Your Server stinks!

You must upgrade it!

Working with old software versions is a common problem. Therefore server software and application upgrades are a necessity. But servers and applications upgrades are often a nightmare. This page gives You a rescue! You'll find useful tables with releases, compatibility matrix, upgrade path, suggestions, ... and links!

Does Your server stink? Check it with the help of the following tables!

Never more without (Database):

SQLite MySQL MariaDB PostgreSQL

Oracle RDBMS

Supported Releases
Unix certification matrix
SQL*Net Interoperability
JDBC Drivers
Oracle Application Server
Oracle Developer / Oracle Forms

SQL Server

DB2

SQL

NoSQL: Hadoop

Never more without (OS):
Unix:

Solaris

HP-UX True64

AIX

macOS

Linux:

Debian

Red Hat

Microsoft:

Windows
Mobile:

iOS

Android

MS Phone

Kindle ...
Hypervisors:

VMware

VirtualBox

Xen OVM

KVM
Cloud (AWS vSphere XenCloud

...)

Never more without (Web):
Browsers
Web Servers Application Servers CMS

ERP: Oracle eBS JD Edwards SAP BAAN

Pentaho Asterisk Zabbix Grafana

Power Links:
OS: IBM Sun HP Red Hat SUSE Tools: Symantec
DB: Oracle (Doc Metalink) SQLite MySQL PostgreSQL
AS: Oracle AS Apache JBoss
Languages: Cobol Microfocus Business Object
Genealogy: Unix Linux Win. Browsers Lang. (Col.)
Wikipedia: Unix Windows ... Other: Linux Map
Security:

NVD by NIST

CVE

From Meo's White Papers:
C'era una volta Oracle Oracle JDBC Drivers
Oracle Application Server 10g Oracle EBS
MySQL MySQL 4 Oracle DBAs
PostgreSQL
"Hello world!"... ditelo coi fiori
La rivoluzione del Software Libero
Unix: Stele di Rosetta Linux RH OEL AIX HP-UX Solaris

by mail@meo.bogliolo.name IMPORTANT: see Copyright Notice

Il software e' come il pesce: dopo un poco puzza... devi aggiornarlo!

In questa pagina ho raccolto le versioni dei sistemi operativi, database ed ambienti su cui tipicamente lavoro e che debbo tenere aggiornati. I commenti sono anche in inglese perche' la stragrande maggioranza delle sorgenti di informazione dirette sono in inglese... compreso questo documento!

Il tuo server puzza? Controllalo con l'aiuto delle tabelle seguenti!

SQLite

Only a few know... but SQLite is the most used Relational Database!
SQLite is a library that can be easly embedded in applications written in almost all the languages and does not require any management process or task.
It's embedded in browsers (eg. Firefox, Chrome, ...), in Mobile OS (iOS, Android, Windows Phone, BlackBerry, ...), 
in OS (Mac OS X, Solaris, ...), ... an impressive list is reported here: http://www.sqlite.org/famous.html

(Sources: Releases Timeline Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3.48	Production	New "configure" script, improved EXPLAIN for covering indexes	3.48.0	2025-01	2025-01
3.47	Production	Several performance optimizations, several fixes	3.47.2	2024-10	2024-12
3.46	Production	Enhancements to date and time functions, to PRAGMA otpimize, to the query planner, support for underscore between digits	3.46.1	2024-05	2024-05
3.45	Production	Enhancements to the JSON SQL functions, SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE, ...	3.45.3	2024-01	2024-04
3.44	Production	ORDER BY in aggregate functions, concat(), concat_ws(), string_agg(), sqlite3_get_clientdata(), sqlite3_set_clientdata() ...	3.44.2	2023-11	2023-11
3.43	Production	Query planner enhancements, performance enhancements to JSON processing, ...	3.43.2	2023-08	2023-10
3.42	Production	FTS5 secure-delete, JSON5 extensions, ...	3.42.0	2023-05	2023-05
3.41	Production	Query planner enhancements, new functions: unhex(), base64() base85()	3.41.2	2023-02	2023-03
3.40	Production	Query planner enhancements, random generator changed from RC4 to Chacha20, indexes can have the same name when in separate schemata	3.40.1	2022-11	2022-12
3.39	Production	RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN support, defer materializing views, HAVING allowed even without GROUP BY	3.39.4	2022-06	2022-09
3.38	Production	Enhancements to JSON functions and operators, unixepoch(), query planner enhancements, columnar output new options: wrap, wordwrap, quote	3.38.5	2022-02	2022-05
3.37	Production	STRICT tables, PRAGMA table_list	3.37.2	2021-11	2022-01
3.36	Production	Easier EXPLAIN PLAN	3.36.0	2021-06	2021-06
3.35	Production	Builtin math functions, ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN, generalized UPSERT.	3.35.5	2021-03	2021-04
3.34	Production	Recursive CTE with two or more terms	3.34.1	2020-12	2021-01
3.33	Production	UPDATE FROM	3.33.0	2020-08	2020-08
3.32	Production	iif()	3.32.3	2020-05	2020-06
3.31	Production	Generated columns	3.31.1	2020-01	2020-01
3.30	Production	NULL [FIRST\|LAST] in ORDER BY	3.30.1	2019-10	2019-10
3.29	Production	sqlite_dbdata virtual table	3.29.0	2019-07	2019-07
3.28	Production	Enhanced window functions (EXCLUDE, GROUP frames, PRECEDING and FOLLOWING)	3.28.0	2019-04	2019-04
3.27	Production	VACUUM INTO	3.27.2	2019-02	2019-02
3.26	Production	Optimized UPDATES	3.26.0	2018-12	2018-12
3.25	Production	Window functions	3.25.3	2018-09	2018-11
3.24	Production	UPSERT, improved format of the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN	3.24.0	2018-06	2018-06
3.23	Production	TRUE and FALSE constants, query optimizer enhancements	3.23.1	2018-04	2018-04
3.22	Production	Zip virtual table, trace all statement in triggers	3.22.0	2018-01	2018-01
3.21	Production	Optimizations	3.21.0	2017-10	2017-10
3.20	Production	New pointer passing interface, enhancements to the command-line shell	3.20.1	2017-08	2017-08
3.19	Production	Flattening optimization	3.19.3	2017-05	2017-06
3.18	Production	LIKE optimization, PRAGMA optimize	3.18.2	2017-03	2017-06
3.17	Production	R-Tree Performance	3.17.0	2017-02	2017-02
3.16	Production	Performance, experimental support fof PRAGMA functions	3.16.2	2017-01	2017-01
3.15	Production	row values, .check and .testcase commands	3.15.2	2016-10	2016-11
3.14	Production	WITHOUT ROWID virtual tables	3.14.2	2016-08	2016-09
3.13	Production	Postpone TEMP I/O, new options	3.13.0	2016-05	2016-05
3.12	Production	Parser and Optimizer enhancements	3.12.2	2016-03	2016-04
3.11	Production	Many micro-optimizations, autoexplain in shell	3.11.1	2016-02	2016-03
3.10	Production	Fixes, performance optimizations. LIKE, REGEXP on virtual tables.	3.10.2	2016-01	2016-02
3.9	Production	JSON1 extension, indexes on expression, table functions in FROM, eponymous virtual tables	3.9.3	2015-10	2016-04
3.8	Production	NGQP (Next Generation Query Planner) which uses N3 (N Nearest Neighbors) instead of NN (Nearest Neighbor) (3.8.1) STAT4 (3.8.3) .fullschema command, readfile() and writefile() functions	3.8.11.1	2013-08	2015-07
3.7	Production	WAL (write-ahead logging) with better concurrency	3.7.17	2010-07	2013-05
3.6	Production	Changes in VFS (Virtual File System) interface (3.6.19) Foreign key constraints	3.6.23.1	2008-08	2010-03
3.5	Production	Changes in the OS interface	3.5.9	2007-10	2008-05
3.4	Production	Incremental BLOB I/O, Incremental vacuum, full-text search extensions	3.4.2	2007-06	2007-08
3.3	Production	CHECK constraints, IF [NOT] EXISTS clause, DESC indices, optional READ UNCOMMITTED isolation	3.3.17	2006-01	2007-04
3.2	Production	ADD COLUMN	3.2.8	2005-03	2005-12
3.1	Production	Autovacuum, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, RENAME TABLE, LIKE... ESCAPE, ...	3.1.6	2005-02	2005-03
3.0	Production	Atomic commits, BLOB, UTF-8, 64-bit rowid, ...	3.0.8	2004-09	2004-10
2.x	Production	Public domain release. B-tree	2.8.17	2001-09	2005-12
1.0	Production	First release based on gdbm (hash). Dynamic typing	1.0.32	2000-08	2001-07
	Alpha			2000-05	2000-08

Upgrading is generally painless. The database is binary compatible in most upgrades. On-disk format is fully backwards compatible and the intent is to support SQLite through the year 2050: I will try to survive until then to check!

MySQL

MySQL is the most known Open Source RDBMS.
It's light but powerful and fast. Probably the best for web applications.

MySQL support and additional tools are available with a subscription.

(Sources: Release notes 5.7, 8.0, 8.4, 9.0; Repositories, Download, Platforms, Support, Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
MySQL 9.x	Innovation	Innovation releases up to 9.7 that is planned as an LTS release. JSON output for EXPLAIN, initial introduction of VECTOR datatype, performance_schema changes new tables: variables_metadata, global_variable_attributes, improved: innodb_lock_waits. JavaScript stored programs [which require MLE (Multilingual Engine Component) available Enterprise Edition only]. Deprecation for mixed transactional and nontransactional tables transactions. Desupport: mysql_native_password, mysql_native_password_proxy_users. (9.1 2024-11): VECTOR support in JavaScript programs, EXPLAIN output enhancements, crash-safe database DDL statements, AWS keyring component instead of plugin, ... (9.2 2025-01): FLUSH PRIVILEGES deprecated, transactions in MLE JavaScript (EE only), ...	9.2.0	2024-07
MySQL 8.4	Production	LTS. Many default defaults changed (eg. smarter InnoDB settings, safer Group Replication settings), SASL-Based LDAP Authentication, tagged GTIDs, clone between point releases, automatic histogram updates, ... Deprecation (cumulative since 8.0): mysql_native_password (disabled by default), INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST, Wildcard characters in database grants, ... Desupport: RHEL/CentOS/OL 6.x, Ubuntu 20.04, SUSE 12, Microsoft Windows 10; default_authentication_plugin system variable (use authentication_policy), old replication syntax (use REPLICA instead of SLAVE and SOURCE instead of MASTER), TLS v1.1, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLESPACES, FLUSH HOSTS (use TRUNCATE TABLE performance_schema.host_cache), ...	8.4.4	2024-04	2029-04 PS 2032-04 ES
MySQL 8.1+	Innovation	Innovation Releases. Minimum number of characters to be changed for passwords, many changes in replication and group replication, more troubleshooting info in variables and in the logs, ... Deprecation: mysql_native_password. Desupport: 32-bit, Enterprise Linux 6, SUSE 12, Debian 10, Ubuntu 18.04, Ubuntu 20.04, MacOS 12, Windows 10, Windows Server 2012R2.	8.1.0 8.2.0 8.3.0	2023-07 2023-10 2024-01	2024-07
MySQL 8.0	Production	Roles, password history, InnoDB tables for the data dictionary, invisible indexes, descending indexes, window functions (OVER), common table expression (WITH), expressions in column default, support for spatial reference systems (SRSs), SQL/MM compliance. New caching_sha2_password authentication plugin as default. Limited backward compatibity. Desupport: Query Cache, MyISAM partitioning, GRANT for user creation, ... (8.0.13 2018-10): password_require_current, functional indexes, expressions in default values. (8.0.14 2019-01): dual password, innodb_parallel_read_threads, requires mysql_upgrade! (8.0.15 2019-02): ipv6 group replication support. (8.0.16 2019-04): automatic mysql_upgrade, group replication autorejoin. (8.0.17 2019-07): clone plugin. (8.0.21 2020-04): JSON_VALUE(). (8.0.29 2022-04): MySQL Operator for Kubernetes. ALGORITHM=INSTANT as default for DDL [NdA can cause corruption: version retired] (8.0.34 2023-07): LTS. Minimum number of characters to be changed for passwords. Deprecated: mysql_native_password. (8.0.35 2023-10): Deprecated: SHOW PROCESSLIST, information_schema.processlist (use performance_schema.processlist). (8.0.37 2024-04): Ubuntu 24.04, Fedora 40. (8.0.38 2024-08): [NdA does not restart after massive table creation, version replaced].	8.0.41	2018-04	2023-04 PS 2026-04 ES	Suggested
MySQL 5.7	Production	InnoDB enhancements (temporary tablespace, DDL performance, spatial data types, in-place ALTER TABLE resize, native partitioning, page compression, ...); native support for JSON datatype; generated columns; better syslog logging; Control-C does not quit mysql client; security enhancements; replication enhancements (eg. multi master, enhanched GTID); performance_schema: metadata_locks, threads; SYS schema. Desupport: mysql_old_password plugin (pre-4.1 16 ch. hash), YEAR(2) (5.7.17 2016-12): Group Replication and, with MySQL Router 2.1.3 (2017-04) InnoDB Cluster. (5.7.18 2017-04): latest to support RH 5 and Ubuntu 12.04, on Solaris 11 requires upd. 3. (5.7.23 2018-07): requires mysql_upgrade! InnoDB CVE fixes, caching_sha2_password support (5.7 clients can connect to 8.0). (5.7.26 2019-04): latest to support SUSE 11.	5.7.44	2015-10	2020-10 PS 2023-10 ES	Suggested
MySQL 5.6	Production	Host Cache infos; Full text search on InnoDB; Fractional Seconds; ignore-db-dir; Performance and scalability (condition pushdown to engine, better statistics for InnoDB, persistence on restart, ...); INFORMATION_SCHEMA (OPTIMIZER_TRACE, INNODB_METRICS, INNODB_SYS_TABLES, ...); explicit partition selection; NoSQL memcached API; Replication enhancements (multithreaded slaves, crash safe slaves, checksums, server UUIDs, delaying replicas); PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA enhancements; ... (5.6.36 2017-04): latest to support RH 5 and Ubuntu 12.04.	5.6.51	2013-02	2018-01 PS 2021-01 ES
MySQL 5.5	Production	Semi-synchronous replication, Performance Schema, SIGNAL/RESIGNAL, LOAD XML, InnoDB 1.1 as default engine, INFORMATION_SCHEMA (INNODB_TRX, INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS, ...), Interface: Plugin->Builtin	5.5.62	2010-12	2015-12 PS 2018-12 ES
MySQL 5.4	Beta	Inno DB multiprocessor optimizations (Sun Solaris), Plugin interface	5.4.1
MySQL 6.0	Alpha	Falcon Storage Engine, Referential integrity, Unicode	6.0.11
MySQL 5.1	Production	ROW and MIXED replication, partitioning, loggin on tables, scheduler, table compression, Cluster enhancements. (5.1.7) INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST	5.1.73	2008-11	2013-12
MySQL 5.0	Production	Catalog (INFORMATION_SCHEMA), Views, Archive and Federated Engines, Stored Routines and triggers, ANSI SQL:2003	5.0.96	2005-10	2011-12
MySQL 4.1	Production	Stronger login security (double SHA1 41 character password hash), Subqueries, Data Clustering, NDB Engine	4.1.22	2004-10	2009-12
MySQL 4.0	Production	Union, savepoint (InnoDB)	4.0.27	2003-03	2008-09
MySQL 3.23	Production	MyISAM Engine (3.23.0), Asynchronous Replication (3.23.15), FULLTEXT indexes (3.23.23), InnoDB Engine (3.23.34) with transaction support and (3.23.44) foreign keys	3.23.58	2001-01	2006-12
MySQL 3.22	Beta			1998
MySQL 3.21	Production			1998
MySQL 3.20	Production	Available also on Windows		1997
MySQL 3.19	Production			1996
Internal	Alpha	First internal release based on ISAM mSQL engine (same API)		1995

MySQL updates are performed quarterly (they generally occur at the Oracle PSU/RU release dates. Last update: 2025-01-21). MySQL updates are generally smooth and fast! Major release changes require to execute the mysql_upgrade command while minor updates require a restart only. Take care of old PHP libraries (the authentication protocol changed in 4.1 and in 8.0 versions) and of deprecated parameters.

SUN acquired MySQL on 2008-02, Oracle acquired SUN on 2009-04.
Important MySQL forks are: Percona Server binary data compatible with MySQL, same MySQL releases with a short delay, Addons: powerful XtraDB Storage Engine, intrumentation and tools; and MariaDB initially binary data compatible with MySQL but now the releases are different.
WebScaleSQL was a branch from MySQL 5.6 community for large scale environments but now it seems abandoned (last commit 2015-12).

MySQL does not support obsolete OS: (2018-05) Debian 7; (2018-04) Windows 8; (2017-12) Fedora 25; (2017-04) RHEL 5.x, Ubuntu 12.4; (2016-06) Windows 7, Windows Server 2008; ... For EOL OS binaries are not longer published (eg. RHEL 5.x latest MySQL versions are 5.7.18, 5.6.36, 5.5.55).

AWS offers on RDS both MySQL and Aurora MySQL which is a cloud optimized MySQL compatible DB (Aurora MySQL 1.x is compatible with MySQL 5.6 while Aurora MySQL 2.x is compatible with MySQL 5.7. Latest versions are 1.x, 2.x, 3.x ).

MariaDB

MariaDB was created in 2009 by Michael "Monty" Widenius, one of MySQL founders; he created MariaDB as soon as MySQL was acquired by Oracle Corp.
MariaDB used the same MySQL versioning initially then they changed approach forking 5.5 release, adding new features and backporting intresting MySQL features. 
MariaDB supports more storage engines than MySQL. Latest MariaDB and MySQL versions are quite diverging...

(Sources: Releases MySQL compatibility Changes (10.11) Release notes (10.11.7) End of life)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Date (to)	Notes
11.7	RC	Rolling release. Vector support: HNSW algorithm, euclidean and cosine distance	11.7.1	2024-11	2024-11	2025-11
11.6	Production	Rolling release. Vector preview.	11.6.2	2024-11	2024-11	2025-11
11.5	Production	Rolling release. Temporary file limit, index condition pushdown for partitioned tables, ...	11.5.2	2024-08	2024-08	2029-08
11.4	Production	LTS. Zero-Configuration TLS by default, EXCHANGE PARTITION... [WITH\|WITHOUT] VALIDATION, FULL_NODUP for binlog_row_image, ...	11.4.4	2024-05	2024-11	2029-05	Suggested
11.x	Production	New optimizer with tunable costs. (11.1): JSON_SCHEMA_VALID function, Semi-join optimization for single-table UPDATE/DELETE, ... (11.2): InnoDB system tablespace can free unused space at startup, ALTER TABLE... ALGORITHM=COPY, LOCK=NONE working many more cases, ... (11.3): Online shrink InnoDB temporary tablespaces, ...	11.0.6 11.1.6 11.2.6 11.3.2	2023-02 2023-02 2023-11 2024-02	2024-08	2025-02	Short term releases
10.11	Production	LTS. Descending indexes, better histograms in statistics, GRANT to PUBLIC, SUPER and READ ONLY ADMIN privileges, passwordless login with GSSSAPI, TABLE to/from PARTITION conversion, Hashicorp Key Management Plugin, ...	10.11.10	2023-02	2024-11	2028-02	Suggested
10.10	Production	Change defaults for GTID-based replication, improved optimization of joins with many tables, UCA-14.0.0 collations, INET4 data type, ... Deprecation: DES_ENCRYPT/DECRYPT	10.10.7	2022-11	2023-11	2023-11	Short term release
10.9	Production	JSON_OVERLAPS, range notation for JSONPath	10.9.8	2022-08	2023-08	2023-08	Short term release
10.8	Production	IN, OUT and INOUT parameters for stored procedures, autocreate partitions, JSON Histograms, ALTER TABLE without lag in replicas	10.8.8	2022-05	2023-05	2023-05	Short term release
10.7	Production	Provider plugins for data compression, sformat() function, convert partition, password reuse, several JSON functions, MySQL syntax for multisource replication	10.7.8	2022-02	2023-02	2023-03 (1y after GA)	Short term release
10.6	Production	LTS. Ignoring indexes, sys schemata, ... Desupport: TokuDB, CassandraSE, SYS_DATAFILES	10.6.20	2021-07	2024-11	2026-07	Suggested
10.5	Production	LTS. INSERT/REPLACE... RETURNING, ALTER TABLE... RENAME, S3 Engine, ColumnStore (Beta), mariadb commands (symlinked with mysql), ...	10.5.27	2020-06	2024-11	2025-06	Suggested
10.4	Production	LTS. New authentication, mysql.global_priv table, optimizer trace, instant DROP COLUMN, Galera 4, ... InnoDB fork (for all releases)	10.4.34	2019-06	2024-05	2024-06	Suggested
10.3	Production	Based on MariaDB 10.2, diverges from MySQL. Sequences, row type for stored routines, delete from subquery, proxy protocol, Oracle's PL/SQL language compatibility mode, MyRocks and Spider Engines, invisible columns, temporal tables (AS OF), ... (10.3.9 2018-08): InnoDB 5.7.23, CVE fixes	10.3.39	2018-05	2023-02	2023-05 (5y after GA)	Suggested
10.2	Production	Based on MariaDB 10.1 with backported features from MySQL 5.6 and 5.7. New features: window functions (OVER), common table expression (WITH), DECIMAL(38), multiple triggers, JSON and GeoJSON functions support, CHECK constraints, InnoDB 5.7.18 (but shows 5.7.14), expressions in column default. (10.2.13 2018-02): InnoDB 5.7.21, fixed a WSREP serius bug (10.2.17 2018-08): InnoDB 5.7.23, CVE fixes	10.2.44	2017-05	2022-05	2022-05	Suggested
10.1	Production	Based on MariaDB 10.0 with backported features from MySQL 5.6 and 5.7. New features: Galera; Table/Tablespace/Log Encryption, AWS Key Management Service; InnoDB compression; GIS	10.1.48	2015-10	2020-08	2020-10
10.0	Production	Based on MariaDB 5.5 with backported features from MySQL 5.6. New features: Roles, Audit Plugin, TokuDB Engine, Parallel Replication, Multi source Replication, GTID (NB different from MySQL implementation), Information and Performance schemata as in MySQL 5.6.	10.0.38	2014-03	2019-01	2019-03
5.5	Production	LTS. Based on MySQL 5.5 and MariaDB 5.3. Performance schema.	5.5.68	2012-04	2020-05	2020-04	Suggested
5.3	Production	Based on MariaDB 5.2, some features backported from MySQL 6.0. Better subquery performances.	5.3.12	2012-02	2013-01	2017-03
5.2	Production	Based on MariaDB 5.1. New features: virtual columns, pluggable authentication.	5.2.14	2010-11	2013-01	2015-11
5.1	Production	Based on the corresponding version of MySQL with some added features: Aria Engine, XtraDB Engine, microseconds in processlist	5.1.67	2010-02	2013-01	2015-02

AWS offers MariaDB on RDS.

MySQL JDBC Support (Connector/J)
(Sources: Connector/J 8.0 Connectors)

Version	MySQL Server	Features	Java RTE	Date (from)	Last release	Last release date	Notes
Connector/J 8.4	8.0, 8.4	JDBC 4.2 API	1.8+	2024-04	8.4.0	2024-04	Suggested
Connector/J 8.0	5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 8.0	JDBC 4.2 API, X DevAPI.	1.8+	2018-04	8.0.33	2023-04	Suggested
Connector/J 5.1	4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7	JDBC 3.0, JDBC 4.0. Driver Manager autoregistration, NCHAR, NVARCHAR, NCLOB, JDBC-4.0 XML. (5.1.21) Java 1.7 support, JDBC 4.1 better support. (5.1.37) JDBC 4.2 better support. (5.1.46) MySQL 8.0 support.	1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8+	2007-04	5.1.48	2019-07	Was suggested
Connector/J 5.0	4.1, 5.0	JDBC 3.0. Full support for MySQL 5.0 features (XA support)	1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6	2005-12	5.0.8	2007-10	Incompatibilities with 5.6
Connector/J 3.1	4.1, 5.0	JDBC 3.0. Almost all MySQL 5.0 features supported (no XA transactions)	1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6	2004-02	3.1.14	2006-10
Connector/J 3.0	3.x, 4.1	JDBC 3.0	1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6	2002-07	3.0.17	2005-06	BAD (security problems)
Connector/J 2.0	3.x	JDK 1.2, JDK 2.0		2000-04	2.0.14	2002-05
Connector/J 1	3.x	JDK 1.1		1998-05	1.2b	1999-07

They are all type 4 (100% pure java) JDBC drivers. TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 deprecated in Connector/J 8.0.26 and removed in 8.0.28
MariaDB mantaines different LGPL MariaDB Connector/J drivers.

PHP

When upgrading MySQL take care of PHP libraries.
Applications use a PHP extension to connect to a MySQL database. The mysqli and PDO_MySQL PHP extensions are lightweight wrappers on top of a C client library. The extensions can either use the mysqlnd library or the libmysqlclient library. The mysqlnd library is part of the PHP distribution and is highly recommended. MySQL native driver (mysqlnd) is available since PHP 5.3.
PHP 7.0 or higher requires MySQL 5.6 or higher. MySQL 8.0 is supported by PHP 7.4 or higher. PHP 8.0 or higher requires MySQL 8.0 or higher.
The MySQL authentication protocol deeply changed in 4.1 and in 8.0 versions but where are options to support old client libraries.

phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin is the most known and used administration tool for MySQL.
Open Source, powerful, available on 72 languages, ... rated as "Best Tool or Utility for SysAdmins"

(Sources: News, Downloads page, Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
5.2	Production	Requirements: PHP 7.2, MySQL 5.5+. (5.2.1 2023-02): CVE-2022-23807.	5.2.2	2022-05	2025-01
5.1	Production	Requirements: PHP 7.1, MySQL 5.5+. Improvements to linking to documentation for both MySQL and MariaDB. Preview SQL. ALTER ONLINE, ...	5.1.4	2021-02	2022-05
5.0	Production	Requirements: PHP 7.1, MySQL 5.5+. Enable columns names by default for CSV exports (at last ;-)	5.0.4	2019-12	2020-10
4.9	Production	LTS to support PHP 5.5-7.0. (4.9.11 2023-02): CVE-2022-23807.	4.9.11	2019-06	2023-02
4.8	Production	Requirements: same as previuous release.	4.8.5	2018-04	2019-01
4.7	Production	Requirements: PHP 5.5 to 7.1, MySQL 5.5+ (4.7.1): support for 8.0 collations	4.7.9	2017-03	2017-12
4.6	Production	Requirements: PHP 5.5 to 7.0, MySQL 5.5+	4.6.6	2016-03	2017-01
4.5	Production	Requirements: PHP 5.5 to 7.0, MySQL 5.5+	4.5.5.1	2015-09	2016-02
4.4	Production	Requirements: PHP 5.3.7 to 7.0, MySQL 5.5+	4.4.15.10	2015-04	2017-01
4.3	Production	SQL preview, Drag&Drop import, zeroconf PMA tables, support for both old and new chart formats, better performance with thousands databases, ... Desupport: MySQL < 5.5	4.3.13.3	2014-12	2015-09
4.2	Production	Export and Import enhancements, Edit privilege with sub-menus, ... Requirements: PHP 5.3+, MySQL 5.5+ (2014-12 4.2.13.1): last release	4.2.13.2	2014-05	2015-06
4.1	Production	Fractional seconds, new DB in nav tree, HTLM5 enhancements, better table browser, ... Requirements: PHP 5.3+, MySQL 5.5+	4.1.14.8	2013-12	2014-12
4.0	Production	Tree view of schemas, removed HTML frames, changed chart format. LTS to support PHP 5.2-5.4. Requirements: PHP 5.2+ (does not support PHP 5.5+), MySQL 5.0+	4.0.10.20	2013-05	2017-04
3	Production	EVENT, TRIGGER support (3.4) Ajax interface, Charts (3.5) Better Ajax interface Requirements: PHP 5.2+, MySQL 5.0+	3.5.8.2	2008-11	2013-07
2	Production	Many layout changes, new functionalities. (2.4 2003-02): MySQL 4 privileges (2.6 2004-09): MySQL 4.1 support (2.11 2007-08): MySQL 5.0 support for trigger, procedures, and functions Requirements: PHP 4.2, MySQL 3.23.32+	2.11.11.3	1999-04	2011-02
1	Production	PHP 3	1.3.1	1998-09	1998-12

MySQL phpMyAdmin Compatibility Matrix

	phpMyAdmin
MySQL	5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8	4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3	4.2	4.1	4.0	3.x	2.6-2.9	2.4-2.5	2.0-2.3	1
8.0	Yes	Partial
5.7	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial
5.6	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial
5.5	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	Partial
5.1	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Partial
5.0	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Partial
4.1	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Partial
4.0	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial
3.x	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

MySQL and phpMyAdmin have a lot of functionalities... things are not as simple as the previous matrix seems to suggest.

Galera Cluster for MySQL

Galera is an Open Source Cluster for MySQL based on multi-master synchronous replication.
Galera Cluster for MySQL is available for both MySQL Community, MariaDB, and Percona.
In MariaDB 10.1 and later, the MySQL-wsrep patch has been merged into MariaDB Server.

(Sources: Galera Cluster, Git Hub Launchpad (old) MariaDB )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4	Production	Huge transaction support with streaming replication, new system tables to help monitoring, backup locks, ... First release for MariaDB 10.4 only Planned: non blocking DDL, ... (2020-05): available on MySQL 8.0.19 too Latest: MySQL 8.0.36, Galera library 4.18, wsrep API version 26	4-26.4.18	2019-06	2024-03	Suggested
3	Production	Support for MySQL 5.6, Wan optimizations, MySQL 5.6 GTID support, Async compatibility, new write set key format; (2017-02) MySQL 5.7 support (5.7.17). Desupport: MySQL 5.1. Last release for: MySQL 5.6.51 with wsrep Patch Version 25.33; MySQL 5.5.62 with wsrep Patch Version 25.25 Latest: MySQL 5.7.43, Galera library 3.37, wsrep API version 25 for MySQL-wsrep 5.7.32	3-25.3.37	2013-11	2024-01	Suggested
2	Production	Incremental state transfer (IST). Schema upgrades: Total Order Isolation (TOI) or Rolling Schema Upgrade (RSU).	2-25.2.9	2012-10	2014-03
1	Production	Foreign keys. Writeset cache.	1.	2011-10	2012-02
0	Production	(0.7): DDL Support. (0.8): SST Scripts.	0.8.2	2009	2011-09

sysbench

Sysbench is the de-facto standard for MySQL benchmarks.

(Sources: GitHub )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
1.0	Production	Official release refactoring updates since 4.12: Lua scripting, new command line sintax, better scalability and internal performances, error hooks, report hooks, latency histograms, custom commands, ...	1.0.20	2017-02	2020-04	Suggested
0.5	Production	Not an official release... Lua scripting; --mysql-ignore-errors option		2006	2017-02
0.4	Production	Many improvments. Oracle Driver. (0.4.12 2016): broadly adopted by linux distros	0.4.12	2005-07	2017-02
0.3	Old			2005-01	2005
	Old	Developed as an internal tool		2004	2004

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is a powerful Open Source Object/Relational Database Management System.
It has more than 20 years of active development and a proven architecture
that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, data integrity, and correctness.
It runs on all major operating systems.

(Sources: Official Site Versioning Features pgPedia Release Notes )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
PostgreSQL 18	Planned	Temporal PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE constraints, two phase commit option in subscriptions, PL/Tcl support for Tcl 9, max() and min() for bytea, ... Deprecation: MD5 passwords. Desupport: OpenSSL 1.1.0		2025-10	2030-11
PostgreSQL 17	Production	New WAL summarized process, MAINTAIN privilege and pg_maintain role, pg_stat_checkpointer view, pg_wait_events, login event trigger, SUBSCRIPTION failover, JSON(), JSON_SCALAR(), JSON_SERIALIZE(), JSON_EXISTS(), JSON_QUERY(), JSON_VALUE(), JSON_TABLE(), +/- infinity support for interval, less restrictions for constraints on partitions, parallel CREATE INDEX for BRIN, incremental sort for GiST and SP-GiST indexes, MEMORY and SERIALIZE options for EXPLAIN, immutable collations, ~~ALTER TABLE... SPLIT and MERGE partitions~~, ... Desupport: AIX, OpenSSL 1.0.1	17.3	2024-09	2029-11
PostgreSQL 16	Production	SQL/JSON constructors and identity functions, parallel execution with OUTER and FULL joins, logical replication from standbys servers, logical replication in parallel, pg_stat_io view, improved performance of vacuum freezing, load balancing in libpq, regular expression in pg_hba.conf and pg_ident.conf, pg_create_subscription role, ... ~~MAINTAIN privilege and pg_maintain role~~ (16.1 2023-11): CVE-2023-5869 fix. (16.4 2024-08): CVE-2024-7348 fix.	16.7	2023-09	2028-11	Suggested
PostgreSQL 15	Production	MERGE command, server-side compression in backup, logical replication for ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA, logical replication filters, new regexp functions, security_invoker in views, optimized sort algorithms, jsonlog logging format, ... Revoked PUBLIC CREATE from public schema. ~~SQL/JSON constructors~~. Desupport: exclusive backup mode, python 2, PG9.2 specific code. (15.5 2023-11): CVE-2023-5869 fix. (15.6 2024-02): CVE-2024-0985 fix. (15.8 2024-08): CVE-2024-7348 fix.	15.11	2022-10	2027-11	Suggested
PostgreSQL 14	Production	OUT in Stored procedures, SEARCH and CYCLE options in CTE, subscripting operators on jsonb and hstore, multiranges data type, extended statistics also on expressions, new statistics in pg_stat_database (eg. active_time), reduced bloat on B-tree index after updates, more aggressive VACUUM, libpq query pipeline and additional values for target_session_attrs, LZ4 compression for TOAST, numerous performance improvements on: parallel queries, heavily-concurrent workloads, partitioned tables, logical replication, vacuuming! (14.3 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. (14.4 2022-06): fixed a bug affecting 14 only (data corruption using CONCURRENTLY). (14.10 2023-11): CVE-2023-5869 fix. (14.11 2024-02): CVE-2024-0985 fix. (14.13 2024-08): CVE-2024-7348 fix.	14.16	2021-09	2026-11	Suggested
PostgreSQL 13	Production	Better performance with aggregates and partitioning, parallel VACUUM for indexes, space saving in indexes, new monitoring views, trusted extensions, ... (13.1 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (13.7 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. (13.13 2023-11): CVE-2023-5869 fix. (13.14 2024-02): CVE-2024-0985 fix. (13.16 2024-08): CVE-2024-7348 fix.	13.19	2020-09	2025-11
PostgreSQL 12	Production	Performance improvements on partitioning, decreased WAL usage for indexes, JSON path expressions, stored generated columns, REINDEX CONCURRENTLY, mcv extended statistic, ... Incompatibilites: replication parameters in postgres.conf. (12.5 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (12.11 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. (12.17 2023-11): CVE-2023-5869 fix. (12.18 2024-02): CVE-2024-0985 fix. (12.20 2024-08): CVE-2024-7348 fix.	12.22	2019-10	2024-11
PostgreSQL 11	Production	Improvements to partitioning (row move, by HASH, DEFAULT partition, better query pruning, full referential constraint support, upsert, automatic index creation, ...), transaction control in PL/pgSQL, SQL stored procedures, enhanched parallelism, full SQL:2011 standard support for window functions, JIT compilation, ... quit and exit in psql! (11.4 2019-06): CVE-2019-10164 fix. (11.10 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (11.16 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix.	11.22	2018-10	2023-11
PostgreSQL 10	Production	Built-in Logical Replication, native Table Partitioning, conditional scripting in psql, enhanched Query Parallelism, extended statistics, quorum commit on Synchronous Replication, ICU collations, new roles: pg_monitor, pg_read_all_stats, pg_read_all_settings, pg_stat_scan_tables. Driver updates: SCRAM-SHA-256 Authentication, Multi-host failover, Read-only/Read-Write connections. Incompatibilites: directory changes, wal functions renamed, version numbering. Desupport: pg_dump for DB older than 8.0. (10.3 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. (10.9 2019-06): CVE-2019-10164 fix. (10.15 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (10.21 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix.	10.23	2017-10	2022-11
PostgreSQL 9.6	Production	Parallel sequential scans, joins and aggregates; Elimination old data autovacuuming; Synchronous replication on multiple standby servers; Full-text search for phrases; Support for remote joins, sorts, and updates in postgres_fdw; Better multi-core scalability. (9.6.1 2016-10) many bug fixes. Incompatible change: pg_stat_activity. (9.6.8 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. (9.6.20 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. This version and the older ones are probably affected by CVE-2022-1552 bug published on 2022-05.	9.6.24	2016-09	2021-11
PostgreSQL 9.5	Production	INSERT ON CONFLICT UPDATE (UPSERT), SELECT... FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED, Grouping Sets, CUBE and ROLLUP analytic operations, online SET UNLOGGED, Row-Level Security, better multi-core and large memory scalability. BRIN indexes. Desupport: PostGIS 2.1. (9.5.2 2016-03): fixed a bug affecting 9.5 only (text indexes optimization). (9.5.12 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. (9.5.24 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix.	9.5.25	2016-01	2021-02
PostgreSQL 9.4	Production	Native JSON support (JSONB); new API for managing replication streams; logical WAL decoding; perfomance improvements on GIN indexes; concurrently updatable materialized views; ALTER SYSTEM (postgresql.auto.conf); pg_stat_archiver; huge_pages; security: SSL ECDH key exchange, log_connections shows SSL usage. (9.4.1 2015-02): fixed a bug affecting 9.4 only. (9.4.17 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix.	9.4.26	2014-12	2020-02
PostgreSQL 9.3	Production	Disk page checksum, updatable views, writeable foreign tables, parallel pg_dump, copy freeze, lateral join, materialized views, new functions for JSON, easier switchover with replication. Desupport: PostGIS 2.0. (9.3.2 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed. (9.3.4 2014-03) fixed a seriuos bug affecting 9.3 only. (9.3.22 2018-03) CVE-2018-1058 fix.	9.3.25	2013-09	2018-11
PostgreSQL 9.2	Production	Cascading replication, on-slave backup; performance improvements (index-only scan); new SQL features (range data type, JSON data type). Incompatible change: pg_stat_activity. Desupport: PostGIS 1.5. (9.2.6 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed.	9.2.24	2012-09	2017-11
PostgreSQL 9.1	Production	EXTENSIONs; Synchronous replication; serializable snapshot; per-column collation; unlogged tables; K-nearest-neighbor indexes; SE-Postgres; foreign data wrappers (DB gateway); SQL or PL/PgSQL: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS, INSTEAD OF triggers on views, FOREACH; ... (9.1.11 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed.	9.1.24	2011-09	2016-10
PostgreSQL 9.0	Production	Streaming Replication and Hot Standby. GRANT/REVOKE IN SCHEMA for mass permission changes. DO with anonymous blocks (similar to stored procedure), Phyton3, BYTEA datatype. Dereferrable unique contraints for bulk load. pg_upgrade added as contrib module. 64 bit build for WinX. Desupport: PostGIS 1.4 (9.0.15 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed.	9.0.23	2010-09	2015-10
PostgreSQL 8.4	Production	Performance enhancements (hash index, EXISTS), better free space management, windows functions (OVER clause), CTE (WITH clause), column permission, returns table in functions, pg_stat_statements, ... (8.4.19 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed.	8.4.21	2009-07	2014-07
PostgreSQL 8.3	Unsupported	Very stable. Full text search, XML, updatable cursors, performance&tuning (eg. asynchronous commit, dedicated writes, default autovacuum)	8.3.23	2008-02	2013-02
PostgreSQL 8.2	Unsupported	Multirow DML, index DDL during DML (CONCURRENTLY clause), SQL:2003 statistical functions, performance&tuning (eg. fast locking, FILLFACTOR, monitor/logging)	8.2.23	2006-12	2011-12
PostgreSQL 8.1	Unsupported	2PC, Role based security, IN/OUT/INOUT SQL function parameters, partitioning (constraint_exclusion param.), autovacuum in core distribution (it was an extension)	8.1.23	2005-11	2010-11
PostgreSQL 8.0	Unsupported	MS Windows porting, savepoint, point-in-time recovery, tablespaces, Perl server-side language	8.0.26	2005-01	2010-10
PostgreSQL 7.0	Unsupported	Foreign keys, SQL-92 joins, many optimizer enhanchements; (7.1 2001-04) GiST, TOAST, Outer joins, WAL, LOB, GUC (Grand Unified Configuration); (7.2 2002-04) not locking vacuum, column histograms in analyze, better password encryption; (7.3 2002-11) schemas, drop column, table functions, prepared queries; (7.4 2003-11) standard information schema, more efficient with: IN, GROUP BY, explicit JOIN, regular expressions, function-inlining, full-text, ARRAY[] constructor; Frontend/Backend protocol v3	7.4.30	2000-05	2010-10
PostgreSQL 6.0	Unsupported	JDBC 2.0, sqlcli.h, SET CONSTRAINTS, plperl	6.5.3	1997-01	2004-06
PostgresSQL 1	Unsupported	PostgreSQL: SQL Engine	1.09	1996
Postgres95	Unsupported	Postgres95: SQL interpreter, ANSI C, psql, GNU make	0.03	1995
Postgres	Unsupported	"post" Ingres project at University of California at Berkeley: POSTGRES with Object-Relational features, PostQUEL, BSD make	4.2	1987

PostgreSQL generally has 1 major release and 4 minor releases per year [last on 2025-02-13, next on 2025-05-8].
The target date for minor releases are the second Thursday of February, May, August, and November.
New major releases typically occur in October each year.
PostgreSQL minor upgrades (eg. 8.4.3 to 8.4.4, 13.3 to 13.4) are easy: shutdown the database, upgrade the software and restart.
PostgreSQL major changes require a pg_dump/restore or a pg_upgrade in-place update.

... a smarter and faster upgrade procedure is generally possible with pg_upgrade.

pg_upgrade	Features	Requires
pg_upgrade	Features	7.X	8.3	8.4	9.0	9.2
7.2	Contrib module for in-place PostgreSQL major upgrade. Removed in 8.1	X
8.4	Reenginered in an external module called pg_migrator	X
9.0	Added as contrib		X
9.2	Enhancements (eg. PGPORTOLD/PGPORTNEW, -o/-O options )		X
9.3	Enhancements (eg. more status info)		X
9.4	Reduced memory consumption		X
9.5	Added as server utility			X
10	Hash index rebuild			X
12	New options: --clone, --socketdit				X
15	OIDs preserved					X
16	New option: --copy					X
17	Migration of logical replication slots					X
18	Task parallelization					X

There are several important tools in the PostgreSQL ecosystem: pgAdmin4 9.0, PgBouncer 1.24.0, Pgpool-II 4.5.4, pgCat 1.2, Patroni 4.0.4, Citus 13.0.1, ora2pg 24.3, pgBadger 12.4, Odyssey 1.3, ~~Slony-I 2.2.11~~, ...

Enterprise DB offers PostgreSQL database for Enterprise usage and paid support. In addition to the community version two other PostgreSQL versions can be downloaded:
Postgres Plus Standard Server: community edition integrated with: pgmemcache, pgBouncer, Slony, PostGIS, pgAgent, graphical installation, ... Open Source
Postgres Plus Advanced Server: Standard Server + Oracle compatibility (eg. DBMS_* packages, Oracle dictionary, PL/SQL, DB link, migration studio, ...), DynaTune, SQL/Protect, ... It takes some months after community edition to have an Advanced Server release. The Advanced version is not Open Source and is not free.

AWS offers on RDS both PostgreSQL and Aurora PostgreSQL which is a cloud optimized PostgreSQL compatible DB (eg. Aurora PostgreSQL 1.1 on 2018-03-21 is compatible with Pg 9.6.6 and has support for orafce extension. Latest versions are AP 1.3 Pg 9.6.9 compatible and AP 2.0 Pg 10.4 compatible). Amazon Redshift, an impressive OLAP database service, is based on Postgres 8.0.2 too [NdA even if there are important differences].

PostgreSQL JDBC Support
(Sources: Postgres JDBC Site Github Security)

Version	Postgres Server	Features	Java RTE	Last release	Last release date	Notes
JDBC42 4.5	8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10, 11+	JDBC 4.2	1.8	42.7.4	2024-02	For Java 8 or newer
JDBC41 4.2	8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10, 11+	JDBC 4.1	1.7	42.2.29	2022-10	For Java 7 or newer
JDBC40 4.2	8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10, 11+	JDBC 4.0	1.6	42.2.27	2022-08	For Java 6 or newer
JDBC42 9.4	7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4	JDBC 4.2	1.7, 1.8	9.4-1212	2016-09
JDBC41 9.4	7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4	JDBC 4.1	1.7, 1.8	9.4-1212	2016-09
JDBC40 9.4	7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4	JDBC 4.0	1.6	9.4-1212	2016-09
JDBC3 9.3	7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3	JDBC 3.0	1.4, 1.5	9.3-1104	2015-01
JDBC2 8.3	7.x, 8.x	JDBC 2.0	1.2, 1.3	8.3-607	2010-05

Postgres JDBC are backward and forward compatible (current JDBC driver supports PostgreSQL 8.2 or newer with 3.0 PostgreSQL protocol), using the latest release is always suggested. Postgres JDBC drivers are type 4 (100% pure java). Since version 8.0 they are available for download from Postgres JDBC page [NdE before that date they were available in the server source code]

PostGIS
PostgreSQL has several additional components. Among the others the geographical extension: PostGIS!
(Source: PostGIS Source Code GitHub mirror Documentation):

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3.5	Production	Require PG 12+, Proj 6.1+, GEOS 3.8+ (better with 3.12+)	3.5.2	2024-09	2025-01
3.4	Production	Require PG 12+, Proj 6.1+	3.4.4	2023-08	2024-12
3.3	Production	Require PG 11+, GEOS 3.6+, Proj 5.2+	3.3.8	2022-08	2024-12
3.2	Production	Requires PG 9.6+, GEOS 3.6+ Proj 4.9+; better with GEOS 3.10+, PG 14+	3.2.8	2021-12	2024-12
3.1	Production	GEOS 3.9 new features, performance enhancements	3.1.12	2020-12	2024-12
3.0	Production	Requires Postgres 9.5+, best with Postgres 12+; GEOS 3.6+, Proj 6+.	3.0.11	2019-10	2024-02
2.5	Production	Postgres 9.4-12 support.	2.5.9	2018-09	2022-11
2.4	Production	Changed < = > B-Tree index operators, dropped support for PostgreSQL 9.2. (2.4.4 2018-04): PgSQL 11 support	2.4.8	2017-09	2019-08
2.3	Production	Custom TOC in postgis_restore.pl, TopoGeom_addElement, TopoGeom_remElement, populate_topology_layer, support for 9.6 parallel query mode	2.3.10	2016-09	2019-08
2.2	Production	PROJ 4.6+, KNN works for all geometry types, Topology API in liblwgeom	2.2.8	2015-10	2018-11
2.1	Production	Faster! PostgreSQL 9.3 support. New functions for geography, geometry and topology.	2.1.9	2013-08	2017-09
2.0	Production	GEOS 3.3, PostgreSQL 9.1. New features: 3D (ST_3D*). Raster (based on GDAL). Topology. Geocoder -> TIGER 2010 US Census.	2.0.7	2012-04	2015-03
1.5	Production	up to pg 8.5; new Geography type for lat/lon; GML, KML format readers; better performance on distance calculation. (1.5.3): up to pg 9.1 (PostgreSQL 9.2 requires PostGis 2.0 or upper) (1.5.6): Added support for pg 9.2 (but not suggested)	1.5.9	2010-02	2012-11
1.4	Production	New API. Requirements: pg >= 8.2, >= GEOS 3.0, >= PROJ4 4.5. Support for compound curves in a curve polygon (SQL-MM)	1.4.2	2009-03	2010-03
1.3	Production	Early adoption of SQL-MM convention. (1.3.6) up to pg 8.4	1.3.6	2007-08	2009-05
1.2	Production	Curved geometry type support for serialization/deserialization; Point-in-polygon shortcircuit to the Contains and Within functions	1.2.1	2006-12	2007-01
1.1	Production	transform() performance; stable GEOS connectivity (GEOS 2.2); new functions; draft topology support.	1.1.7	2005-12	2007-01
1.0	Production	Small footprint data representation as default	1.0.6	2005-04	2005-12
0.x	Pre	First release from Refractions Research. (0.8): Full support for SFSQL.	0.9	2001-05	2005-07

PostGIS Soft Upgrades (eg. 2.0.1 to 2.0.3) are easy:
shutdown the database, upgrade the software, restart, run a simple SQL command
to upgrade the EXTENSION (if Postgres version >= 9.1, with previuos releases and upgrade script is provided).
PostGIS Hard Upgrades require a fresh new installation, a specific dump,
a quite long update of DDL contained in the dump with postgis_restore.pl and the final restore.

PostgreSQL / PostGIS Compatibility Matrix (Source: PostGIS)

PostGIS

PostgreSQL

1.3

1.4

1.5

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

7.x

Yes

8.0

Yes

8.1

Yes

8.2

Yes

8.3

Yes

8.4

Yes

9.0

Yes

9.1

Yes

9.2

Yes

9.3

Yes

9.4

Yes

9.5

Yes

9.6

Yes

TimescaleDB
TimescaleDB is the PostgreSQL Time-Series extension.
(Sources: Git TimescaleDB)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2.0	Production	Elastic clustering, distribuited hypertables, manual refresh on continuos aggregates. PG11 or newer required. Many entereprise features now free. Backwards incompatibilities: API for continuous aggregates, some informational views (2.2.0 2021-04): PG11 deprecation. (2.3.0 2021-05): Distributed hypertable compression policies, generated column and trigger support on distributed hypertables. (2.4.0 2021-08): PG12 or newer. Experimental features: timescaledb_experimental schema, add block_new_chunks and allow_new_chunks API, time_bucket_ng. (2.5.0 2021-10): Support for PG14, continuous aggregates for distributed hypertables. (2.6.0 2022-02): Continuous aggregates with compression. (2.7.0 2022-05): Performance optimizations: continuous aggregate queries, now(), COPY, chunk exclusion of DELETE/UPDATE. (2.8.0 2022-08): Time_bucket by month, year and timezone. (2.9.0 2022-12): Hierarchical continuous aggregates.	2.18.1	2020-12	2025-02
1.0	Production	Production release. Bucket time epoch on Monday January 3, 2000. (1.1 2018-12): several optimizations. Beta support for PG11 and timescale-tune. (1.2 2019-01): Full support for PG11, time-series analytical functions, data reordering (reorder_chunk()). Commercial license: automated data lifecycle management (add_reorder_policy(), add_drop_chunks_policy()). Deprecation: adaptive chunking. (1.3 2019-05): continuous aggregates. (1.4 2019-06): multiple continuous aggregates, ChunkAppend. (1.5 2019-10): native compression (requires PG10+), data tiering. (1.6 2020-01): allow drop_chunks while keeping continuous aggregates. (1.7 2020-04): PG12 support; deprecation for PG9.6, PG10.	1.7.4	2018-10	2020-09
0.x	Production	First production release. ALTER EXTENSION upgrade. Requires PostgreSQL 9.6.2 or 10.2. (0.2.0 2017-07): Trigger support on hypertables. (0.7.0 2017-11): Postgres 10 support. (0.8.0 2017-12): Windows support. (0.9.0 2018-03): Different extension versions on different databases. (0.11.0 2018-08): Adaptive chunking. (0.12.0 2018-09): Scheduler, telemetry usage information.	0.12.1	2017-06	2018-09
0.0.x	Development	First releases...	0.0.12-beta	2017-03	2017-06

Oracle RDBMS

Oracle is the most known commercial RDBMS. Oracle RDBMS has a lot of features, products and versions...
Oracle RDBMS is sold in several Editions:
 Enterprise Edition (full release: perice per n. user or per socket, all options available (priced)),
 Standard Edition 2 (max 4 socket, no options, limited features),
 Personal Edirion (per 1 user, single machine, single user),
 Express / Free (FREE but with limits on usage / size)
Software update license and support is generally the 22%. Check current pricing HERE

(Sources: Metalink 161818.1, MOS 742060.1, Support Policies, Technology Lifetime Support, Release Schedule 742060.1, Oracle Docs (since 7.3.4), Mike Dietrich's blog, Oracle FAQs, Once upon a time

)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Oracle 23c Oracle 23ai	Production	Available at first as Free Developer Release. JSON/Relational, JavaScript stored procedures, Property Graphs, SQL Domains, OKafka, BOOLEAN datatype, direct Joins for UPDATE and DELETE, Unicode 15.0, FROM not mandatory, GROUP BY alias or position, multivalued INSERT, ... Desupport: non-CDB Architecture (already in 20c and 21c), Export Utility (EXP), EM Express, traditional auditing [use Unified Auditing], TSL 1.0, TLS 1.1, ... Deprecation: Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) [use AutoUpgrade] (23.4 2024-05): Renamed from 23c to 23ai adding AI Vector Search, released in Cloud and as Dev-Free	23.6	2023-04 (Dev. Release) 2023-09 (Cloud) 2024-05 (23ai Cloud+Dev) 2024-07 (Exadata)	2032-04
Oracle 21c	Production	Innovation Release. Blockchain Tables, AutoML (Machine Learning), JavaScript Execution in the Database, JSON Data Type, Per-PDB Data Guard Physical Standby, Per-PDB GoldenGate Change Capture, Self-Managing In-Memory, In-Memory Hybrid Columnar Scan, In-Memory Vector Joins with SIMD, Sharding Advisor Tool, Property Graph Visualization Studio, Automatic Materialized Views, Automatic Zone Maps, SQL Macros, Gradual Password Rollover Desupport: non-CDB Architecture	21.17	2020-12 (Cloud) 2021-08 GA	2027-07
Oracle 20c	Unsupp.	Preview Release. Blockchain native tables, JSON binary datatype, Automatic In-Memory, Standby Result Cache with Active DG, SQL macros, CDB fine-grained resource model, ... Desupport: non-CDB architecture!	20.2	2020-02 (Cloud preview) Never as GA	2020-12
Oracle 19c	Production	19c == 12.2.0.3, terminal patch set for 12.2 and LTS (Long Term Release). Requires OL7, RHEL7 or SLES12. SQL: listagg distinct, DBMS_JOB as interface to DBMS_SCHEDULER, JET instead of Flash in EM Express (19.7 2020-05): certified with RH/OL 8.0+; SEHA (Standard Edition High Availability) on Linux/Solaris/Windows (19.13 2021-11): SEHA on AIX, HP-UX Itanium Desupport: Oracle multimedia, Oracle Streams, RAC on SE2, PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE, Extended Datatype Support, ...	19.26	2019-02 (Exadata) 2019-04 (Linux)	2029-12 (2032-12 ES)	Suggested
Oracle 18c	Unsupp.	New version numbering: 18c == 12.2.0.2. Initially available on Exadata and Cloud. APEX 5.1, Automatic Background Text Index Maintenance, WILDCARD_INDEX in text searches, TREAT expression AS JSON, Transparent Application Continuity (TAC), backups valid on new CDB, DBCA PDB clone, Read Only ORACLE_HOME (new variables: ORACLE_BASE_HOME, ORACLE_BASE_CONFIG), RPM install, support for Oracle Exadata infrastructure patching, ... Deprecation: Oracle Streams, Oracle multimedia, DBMS_XMLQUERY. Desupport: UTL_FILE_DIR, symbolic links in UTL_FILE, STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST	18.14	2018-02 (Exadata) 2018-03 (Cloud) 2018-07 (On‑premises)	2021-06
Oracle 12c R2	Unsupp.	Online partitioning, Online encryption, DBVault simulation, DBA_INDEX_USAGE, Data Guard automatic deploy, CREATE ANALYTIC VIEW, external and partitioned tables on HDFS, ... For Multitenant: up to 4096 PDB, MAX_PDBS, different character sets, active DG and DG Broker, flashback, hot clone, max_iops, proxy PDB, ... For Cloud: listener multiple redirects, SQLNET.COMPRESSION, Sharding option, RMAN cross-platform support, ... Deprecation: DBMS_JOB. Desupport: <= 11.1 clients, Advanced Replication	12.2.0.1	2016-11 (Cloud) 2017-02 (Exadata) 2017-03 (On‑premises)	2020-11	Suggested
Oracle 12c	Unsupp.	Oracle Multitenant Option (aka Pluggable DBs); Heat Map Optimizations; Adaptive Query Optimization; RMAN improvements (table restore, standby restore, ...); Availability: transparent failover, Global Data Service; Infrastructure: light-weight grid stack, EM express; ILM (information lifecycle); SQL: default with sequence, varchar up to 32k, with-PLSQL functions, ... Deprecation: Advanced Replication, UTL_FILE_DIR, Non-CDB architecture. Desupport: <= 9.2 clients, raw devices 12.1.0.2: InMemory Option, SE2, ...	12.1.0.1 12.1.0.2	2013-07 2014-07	2016-08 2022-07	Suggested
Oracle 11g R2	Market Driven Support	Stable, fast, low TCO; ADVM (ASM Dynamic Volume Manager) and ACFS (ASM Cluster File System), Oracle restart (srvctl), Caging (CPU_COUNT), Hybrid Compression; RAC One Node option, SCAN listener, Omotion; 11.2.0.2 Patch Set is a full release Desupport: raw devices in DBCA, Oracle Ultra Search	11.2.0.1 11.2.0.2 11.2.0.3 11.2.0.4	2009-09 2010-09 2011-09 2013-04	2011-09 2013-10 2015-08 2020-12	Suggested 11.2.0.4
Oracle 11g	Unsupp.	Availability enhancements, performance optimization (eg. client cache), native PL/SQL compilation, binary XML Options: Total Recall, Advanced Compression, real application testing (RAT) Desupport: exp, iSQLPlus, <= 8.1.7 clients	11.1.0.7	2007-08 (Linux)	2012-08 (2015 ES)
Oracle 10g R2 (10.2)	Unsupp.	Stable, COMMIT NOWAIT, fully featured Enterprise Manager, Data Pump compression, Opatch	10.2.0.5	2005	2010-07 (2013 ES)	Suggested 10.2.0.4 10.2.0.5
Oracle 10g (10.1)	Unsupp.	sqlplus / as sysdba, Regexp, Flashback tables, expdp/impdp, DBMS_SCHEDULER, "Grid" Desupport: Rule based Optimizer, <= 7.3.4 clients , init parameters	10.1.0.5	2003	2009-01 (2012 ES)	BAD
Oracle 9i R2 (9.2)	Unsupp.	Very stable, JDK 1.3 in JVM, XML, CTE (WITH), Dynamic Listener Parameters	9.2.0.8	2002	2007-07 (2010 ES, 2012 LES)	Suggested 9.2.0.8
Oracle 9i (9.0.1)	Unsupp.	ETL, RMAN, 9i Data Guard, Parallel DB->RAC, MTS->Shared Server *Desupport: CONNECT Internal, SQLNet, Server Manager, ESTAT/BSTAT** more...	9.0.1.5	2001	2003-12	BAD
Oracle 8i	Unsupp.	(8.1.5 1999-02): DROP COLUMN, temporary table, analytic/window functions (OVER), Internet, iFS, Java Stored (8.1.6 1999-11): Statspack, DBA Studio, PL/SQL SP, function-based indexes, CUBE, ROLLUP, materialized views (8.1.7 2000-08): Very stable, Enterprise Manager, Apache, JSP Procedures	8.1.7.4	1999	2004-12 (2006 ES)	Suggested 8.1.7.4
Oracle 8.0	Unsupp.	Partitioning, Object option, object types, Full NLS, SQL3, SQL*Net -> Net8, primary key snapshot	8.0.6.3	1997	2001 (2003 ES)
Oracle 7.3	Unsupp.	Very stable, Temporary tablespaces, Bitmap indexes, UTL_FILE package, DBMS_JOB, multithreading, Spatial Option *Desupport: SQLNet v.1, sqldba**	7.3.4.5	1996	2000 (2002 ES)	Suggested 7.3.4
Oracle 7.2	Unsupp.	Subquery in FROM clause, features x DBA (resizeable datafile, rollback segment shrink)		1995
Oracle 7.1	Unsupp.	Parellel query, Server Manager, Advanced replication		1994
Oracle 7.0	Unsupp.	Stored procedures and triggers, Integrity constraints (enforcement), cost-based optimizer, SQLNet v.2 with 2PC and MTS, Snapshots Desupport: SQLForms v.2.3**		1992
Oracle 6.0	Unsupp.	Row level locking, PL-SQL, Integrity constraints (declaration), new architecture (B*Tree, tablespaces, rollback segments, redo logs) (6.2): Parallel Server Option		1988
Oracle 5.1	Unsupp.	Stable, distribuited query		1986
Oracle 5.0	Unsupp.	Fully featured SQL, transaction support, SQL*Net		1985
Oracle 4	Unsupp.	Several porting, read consistency		1984
Oracle 3	Unsupp.	Rewritten in C language, COMMIT		1981
Oracle 2	Unsupp.	First commercial RDBMS, written in PDP-11 Assembly, basic SQL, CONNECT BY		1979

Oracle quaterly pubblishes a PSU (Patch Set Updates) for Enterprise Edition and Standard edition software (ID 1454618.1 2118136.2) that adds a fifth number to the Oracle version and is strongly suggested. Patching is performed with the OPatch java utility. Other Oracle patches are CPU (Critical Patch Updates and security alerts), Security Patch Update (SPU) and Bundle patches (for engineered systems like Exadata and ODA). Windows systems use Bundle Patches too.
Since 12c Proactive Bundle Patch (DBBP) have been introduced [NdA DBBP >> PSU], and with 12cR2 Release Updates (RU) and Release Update Revisions (RUR) have been introduced. RURs will no longer be provided for 19.17.0 and above and are partially replaced by Monthly Recommended Patches (MRPs) available for Linux x86-64 platform only.
Lastest RU/PSU are (2025-01-21): 21.17.0.0.0, 19.26.0.0.0; (2024-10-15): 21.16.0.0.0, 19.25.0.0.0; (2024-07-16): 21.15.0.0.0, 19.24.0.0.0; (2024-04-16): 21.14.0.0.0, 19.23.0.0.0; (2024-01-16): 21.13.0.0.0, 19.22.0.0.0; (2023-10-17): 21.12.0.0.0, 19.21.0.0.0; (2023-07-18): 21.11.0.0.0, 19.20.0.0.0; (2023-04-18): 21.10.0.0.0, 19.19.0.0.0; (2023-01-18): 21.9.0.0.0, 19.18.0.0.0; (2022-10-18): 21.8.0.0.0, 19.17.0.0.0, 12.1.0.2.221018; (2022-07-19): 21.7.0.0.0, 19.16.0.0.0, 12.1.0.2.220719; (2022-04-19): 21.6.0.0.0, 19.15.0.0.0, 12.1.0.2.220419; (2022-01-18): 21.5.0.0.0, 19.14.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.220118, 12.1.0.2.220118; (2021-10-19): 21.4.0.0.0, 19.13.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.211019, 12.1.0.2.211019; (2021-07-20): 19.12.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.210720, 12.1.0.2.210720; (2021-04-20): 19.11.0.0.0, 18.14.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.210420, 12.1.0.2.210420; (2021-01-19): 19.10.0.0.0, 18.13.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.210119, 12.1.0.2.210119; (2020-10-20): 19.9.0.0.0, 18.12.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.201020, 12.1.0.2.201020, 11.2.0.4.201020; (2020-07-14): 19.8.0.0.0, 18.11.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.200714, 12.1.0.2.200714, 11.2.0.4.200714; (2020-04-14): 19.7.0.0.0, 18.10.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.200414, 12.1.0.2.200414, 11.2.0.4.200414; (2020-01-14): 19.6.0.0.0, 18.9.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.200114, 12.1.0.2.200114, 11.2.0.4.200114; (2019-10-15): 19.5.0.0.0, 18.8.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.191015, 12.1.0.2.191015, 11.2.0.4.191015; (2019-07-16): 19.4.0.0.0, 18.7.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.190716, 12.1.0.2.190716, 11.2.0.4.190716; (2019-04-16): 19.3.0.0.0, 18.6.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.190416, 12.1.0.2.190416, 11.2.0.4.190416; (2019-01-15): 18.5.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.190115, 12.1.0.2.190115, 11.2.0.4.190115; (2018-10-16): 18.4.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.181016, 12.1.0.2.181016, 11.2.0.4.181016; (2018-07-17): 18.3.0.0.0, 12.2.0.1.180717, 12.1.0.2.180717, 11.2.0.4.180717; (2018-04-17): 12.2.0.1.180417, 12.1.0.2.180417, 11.2.0.4.180417; (2018-01-16): 12.2.0.1.180116, 12.1.0.2.180116, 11.2.0.4.180116; (2017-10-17): 12.2.0.1.171017, 12.1.0.2.171017, 11.2.0.4.171017; (2017-07-18): 12.2.0.1.170718, 12.1.0.2.170718, 11.2.0.4.170718; (2017-06-20): 12.2.0.1.170620 (Proactive Bundle Patch for x86-64); (2017-04-18): 12.1.0.2.170418, 11.2.0.4.170418; (2017-01-17): 12.1.0.2.170117, 11.2.0.4.161018 (11.2.0.4.170117 is OJVM only); 12.1.0.1.160719, 11.2.0.3.15, 11.1.0.7.24, 10.2.0.5.19, ...

Next updates are expected on: 2024-10-15, 2025-01-21, 2025-04-15, 2025-07-15, ...

Oracle RDBMS (supported versions)

The previous table is my favourite reference... but it is not official one. The following tables are derived more directly from Oracle support site that is the official reference.
(Sources: Metalink note 161818.1 Metalink note 742060.1)

Release	Current Patch Set	Next Patch Set	Available since	Premier Support Ends	Extended Support Ends	Patching Ends	Waived ES Ends	Notes
21c	21		2019-02	2024-04	NA	2023-06		Innovation Release
19c	19		2019-02	2025-04	2027-04	2026-03		LTS
18c	18.14	19	2018-02	2021-06	NA	2021-06
12.2.0.1	12.2.0.1	18 (was 12.2.0.2)	2016-11	2020-11	NA	2020-11		Released first on Cloud.
12.1.0.X	12.1.0.2	None	2013-07	2018-07	2022-07	2021-07	2019-07	Base release is 12.1.0.1.
11.2.0.X	11.2.0.4	None	2009-09	2015-01	2020-12	2020-12	2018-12	Base release is 11.2.0.1. 11.2 Patch Sets are a full release
11.1.0.X	11.1.0.7	None	2007-08	2012-08	2015-08			Base release is 11.1.0.6
10.2.0.X	10.2.0.5	None	2005	2010-07	2013-07			Limited ES: 2015-07
10.1.0.X	10.1.0.5	None	2003	2009-01	2012-01
9.2.0.X	9.2.0.8	None	2002	2007-07	2010-07			Limited ES: 2012-07

The Oracle Support Policy is a bit complex (Lifetime Support Stages): Premier Support, Extended Support (extra-cost but can be waived for a period or for certain usage [NdA EBS, SAP]), Limited Extended Support, Sustaining Support, Unsupported... but also Market Driven Support. Patching can vary and also the release availability (eg. for different platforms)...

Oracle RDBMS (unsupported versions)

Release	Terminal Patch Set	Error Correction Support Ends	Extended Maintenence Support Ends	Notes
9.0.1.X	9.0.1.4 (9.0.1.5 for iAS)	31-Dec-2003	No ES.	9.0.1.4 is the terminal general use 9.0 patch set. Fixes only possible for iAS infrastructure instances on 9.0.1.5.
8.1.7.X	8.1.7.4	31-Dec-2004 for strategic platforms 31-Dec-2003 for other platforms (Novell NetWare ended 31-Jan-2003)	31-Dec-2006 for strategic platforms 31-Dec-2005 (or earlier) for others (No ES for Novell NetWare)	8.1.7.4 is the final Patch Set for 8.1.7. The desupport date was extended to 31-Dec-2004 for customers on strategic platforms. The ES dates have numerous exceptions. You are strongly advised to refer to the current Desupport Notice.
8.1.6.X	8.1.6.3	31-Oct-2001 Extended to 01-Jun-2002 for E-Business Suite Customers only.	No ES	ES is NOT available.
8.1.5.X	8.1.5.1	01-Jan-2001	No ES	8.1.5.1 exists on Solaris / NT / SNI / SGI only
8.0.6.X	8.0.6.3	30-Sep-2001	ES ended 30-Sep-2003	Fixes only possible for customers with E-Business Suite (in Server Partitioned mode). Must be on 8.0.6.3
8.0.5.X	8.0.5.2	OpenVMS 31-Mar-2001 HPUX 64 bit 01-Jan-2001 AIX 64 bit 01-Jan-2001 Other platforms 30-June-2000	No ES
8.0.4.X	8.0.4.4	31-Mar-2000	No ES	OS/390 was desupported 01-Nov-2000
8.0.3.X	8.0.3.2	31-Mar-1999	No ES
7.3.4.X	7.3.4.5	31-Dec-2000	ES ended 31-Dec-2002	ES has ended

Upgrading Oracle can be a complex task. The RDBMS upgrade generally is smooth (eg. upgrade assistant, manual upgrade, new DB and then exp/imp), the difficulty is to upgrade the applications using Oracle (eg. desupported features, old SQL*Net versions, ...). Oracle documentation is very good (eg. Oracle 11g R2 Behavior Changes).

One of the best options to migrate is to create a new database and perform a logical export and import of data. EXP/IMP can be used to migrate from 5.1 (1986) up to 12g R1. The export must be performed with the right client version tool (EXP/IMP supported matrix):

From / To	8.1.7	9.2.0	10.1.0	10.2.0	11.1.0	11.2.0	12.1.0	12.2.0
5.x	EXP5x	EXP5x	EXP5x	EXP5x	EXP5x	EXP5x	EXP5x	EXP5x
6.x	EXP6x	EXP6x	EXP6x	EXP6x	EXP6x	EXP6x	EXP6x	EXP6x
7.x	EXP7x	EXP7x	EXP7x	EXP7x	EXP7x	EXP7x	EXP7x	EXP7x
8.0.x	EXP80x	EXP80x	EXP80x	EXP80x	EXP80x	EXP80x	EXP80x	EXP80x
8.1.x	EXP81x	EXP81x	EXP81x	EXP81x	EXP81x	EXP81x	EXP81x	EXP81x
9.0.1	EXP817	EXP901	EXP901	EXP901	EXP901	EXP901	EXP901	EXP901
9.2.0	EXP817	EXP920	EXP920	EXP920	EXP920	EXP920	EXP920	EXP920
10.1.0	EXP817	EXP920	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp
10.2.0	No	EXP920	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp
11.1.0, 11.2.0	No	EXP920	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp
12.1.0, 12.2.0	No	EXP920	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp	expdp

EXPDP/IMPDP should be used from 10g. The export datapump must be performed with the right VERSION parameter and following this (compatibility matrix):

Client tool / DB version	10.1	10.2	11.1	11.2	12.1	12.2	18c	19c	21c	23ai
10.1	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
10.2	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
11.1	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
11.2	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
12.1	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
12.2	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
18c	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
19c	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
21c	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
23ai	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

Oracle RDBMS/Linux Short Certification Matrix
(Source: Metalink note 1304727.2 )
Since using Oracle Linux as hosting operating system for Oracle RDBMS is a common choice the following table can be useful:

OS / DB

Oracle Database Version

Oracle Linux Version

23ai

21c

19c

18c

12.2

12.1

11.2

11.1

10.2

10.1

9.2

OL 9

Yes

OL 8

Yes

Yes (11.2.0.4)

OL 7

Yes

Yes (11.2.0.4)

OL 6

Yes

Yes (11.2.0.3+)

Yes (Exadata only)

OL 5

Yes

OL 4

Yes

Be careful with platform (x86_64 vs x86) and kernel (UEK vs RHCK) certifications too; x86_64 and UEK are to be preferred anyway.

Oracle/Unix Certification Matrix
(Sources: Metalink note 169706.1 Metalink note 1304727.2 )
For Oracle 12c or newer see below. Both OS and virtualization/partitioning solution should be certified by Oracle. For Hypervisor certification see this document



Oracle Version
11.2
11.1
10.2
10.1
9.2.0
9.0.1
8.1.7
8.1.6
8.1.5
8.0.6
8.0.5


AIX OS

AIX 5L V5.3 TL 09 SP1 or higher, 64 bit kernel

AIX 6.1 TL 02 SP1 or higher, 64-bit kernel

AIX 7.1 TL 00 SP1 or higher, 64-bit kernel

AIX 6.1L, AIX 5L version 5.3, TL 05, Service
 Pack 06, AIX 6L version 6.1, TL 00, Service 
Pack 04 or later 
5.2 ML4 or higher, 5.3 ML2 or higher, 6.1
For AIX 6.1, only 10.2.0.3 or higher are certified
CRS with 10.2.0.4 or higher require AIX 5.3 TL5 or higher
5.2 ML1 or higher, 5.3
o 4.3.3 (64bit only)

 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 (5L)(64bit only)
4.3.3 (64bit)
o 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit)

 5.1, 5.2 (5L) (32bit) [patch 2896876 is required if kernel is running in 64bit mode]

 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)
4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32 or 64bit)
o 4.2.1 , 4.3.0, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit) 

 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)
o 4.2.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit)

 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)
o 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.2.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit) 

 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)


HP OS

HP-UX 11i V3 patch Bundle Sep/ 2008 (B.11.31.0809.326a) or higher
11.23 and 11.31 (Itanium,PA-RISC) 
11.11 (PA-RISC) (64bit)

11.23 (PA-RISC) (64bit)

11.23, 11.31 (PA-RISC / Itanium / IPF)
11.11 (PA-RISC) (64bit)

11.23 (PA-RISC) (64bit)

11.23, 11.31 (IA64 - Itanium)

11.0 (64bit)

11.11 (64bit)

11.23 (PA-RISC) (64bit)

11.31 (PA-RISC) (64bit)(10/30)

11.22, 11.23, 11.31 (IA64 - Itanium)

11.0 (64bit)

11.11 (64bit)
11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)
11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)
11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)
10.20 (32bit)

11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)
10.20 (32bit)

11.0 (32 or 64)


Oracle Solaris

Solaris(64bit) 10 (update 6 or higher), Solaris 11

On Solaris 11, only 11.2.0.3 is certified 

export AWT_TOOLKIT=XToolkit
2.9 Update 7 (09/04), 2.10
2.8 Update 7 (02/02), 2.9 Update 6 (04/04), 2.10 (64bit)

Solaris 10 on x86_64
Solaris SPARC 2.8, 2.9 (64bit)

 Solaris SPARC 10 (64bit) requires 10.1.0.3.0 patchset

 Solaris x86 2.9, 10
o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (32bit)

 Solaris 10 (32bit) requires 9.2.0.4.0 patchset

 2.8, 2.9 (64bit)

 Solaris 10 (64bit) requires 9.2.0.5.0 patchset
o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (32bit)

 2.8, 2.9 (64bit)
o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (32bit)

 2.8, 2.9 (64bit)
o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 (32bit)

 2.7, 2.8 (64bit)
2.6, 2.7, 2.8 (32bit)

 2.7 (64bit)
2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8
2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8


Oracle Version
11.2
11.1
10.2
10.1
9.2.0
9.0.1
8.1.7
8.1.6
8.1.5
8.0.6
8.0.5


Linux x86_64 EM64T AMD64 OS



 RHEL4,OEL4 - update 7 or greater

 RHEL5,OEL5 - 5.2 or greater

 RHEL6,OEL6 - 6.0 or greater

 SLES10 - Kernel 2.6.16.21-0.8 or greater

 SLES11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater

 Asianux Server 3 SP2



On Asianux Server 4, only 11.2.0.3 is certified

On RHEL6/OEL6, only 11.2.0.3 is certified

On RHEL7/OEL7, only 11.2.0.4 is certified

On RHEL8/OEL8, only 11.2.0.4 is certified

Asianux 2.0, [Red Hat,Oracle] Enterprise Linux 4.0:

2.6.9

Asianux Server 3, [Red Hat,Oracle] Enterprise Linux 5.0:

2.6.18

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10:

2.6.16.21

SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:

2.6.27.19-5 or greater 


Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL 3 ) AS/ES (Update 4 or later)

2.4.21-27.EL

 RHEL4 AS/ES (Update 1 or later) or OEL4

2.6.9-11.EL

 RHEL5 AS/ES or OEL5

2.6.18-8 or higher

 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 (SLES9) with SP2 or later

2.6.5-7.201

 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (SLES10)

  2.6.16.21-0.8 (or later)

 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (SLES11)

  2.6.27.19-5 or greater

 Asianux 2.0


Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0 (Update 2 or higher)

  2.4.21-15.EL

 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or higher)

  2.6.9-11.EL smp 

 SuSE SLES8 (Service Pack 3 or higher)

  2.4.21-185-smp

 SuSE SLES9

  2.6.5-7.97

 Asianux 1.0

  requires 10.1.0.3


Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0

  2.4.21-9

 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4.0

  minimum patchset level is 9.2.0.7.0

 SuSE SLES8

  2.4.21-185

 SuSE SLES9

  9.2.0.6 Required - needed for EM64T patch 4261532 patch 4233179









Linux x86 OS



 RHEL4,OEL4 - Update 7 or greater which is Kernel 2.6.9-78 or newer

 RHEL5, OEL5 - 5.2 or greater which is Kernel 2.6.18-92 or newer

 SLES10 - Kernel 2.6.16.21 or higher

 SLES 11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater

 Asianux Server 3 SP2



On Asianux Server 4, only 11.2.0.3 is certified

On RHEL6/OEL6, only 11.2.0.3 is certified


 RHEL4, OEL4, Asianux 2.0

  2.6.9

 RHEL5, OEL5, Asianux Server 3

  2.6.18

 SuSE SLES10

  2.6.16.21

 SuSE SLES11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater


RHEL 3 AS/ES ( RHEL3 ) (Update 4 or later)

  2.4.21-27.EL or higher

 RHEL 4 AS/ES ( RHEL4 ) and Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 ( OEL4 )

  2.6.9-5.0.5.EL or higher

 RHEL 5 AS/ES ( RHEL5 ) and Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 ( OEL5 )

  2.6.18-8 or higher

 SuSE SLES9

  2.6.5-7.201 or higher

 SuSE SLES10

 SuSE SLES11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater

 Asianux 1.0

  2.4.21-27.EL or higher

 Asianux 2.0

  2.6.9-5.0.5.EL or higher


RHEL AS/ES 2.1 (Update 3 or higher)

  2.4.9-e34 or higher

 RHEL AS/ES 3.0 (Update 2 or higher)

  2.4.21-15.EL or higher

 RHEL4 (10.1.0.3.0 patchset required)

 SuSE SLES8 (Service Pack 3 or higher)

  2.4.21-138

 SuSE SLES9

  2.6.5-7.5

 Red Flag Advanced Server 4.0 (China only)

 Miracle Linux Std Ed 2.1 (Japan only)

 Asianux 1.0


Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 2.1

  2.4.9-e34 or higher

 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0

  2.4.21-15

 RHEL4 (9.2.0.6.0 patchset required or 9.2.0.5.0 patchset and Patch 4276910 required)

 SuSE SLES8

  2.4.21-138

 SuSE SLES9

  2.6.5-7.97

 United Linux 1.0 (SP3 or higher)

 Red Flag DC Server 4.0 (China and Hong Kong only)

 Monta Vista Carrier Grade Linux 3.0 (embedded)

 Miracle Linux Std Ed 2.1 (Japan only)

  2.4.7 

 Asianux 1.0

Caldera OU8+LKP, Red Hat 7.1, Advanced Server 2.1, SuSE 7.1, 7.2, SLES7, Kernel 2.4.4
Caldera OU8+LKP, Miracle 1.0, 2.0, Red Hat 6.1,6.2, EE 6.2, 7.0, 7.1, Advanced Server 2.1, SuSE 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 
SLES7, Kernel 2.2.16
Miracle 1.0, Red Hat 6.0,6.1,6.2, EE 6.2, SuSE 6.3, 6.4, 7.0, VA 6.2, Kernel 2.2
Red Hat 6.2, EE 6.2, SuSE 6.3, 6.4, Kernel 2.2
Red Hat 6.2, SuSE 6.4, 7.0, Kernel 2.0.34
2.0.34



Oracle Version
11.2
11.1
10.2
10.1
9.2.0
9.0.1
8.1.7
8.1.6
8.1.5
8.0.6
8.0.5


Linux Itanium OS


Not Available
Not Available

RHEL AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or higher)

  2.4.21-20.EL

 RHEL AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or higher)

  2.6.9-11.EL

 SuSE SLES9 (SP2 or higher)

  2.6.5-199

 SuSE SLES-10

 RHEL 5.0 (Note 748378.1)

  2.6.18-8 or higher



RHEL AS/ES 2.1 (Update 6 or higher)

  2.4.18-e52

 RHEL AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or higher)

  2.4.21-27.EL

 RHEL AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or higher)

  2.6.9-11.EL.smp

 Red Flag Advanced Server 4.0 for Itanium 2 (China and Hong Kong only)

 SuSE SLES8 (SP4 or later)

  2.4.21-278

 SuSE SLES9 (SP1 or later)

  2.6.5-7.139



Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 2.1

  2.4.18-e.14

 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0

 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4.0

  2.6.9-11

 SuSE SLES8

 SuSE SLES9

 United Linux 1.0

 Red Flag Advanced Server 4.0 for Itanium 2 (China and Hong Kong only)

  2.4.18-e14.ia64.rpm










Linux on 64-bit zSeries

Note:1306889.1 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 on RHEL 5


Note:1290644.1 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 64-bit on SLES 11

Note:1308859.1 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 on SLES 10


Not available

Note:415182.1 DB Install Requirements Quick Reference - zSeries based Linux


Note:415182.1 DB Install Requirements Quick Reference - zSeries based Linux



Oracle Version
11.2
11.1
10.2
10.1
9.2.0
9.0.1
8.1.7
8.1.6
8.1.5
8.0.6
8.0.5


Linux on Power PC OS


Not Available
Not Available

o Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 5.0 (Update 1 or later)

2.6.18-53.el5

 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or later)

2.6.9-11.EL

 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0

2.6.5-7.191-pseries64

 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0

 Asianux 2.0











Tru64 OS

Not Available
Not Available
5.1b
5.1b
5.1a, 5.1b
5.0a, 5.1, 5.1a, 5.1b
4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1, 5.1a, 5.1b(EV5.6 processor or higher) do '/usr/sbin/psrinfo -v'
4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1
4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1
4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1, 5.1a
4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a


Mac OS X
Not Available
Not Available
Mac OS X Server 10.5.4 (Intel x86-64)
Only 10.2.0.4 is available and certified only on Mac OS X Server 10.5.4 (Intel x86-64)


Mac OS X Server 10.4(PowerPC)
Mac OS X Server 10.3.9(PowerPC)
Mac OS X Server 10.3.6(PowerPC)

For Oracle 12c less Operating Systems and platforms are supported, all use 64-bit architectures (Source: Metalink note 1587357.1)
OEL7 is certified for 12.1.0.2 only with both UEK and RH kernels (Source: Metalink note 1304727.1)

For Oracle 12c R2 on premise several platforms are supported (Sources: Metalink note 742060.1 Release Schedule Metalink note 1304727.1 Linux Certification for 12cR2 )

Oracle Client/Server Interoperability Matrix
(Source: Metalink note 207303.1)

Client / Server

Server Version

Client Version

23ai

21c

19c

12.2, 18c

12.1.0

11.2.0

11.1.0

10.2.0

10.1.0

9.2.0

9.0.1

8.1.7

8.1.6

8.1.5

8.0.6

8.0.5

7.3.4

23ai

Yes

21c

Yes

Was

Yes

19c

Yes

Was

Yes

18c

Was

12.2.0

Was

12.1.0

Yes

Was

Yes

Was

11.2.0

Yes

Was

Yes

Was

11.1.0

Was

10.2.0

Was

10.1.0

Was

9.2.0

Was

9.0.1

Was

8.1.7

Was

8.1.6

Was

8.1.5

Was

8.0.6

Was

8.0.5

Was

7.3.4

Was

Unsupported combinations may appear to work with tricks (eg. ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER). JDBC connections are less version specific. There are interoperability bugs that require a specific patch sometimes.
For database links, connections must be supported in BOTH directions in the matrix.

Oracle SQL*Net/NetX
(Source: Metalink note 1003522.6)

Database Release	7.1.4	7.1.5	7.1.6	7.2.2	7.2.3	7.3.2	7.3.3	7.3.4	8.x / ...
SQL*Net	2.1.4	2.1.5	2.1.6	2.2.2	2.2.3	2.3.2	2.3.3	2.3.4	n/a
Oracle Names server	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1	2.0	2.0.2	2.0.3	2.0.4	8.x
Oracle Advanced Networking Option	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	2.3.2	2.3.3	2.3.4	8.0.x
Oracle Advanced Security	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	8.1.x
Secure Network Services1	1.0.1	1.0.2	1.0.3	1.1	2.0	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Net8 / NetX	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	8.x

SQL*Net 1 Client can work with V.6 and V.7 Oracle RDBMS. SQL*Net 2 Client can NOT work with V.6 Oracle RDBMS.
This table is related to very old Oracle versions, newer releases are reported in previous table.

Oracle JDBC thin driver
(Source: Metalink note 401934.1, JDBC FAQ, Download page)

JDK	Driver File Name	Since (Oracle Version)	Up to (Oracle Version)	Date (from)	Note
11-15	ojdbc11.jar	21c		2019-04	JDK 11, JDBC 4.3
10-11	ojdbc10.jar	19.3		2019-04	JDK 10, JDBC 4.3
1.8	ojdbc8.jar	12.2		2017-03	JDK 1.8
1.7/1.8	ojdbc7.jar	12g	12g	2013-07	JDK 1.7, JDBC 4.1; JDK 1.8
1.6/1.7	ojdbc6.jar	11g	12.1	2007-08 2011-09	JDK 1.6, JDBC 4.0 almost full support (no SQLXML) JDK 1.7 for 11.2.0.3 and succ.
1.5	ojdbc5.jar	10.2	11.2	2005	JDK 1.5, JDBC 3.0 full support
1.4/1.5	ojdbc14.jar	10.2	10.2	2005	JDBC 3.0 full support
1.4	ojdbc14.jar	9.2	10.2	2002	JDBC 3.0 partial support: transaction savepoints, global/local transactions
1.2/1.3	classes12.zip / .jar	9.2	10.2	2002	jar from 9.2.0.7
1.2	classes12.zip	8.1.6	10.2	1999	Core JDBC, JDBC 2.0 Extensions: Connection Pooling, JDBC-XA (no "recover()")
1.1	classes111.zip	7.3.4	9.2	1996

Oracle JDBC thin drivers are generally backward and forward compatible. More infos in this document .

Exadata

Oracle Exadata is an engineered system optimized for Oracle RDBMS with custom storage modules.
Exadata configurations can vary a lot between models. Exadata generally hosts very large OLTP or DWH databases.

(Sources: Oracle, Decision-maker Guide, FlashDBA history, Wikipedia)

Model	Features	Date (from)
X10	Based on new 4^th gen AMD EPYC processor. Scalable licensing: minimum 14 cores. Database servers: X10M: 4th-generation AMD 96-core, 512GB RAM (expandable to 3TB), PCIe 5, XRMEM. Installed from 8th to full rack. Storage Servers: High Capacity (HC), Extreme Flash (EF), Extended (XT), Expantion Rack (XT).	2023-06
X9	Database servers: X9M-2: Xeon 8358 2.6GHz 2-socket 32-core x86, 512GB RAM (expandable to 2TB), 2 x 100Gb RoCE Fabric, Persistent Memory. Installed from 8th to full rack. Storage Servers: High Capacity (HC): 256GB RAM, 1.5TB PM (Persistent Memory), 12x 18TB 7,200 RPM disks, 4x 6.4TB Flash; Extreme Flash (EF): 256GB RAM, 1.5TB PM, 8x 6.4TB Flash; Extended (XT): 96GB RAM, 12x 18TB 7,200 RPM disks; High Capacity (XT): 256GB RAM, 768GB PM, 6x 18TB 7,200 RPM disks, 2x 6.4TB Flash.	2021-09
X8	Database servers: X8-2: 1RU 8260 2.4GHz 2-socket 24-core x86, 384GB RAM (expandable to 1.5TB); X8-8: 5RU 8268 2.9GHz 8-socket 24-core x86, 3TB RAM (expandable to 6TB). X8M (2019-09): KVM support, 100 Gb/s internal fabric, Persistent Memory	2019-04
X7	Database servers: X7-2: two 24-core x86, 384GB RAM (expandable to 1.5TB); X7-8: 8-socket 24-core x86, 3TB RAM (expandable to 6TB).	2017-10
X6	Database servers: X6-2: two 22-core x86, 256GB RAM (expandable to 768GB); X6-8: 8 socket 144-core x86, 2TB RAM (expandable to 6TB). Storage Servers: High Capacity (HC): 4x PCI Flash cards with 3.2 TB Flash Cache and 12x 8TB 7,200 RPM disks; Extreme Flash (EF): 8x PCI Flash with 3.2 TB.	2016-04
X5	X5-2 available as eighth, quarter, half, or full rack. Full rack: 8x 2-socket Xeon E5-2699 v3 (18 core, 2.7Ghz) 256-768GB RAM database servers, 14 Oracle Exadata Storage Servers, InfiniBand switches, 89.6TB Smart Flash Cache+118 4T Disks or 112 1.6TB Flash Drives).	2015-02
X4	X4-2 available as eighth, quarter, half, or full rack with scalable licensing. Full rack: 8x 2-socket Xeon E5-2697 v2 (12 core, 2.7Ghz) 256-512GB RAM database servers, 14 Oracle Exadata Storage Servers, InfiniBand switches, 44 TB Smart Flash Cache). X4-8 full rack only: 2x 8-socket Xeon E7-8895 (15-core, 2.8Ghz) 2-6TB RAM database servers, 14 Oracle Exadata Storage Servers, InfiniBand switches, 44 TB Smart Flash Cache.	2013-12
X3	New processors and an increased flash: X3-2 (8x 2 CPU Xeon E5-2690 8 core, 2.9Ghz, 256GB RAM) and X3-8 (x2 8 Xeon E7-8870 10 core 2.4Ghz 2TB RAM)	2012-09
X2	Two versions: X2-8 (2 DB servers 8 sockets X7560 8 cores 2.3Ghz) and X2-2 (8 DB servers 2 sockets Xeon X5675 6 core, 3.07Ghz).	2010-09
v2	On Sun/Oracle HW (Xeon E5540 4 core, 2.5Ghz). 5TB of Flash memory. RBMS 11g R2.	2009-09
v1	First release running on HP hardware. Full rack system with 8 database nodes, 14 Exadata storage servers (or cells) and the Infiniband network	2008-09

Exadata manteniance requires expert advice and is commonly managed by Oracle Consultancy itself. There are specific patches for Exadata systems [last: 2024-09 Exadata System Software 24.1.4.0.0 Update (36988840) (Doc ID 3038004.1)].

It is also important to notice that Exadata systems are also available in Cloud and in hybrid environments: Exadata Database Service on dedicated infrastructure in OCI, Cloud@Customer, @Azure (2023-12), @Google Cloud (2024-06), Exascale (2024-07), ...

ODA

Oracle Database Appliance (ODA) is an Oracle engineered system optimized for Oracle RDBMS.
ODA configuration and manteniance is straightforward. ODA targets are small or medium databases.

(Sources: Oracle, ODA for dummies

, Appliance Manager Support, Wikipedia)

Model	Features	Date (from)	Date (last order)	Date (manager support)
X10-2	Two 2U models, EE xor SE2 licenses, no RAC/HA option: X10-S: 1xCPU AMD EPYC 9334 (32 core, 3.9GHz), 256GB RAM (expandable to 768GB), 13.6TB NVMe raw. X10-L: 2xCPU AMD EPYC 9334 (32 core, 3.9GHz), 512GB RAM (expandable to 1.5TB), 13.6TB NVMe expandable to 54.4TB raw. Two nodes on 8U: X10-HA (HA): 2 2U X9-2L + 4U SE3-24 storage shelf. Each server with 2xCPU AMD EPYC 9334 (32 core, 3.9GHz), 512GB RAM (expandable to 1.5TB); 46TB SSD Flash/Data, multiple expansion/configuration options.	2023-09
X9-2	Two 2U models, EE xor SE2 licenses, no RAC/HA option: X9-2S: 1xCPU Xeon Silver 4314 (16 core, 2.4GHz), 256GB RAM (expandable to 512GB), 13.6TB NVMe raw. X9-2L: 2xCPU Xeon Silver 4314 (16 core, 2.4GHz), 512GB RAM (expandable to 1TB), 13.6TB NVMe expandable to 81.6TB raw. Two nodes on 8U: X9-2-HA (HA): 2 2U X9-2L + 4U SE3-24 storage shelf. Each server with 2xCPU Xeon Silver 4314 (16 core, 2.4GHz), 512GB RAM (expandable to 1TB); 46TB SSD Flash/Data, multiple expansion/configuration options.	2022-06
X8-2	Two models on 2U, EE xor SE2 licenses, no RAC/HA option: X8-2S: 1xCPU Xeon Gold 5218 (16 core, 2.3GHz), 192GB RAM (expandable to 384GB), 12.8 TB NVMe (usable 6.4TB) not expandable. X8-2M: 2xCPU Xeon Gold 5218 (16 core, 2.3GHz), 384GB RAM (expandable to 768GB), 12.8 TB NVMe expandable to 76.8TB (usable 6.4TB - 38.4TB). Two nodes on 8U: X8-2-HA (HA): 2 servers with 2xCPU Xeon Gold 5218 (16 core, 2.3GHz), 384GB RAM (expandable to 768GB),46TB SSD Flash/Data, multiple expansion/configuration options up to 92TB SSD / 504TB HDD (raw), EE or SE2 (RAC also on SE2).	2019-10	2022-06	2027-08
X7-2	Two models on 1U, EE xor SE2 licenses, no RAC/HA option: X7-2S (Entry): 1xCPU Xeon Silver 4114 (10 core, 2.2GHz), 192GB RAM (expandable to 384GB), 12.8 TB NVMe (usable 5TB). X7-2M (Performance): 2xCPU Xeon Gold 6140 (18 core, 2.3GHz), 384GB RAM (expandable +192GB), 12.8 TB NVMe expandable to 51.2TB (usable 5TB - 20TB). Two nodes on 6U: X7-2-HA (HA): 2 servers with 2xCPU Xeon Gold 6140 (18 core, 2.3GHz), 384GB RAM (expandable to 768GB), 3TB SSD Redo, 16TB SSD Flash/Data, multiple expansion/configuration options: 60TB - 120TB (HD) or 6.4TB - 51.2TB (SSD), EE or SE2 (RAC also on SE2).	2017-10	2019-10	2025-02
X6-2	One node on 1U blade with 10GBase-T Public Network, 10GbE SFP+ Public Network, 6.4TB NVMe Flash Storage (expandable to 12.8TB). ODACLI/ODAADMCLI instead of OAKCLI. X6-2S (Entry): 1xCPU Xeon E5-2630 v4 (10 core, 2.2GHz), 128GB RAM (expandable to 384GB). X6-2M (Performance): 2xCPU Xeon E5-2630 v4 (10 core, 2.2GHz), 256GB RAM (expandable to 768GB). Note: EE xor SE2 licenses, no RAC/HA option (if You need HA use X5-2 or X6-2-HA), lower prices. (2016-10) X6-2L: 2U 1xCPU Xeon E5-2630 v4 (10 core, 2.2GHz), 256GB RAM (expandable to 768GB), 19TB NVMe Flash Storage (expandable to 28TB), EE xor SE2. X6-2-HA: 6U 2 servers with 2xCPU Xeon E5-2630 v4 (10 core, 2.2GHz), 256GB RAM (expandable to 768GB), 12TB SSD SAS (expandable to 48TB), EE only, RAC available.	2016-06	2017-11	2022-11
X5-2	6U rack mount. 2 blades with 2xCPU Xeon E5-2699 v3 (18 core, 2.3Ghz), 256GB RAM (expandable to 512GB), infiniband interconnect, 10-GbE external network. Storage: 16x 8TB SAS2 7.2K Disks, 4x 200GB SLD SSD (redo), 4x 400GB SSD (cache). ACFS metadata on SSD.	2015-02	2017-11	2022-11
X4-2	Evolution from X3-2: 2 blades with CPU Xeon E5-2697 v2 (12 core, 2.7Ghz), 10-GbE external network. Same as previuos model: 256GB RAM, 10-GbE interconnect, 20x 900GB SAS2 10K Disks, 4x 200GB SLD SSD (redo).	2013-12	2015-02	2020-04
X3-2	Named consistently with Exa systems. 4U rack mount with 2 blade servers and storage. Servers: 2 CPU Xeon E5-2690 (8 core, 2.9Ghz), 256GB RAM, 10GBase-T external network, 10-GbE interconnect. Storage: 20x 900GB SAS2 10K Disks, 4x 200GB SLD SSD (redo).	2013-03	2013-12	2019-03
v1	4U rack mount with disks in front and the 2 servers behind. Servers: 2 CPU Xeon X5675 (6 core, 3.0Ghz), 96GB RAM, 10GBase-T external network, 1GbE fibre interconnect. Storage: 20x 600GB SAS2 15K Disks triple or double (2.5) mirroring, 4x 73GB MLC SSD (redo). Software: Oracle Linux 5.x, Oracle RDBMS 11gR2, RAC.	2011-10	2013-03	2018-07

All HW model can be supported but only the last released one can be ordered. Some HW reached the last supported Appliance Manager release. Out of support models can be converted to generic x86 system using ODA-Persistivenes scripts. HW expansions are generally available only for the last released models.

On ODA systems software upgrades are performed appling a bundle patch that upgrades the firmware, the infrastructure, and the databases. Bundle patch are generally released one or two months after the PSU release.

(Source: Oracle DocID 888888.1 19c Support for ODA Engineered Systems Documentation ODACLI/OAKCLI )

Version	Date (from)	Features
19.20	2023-08	2023-07 RU. (19.20.1 2023-09): Support for X10 models, OL8.
19.19	2023-05	2023-04 RU. Final: X6
19.18	2023-02	2023-01 RU. Final: X5
19.17	2022-12	2022-10 RU.
19.16	2022-08	2022-07 RU. Final: Oracle 12.1.0.2
19.15	2022-05	2022-04 RU.
19.14	2022-02	2022-01 RU. Support for X9 models. Final: Oracle 12.2.0.1 Note: 12.1.0.2 is still supported
19.13	2022-01	Security enhancements: Multi-User Access, CIS compliance, ... 2021-10 RU. Final: OVM virtualization
19.12	2021-10	Oracle 21c on KVM only; 2021-07 RU.
19.11	2021-07	Oracle Homes on ACFS; 2021-04 RU. Final: Oracle 18c
19.10	2021-04	Support for KVM-based Database Systems; 2021-01 RU. Final: Oracle 11.2.0.4
19.7-19.9	2020	Fresh provisioning or upgrade from previous ODA 19.x.
19.6	2020-1Q	Fresh provisioning or upgrade from ODA 18.8.
18.8	2020-04	Final for ODA X4.
19.5	2019-11	X5-2 Models or sup. Fresh provisioning only. RU for DB/GI: 19.5.0.0.191015
18.7	2019-10	Oracle Database Appliance X8-2S, X8-2M, and X8-2-HA support. PSU/BP/RU for DB/GI: 18.7.0.0.190716, 12.2.0.1.190716, 12.1.0.2.190716, 11.2.0.4.190716 (available also 18.6/12/11 190416)
18.5	2019-05	Out-of-cycle patching. Final for ODA X3-2. PSU/BP/RU for DB/GI: 18.5.0.0.190115, 12.2.0.1.190115, 12.1.0.2.190115, 11.2.0.4.190115
18.3	2019-01	Support for 18.3 Oracle RDBMS. X5-2, X4-2, X3-2 migrate to odacli. oakcli for virtualized deployment only.
12.2.1.4	2018-07	PSU/BP/RU 180417. Last 12.2.x ODA bundle version. Final for ODA v1
12.2.1.3	2018-05	PSU/BP/RU 180116. OL 6.9, OVM 3.4.4.
18.1.0.0	2018-03	X7 and X6 only; 18.1.1.0.0 Database only. ODA 18.1.0.0.0 is not part of the ODA patch cycle.
12.2.1.2	2018-02	PSU/BP/RU 170814, 12gR2 support. OS Kernel is not updated. OL 6.8. Two stacks (ODACLI/DCS). OVM on X7-2-HA (on OAKCLI stack).
12.2.1.1	2017-12	X7/X6 only. PSU 170814, 12gR2 support, new stack with KVM support (no Hard Partitioning). Not available: OVM, 11.2.0.3.
12.1.2.12	2017-10	PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.170814, 11.2.0.4.170814, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.170814.
12.1.2.11	2017-06	Update UEK2 to UEK4. PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.170418, 11.2.0.4.170418, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.170418.
12.1.2.10	2017-02	X6-2-HA VM template support. PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.170117, 11.2.0.4.161018, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.170117.
12.1.2.9	2016-12	OEL 6.8. PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.161018, 11.2.0.4.161018, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.161018.
12.1.2.8	2016-09	PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.160719, 11.2.0.4.160719, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.160719. This bundle requires 12.1.2.6 (again). (12.1.2.8.1 2016-10) X6-2-HA
12.1.2.7	2016-06	PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.160419, 11.2.0.4.160419, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.160419. As always: ILOM, BIOS, Controller, Expander, disk firmwares, ... upgrades. This bundle requires 12.1.2.6. X6-2S and X6-2M.
12.1.2.6	2016-02	OS upgrade from OEL 5.11 to 6.7. PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.160119, 11.2.0.4.160119, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.160119. This bundle does not upgrade: ILOM, BIOS, Controller, Expander, disk firmwares! This bundle requires 12.1.2.5 for Infra and GI; install one node at a time with --local option.
12.1.2.5	2015-10	PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.5, 11.2.0.4.8, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.5
12.1.2.4	2015-08	PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.4, 11.2.0.4.7, 11.2.0.3.15. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.4
12.1.2.3	2015-05	PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.3, 11.2.0.4.6, 11.2.0.3.14. Infrastructure: 12.1.0.2.3
12.1.2.2	2015-02	X5-2 full support (infiniband, SSD for datafile). Common flash cache (unique to ODA). PSU updates: RDBMS 12.1.0.2.2, 11.2.0.4.5, ... Enhanced Python STIG script
12.1.2.1	2014-11	OEL 5.10 UEK2 update, OVM 3.2.8 update. PSU updates
12.1.2.0	2014-09	RDBMS 11.2.0.4.3, OEL 5.10, GI/RDBMS 12.1.0.2, creation of container databases from oakcli. Oracle 12c databases on ACFS
2.10	2014-05	GI/RDBMS 11.2.0.4.2
2.9	2014-03	Patches
2.8	2013-11	Support for X4-2. vLAN support
2.7	2013-07	UEK2, OVM 3.2.3
2.6	2013-04	SAP deployment option
2.5	2013-01	The ODA can host a virtual configuration based on OVM (3.1.1). DB is hosted in a special Domain called ODA_BASE.
2.4	2012-11	ASM supports normal redundancy
2.3	2012-07
2.2	2012-04	GI/RDBMS 11.2.0.3, OEL 5.8
2.1	2012-02

OAS: Oracle Application Server - Oracle Fusion Middleware

Oracle Application Server (OAS) is an environment in which complex enterprise web applications can be deployed.
OAS and Bea WebLogic are now integrated in Oracle Fusion Middleware.

(Sources: Official Blog Download Support Policy Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
12c R2	Production	JSE 8, JEE 7, Servlet 3.1, EJB 3.2, JSP 2.3. Forms and BI have been integrated, Reports is integrated but deprecated. Multitenancy support. (12.2.1.3 2017-08): Secured Production Mode, Zero Downtime Patching, Service Restart In Place, Message Limit, new JDBS features for Oracle RDBMS 12.2. (12.2.1.4 2021-01): ADF REST framework versionsup to 7	12.2.1.4	2015-10	2023-12 (2025 ES)	Suggested
12c	Production	See also WebLogic Server. JSE 7, Full Java EE 6: Servlet 3.0, JAX-RS 1.1, Java Server Faces 2.2, EJB 3.1, JSP 2.2 (12.1.3): JSE 8	12.1.3	2011-12	2017-12 (2019 ES)
11.1.1	Production	Oracle Fusion Middleware; OHS2 11g/Apache 2.2	11.1.1.9	2009	2014-06 (2017 ES)
10.1.4	Production	Portal only WSRP	10.1.4			Suggested
10g R3	Production	J2EE only J2EE 1.4, EJB 3.0, ADF Struts 1.2, SOAP 1.1 and 1.2, Oblix, OHS 10.1.3/Apache 1.3.34	10.1.3	2006	2010 (2011 ES)
10g R2	Production	Very stable release, Forms, Portlets struts, HA migration, larger HW support (eg. AIX)	10.1.2.0.2	2006	2010 (2011 ES)	Suggested
10g SE	Production	SEO version	10.1.2.0.1
10g R2	Production	Stable release, JDK 1.5, Discoverer integration, farm topology, OHS 10.1.2/Apache 1.3.31	10.1.2	2005	2010 (2011 ES)
OAS 10g	Production	Optimized web cache, OHS 9.0.4/Apache 1.3.28; (9.0.4.1): OPatch	9.0.4.2	2003	2006 (2008 ES)
9iAS R2	Production	JDK 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 EJB 1.1, OC4J, OHS 9.0/Apache 1.3.22; (9.0.3): EJB 2.0	9.0.3.1	2002	2005 (2008 SS)
9i	Unsupported	OHS 1.0.2.2/Apache 1.3.19	1.0.2.2.2
iAS 8i	Unsupported	Apache (OHS 1.0/Apache 1.3), OSE (Oracle Servlet Engine), JVM within the RDBMS	1.0.2
1.0	Unsupported	Proprietary Web Server with DB extensions	3.1

Oracle Application Server is a complex environment because is composed by several products: web server, LDAP, Java Container, Metadata Repository, ... and can host different type of applications: Forms, Portlets, PL/SQL pages, ... generally developed with Oracle Developer.
The compatibility matrix for each version is quite complex (eg. 10g R2 version) and the upgrade guide is an entire book...
Recently Oracle Corp. acquired a lot of companies and middleware products... The new product line is called Oracle Fusion; version and compatibility matrix are a nightmare! This document contains Oracle Fusion support policies and introduces the "Sustained Support" that generally... never ends!

Oracle Developer

Oracle Developer is the name of the ample set of Oracle Development tools.

The relationships are complex because Oracle offers many tools and some of them 
(eg. Forms, Report, Developer, Designer) have a long successful stories and different release numbers
(eg. FORMS 4.5/5/6i/9i/10g/11g REPORTS 2.5/3/5/6i/9i/10g/11g).

Oracle Forms
(Source: Lifetime Support Policies)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Forms and Reports 12c	Production	See Oracle Fusion Middleware. BI-Publisher Integration, audio playback, client deployment, customizable logon, and single sign-on, custom color schemes, ... Deprecation: Report. (2.2.1.19 2023-02): requires Oracle Fusion Middleware Infrastructure 12.2.1.4	12.2.1.19	2015-10		Suggested
Fusion Middleware 12c	Production	Includes al lot of products like WebLogic, jDeveloper, ... but not Forms nor Reports. Forms can be deployed on WebLogic Server 12c.	12.1	2011	2016 ES:2019
Forms and Report 11g R2	Production	Performance and Monitoring, Real User Experience integration. Easier installation than with 11g R1.	11.1.2.1	2011	2016 ES:2017	Suggested
11g R1	Production	JavaScript Desupport: JInitiator	11.1.1.6.0	2009	2014 ES:2017
10g R2	Production	Very stable release. Desupport: Forms compiled with 10g R2 can not be run with previous releases	10.1.2.3.0	2005	2011	Suggested
10g (9.0.4)	Production	Forms Standalone Installation	9.0.4.3.0	2004	2006 ES:2008
9i (9.0.2)	Production	Servlet Engine. Oracle 9. Desupport: Client/Server, socket protocol, Character interface	9.0.2.12.2	2002	2005
6	Production	Forms Server: web deploy. Oracle 8. (2000): 6i stable!	6i 6.0.8.28.0 6 6.0.5.35.3	1999 2000	2005 ES:2008	Suggested NOT
5	Unsupported	Graphical enhancements. Oracle 7. Desupport: 16-bit	5.0.6.23.1	1998		NOT
4	Unsupported	Oracle Forms. MS-windows and X graphical interface. Oracle 6. (4.5): new IDE	4.5.10.21.0	1997
3	Unsupported	PL-SQL. Trigger for integrity constraints	3.0	1992
2	Unsupported	*SQLForms**. Graphical Interface. Triggers. Oracle 5. (2.3) Screen Painter	2.3	1985
1	Unsupported	IAF. (1984): IAG. (Oracle 4): FastForms		1980

Much more info in this detailed document.

Oracle Application Express (APEX)

APEX (formely HTML DB) is the name of simple yet powerful Oracle development environment.
APEX is installed in the Oracle database and is available for free on any database edition.

(Sources: Official site, Support Policy, Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
23	Production	Template Components, new Object Browser (2023-10 23.2) New Page Items, Quick SQL Updates, Application Working Copies, Workflow, ...	23.2	2023-05	2026-05	Suggested
22	Production	Persistent authentication, simplified page creation, approval component, improved row search, rich text editor, ...	22.2	2022-05	2025-05	Suggested
21	Production	Maps, Application Data loading	21.2	2021-05	2024-05	Suggested
20	Production	Redwood user interface, cascading list of values, simplified URLs, native print	20.2	2020-04	2025-04	Suggested
19	Production	Forms Region Type, REST Enabled Forms, Data load, new charts, dark mode, ...	19.2	2019-03	2024-11	Suggested
18	Production	REST Enabled SQL Support, Web Source Modules, Application Builder Improvements, Social Authentication, Mobile UI, ... (2018-09): Create Page Wizards, Font APEX.	18.2	2018-05	2023-05	Suggested
5.1	Production	Interactive Grid, JET Charts, Page Designer Enhancements, New Packaged Applications. (5.1.1 2017-03): patch set. (5.1.2 2017-06): cumulative patch set.	5.1.4.00.8	2016-12	2021-12
5.0	Production	Page designer, multiple interactive reports, modal dialogs, universal theme	5.0.4	2015-04	2020-04
4.2	Production	Better and responsive mobile interface, HTML5 support (charts, item types). (4.2.6 2014-09): bug fixing	4.2.6	2012-10	2017-10
4.1	Production	Rowid update, improved websheets, better error handling	4.1.1	2011-08	2016-08
4.0	Production	Distribuited with Oracle XE 11g. RESTful interface, websheets, plugin, dynamic actions	4.0	2010-06	2015-06
3.0	Production	Chart (flash), PDF support. (3.0.1): Installable on Oracle XE. (3.1): Interactive reporting. (3.2): Forms conversion	3.2	2007	2012
2.1	Production	HTML DB renamed to APEX. Distribuited with Oracle XE 10g. (2.2): Packaged applications	2.1	2006	2009
HTML DB 2.0	Production	SQL Workshop	2.0	2005	2008
HTML DB 1.5	Production	First release. (1.6): Themes	1.6	2004	2008

Latest APEX versions are hosted on Cloud and upgraded twice a year.

Related to APEX is the Oracle REST Data Services / Application Express Listener that works as an application server interface to APEX providing also a RESTful access.
(Sources: Official site, Support Policy )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
18	Production	Oracle REST Data Services Database Authentication (2018-10 18.3): OAuth 2 authentication	18.3	2018-05
3.0	Production		3.0.2	2015-06	2020-06
2.0	Production	Multiple DB connection, restful services Enhancements, command line interface	2.0.10	2012-12	2017-12
1.1	Production			2011-03	2016-03
1.0	Production			2010-07	2015-07

Oracle Database Express Edition (XE)

Oracle Express (XE) is an Edition of Oracle Database.
Only few versions are available in this Edition which has several limits, has no support but is free.

(Sources: Official site, Wikipedia, Oracle Database 23ai Free )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Notes
23ai	Production	23c features + AI Vector Index Search	23.4	2024-05	Limits: 2 CPU, 2 GB RAM, 12 GB User Data
23c	Production	Named Database Free - Developer Release. Available as: Docker Image, VirtualBox VM, Linux (OL8, RHEL8) RPM file. JSON/Relational, JavaScript stored procedures, Property Graphs, SQL Domains, OKafka BOOLEAN datatype, direct Joins for UPDATE and DELETE, Unicode 15.0, FROM not mandatory, GROUP BY alias or position, ...	23.3	2023-04	Limits: 2 CPU, 2 GB RAM, 12 GB User Data
21c	Production	Fully featured Oracle Database 21c with Multitenant, In-Memory, Partitioning, Advanced Analytics, Advanced Security, Advanced Compression, ... (2021-10) Available on Windows too.	21c-1.0-1	2021-09	Limits: 2 CPU, 2 GB RAM, 12 GB User Data
18c	Production	CDB architecture, in-memory column store, compression, spatial&graph, encryption and redaction, partitioning, analytic views. No APEX, no SQL Developer, no SQLcl (but they all can be installed later). (2018-10) Available on Linux 64bit. Announced for Windows, Docker and as VirtualBox image. (2019-02) Available on Windows too.	18.4	2018-10	Limits: 2 CPU, 2 GB RAM, 3 PDB, 12 GB User Data
11g R2	Production	APEX 4.2.6 Available on Windows 32bits and Linux 32/64bit.	11.2.0.2.0	2011-09	Limits: 1 CPU, 1 GB RAM, 1 instance, 11 GB Data
10g R2	Production	APEX 2.1 Available on Windows 32bit and Linux 32bit.	10.2.0.1.0	2006-02	Limits: 1 CPU, 1 GB RAM, 1 instance, 4 GB Data

Oracle XE is not supported (but it's $free).

Oracle Applications - Oracle eBS

Oracle Applications is the Oracle ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) product set and is called Oracle E-Business Suite too.

It's composed by several product lines: Oracle Financials, Oracle HR, Oracle Sales, ... there are hundreds of modules.

From a technical point of view Oracle Applications are written with a old Oracle Developer development environment,
run over a supported Oracle Application Server Infrastructure and using up to a recent Oracle RDBMS.

(Sources: Oracle Blog (was Chan's Blog) Latest OAF Bundles Upgrade Rec. Support Policy)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
12.2	Production	Oracle WebLogic Server adoption (but Forms still requires IAS). Online Patching (adop) with runFS and patchFS. iPad certification. Workflow. Direct upgrade from 11i, 12.0, 12.1. New features on: Order Management, Manifacturing, HR, Supply chain, ...	12.2.13 12.2.12 12.2.11 12.2.10 12.2.9 12.2.8 12.2.7 12.2.6 12.2.5 12.2.4 12.2.3 12.2.2	2023-11 2022-11 2021-11 2020-09 2019-08 2018-10 2017-09 2016-09 2015-10 2014-08 2013-12 2013-09	2034-12	Continuous Innovation Model
12.1	Production	More deployments options, advanced configuration wizard, AutoConfig enhancements	12.1.3 RPC5 12.1.3 RPC4 12.1.3 RPC3 12.1.3 RPC2 12.1.3 RPC1 12.1.3 12.1.2 12.1.1	2016-08 2015-10 2015-04 2014-09 2014-03 2010-08 2009-12 2009-05	2021-12	Sustaining Support / Market-Driven Support Your version stinks, it's time to upgrade
12	Production	An evolution from 11i with an upgraded technology stack: Oracle RDBMS 10g R2, OAS 10g R2, Forms 10g, JDK 6	12.0.6 12.0.8 (HRMS only)	2007-01	2012-01 (2015 ES)	Bad. Few installations You must upgrade!
11i10	Production	Terminal 11i release. Many new products. JRE 1.4. JInitiator 1.3.1.18.	11.5.10.2	2004-11	2010-11 (2013 ES)	Stable and with a large installed base. You must upgrade!
11i9	Production	Oracle RDBMS 9.2	11.5.9	2003-06	2008-06
11i8	Production	Many new products.	11.5.8	2002	2007
11i7	Production	9iAS upgrade (1.0.2.2.2), Apache (1.3.19), JInitiator 1.1.8.16. XML	11.5.7	2002	2007
11i6	Production		11.5.6	2002	2006
11i5	Production	Many new products (eg. ERP/CRM). JInitiator 1.1.8.13.	11.5.5	2001	2006
11i4	Production	Oracle RDBMS 8.1.7. JInitiator 1.1.8.7.	11.5.4	2001	2006
11i3	Production		11.5.3	2001	2006
11i2	Production	9iAS (1.0.2.1). Apache (1.3.9)	11.5.2	2000	2006
11i1	Production	Many functional upgrades; Multi Org instead of Multi Set of Books. Technology Stack: Oracle RDBMS 8.1.6, WebDB (8.1.6), JRE 1.1.8, JInitiator 1.1.7.27	11.5.1	2000	2006
11	Production	Web only	11.0.3	1999	2007 (2009 SS)
10	Production	NCA model	10.7NCA	1998
10	Production	Client/Server	10.7

The technology stack versions reported in the previous table refer to Fresh Install.

The functional part and the technology stack are, mainly, indipendent. The following table reports the currently supported technology stack; since it's quite common to use an old Oracle eBS configuration, previously supported releases are reported too.

(Source: EBS Certifications)

EBS Release	Oracle RDBMS version (was)	Application Server (was)
EBS 12.2	Oracle RDBMS 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.2, 19c (11.1.0.7 11.2.0.3, 12.1.0.1) Oracle RAC 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.2, 19c (11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.3, 12.1.0.1)	Forms: 10.1.2.3 WebLogic Server: 11gR1 PS5 10.3.6 Web Tier Components: 11.1.1.6 Java SE JDK 7, 8
EBS 12.1 EBS 12.0	Oracle RDBMS 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1, 12.1.0.2, 19.3 (on 12.1.3 single tenant) (11.1.0.7, 10.2.0.2, 10.2.0.3, 10.2.0.4, 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.6, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3) Oracle RAC 11.2.0.3 (11.1.0.7, 10.2.0.3, 10.2.0.4, 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.6, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2)	Forms: Oracle Application Server 10g 10.1.2.3 (10.1.2.0.2, 10.1.2.2) OC4J: Oracle Application Server 10g 10.1.3.5 (10.1.3.0.0, 10.1.3.3, 10.1.3.4) Java SE JDK 6, 7 (not for Forms and Reports)
EBS 11i	Oracle RDBMS 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1 (9.2.0.8, 10.1.0.4, 10.1.0.5, 10.2.0.2, 10.2.0.3, 10.2.0.4, 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3) Oracle RAC 11.2.0.4, 12.1.0.1 (9.2.0.8, 10.1.0.4, 10.2.0.1, 10.2.0.2, 10.2.0.3, 10.2.0.4, 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.6, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3)	Oracle9i Application Server 1.0.2.2.2 Forms Patchset 19 (15, 16, 17, 18) [NdA Forms 6i 6.0.8.28.0] Java SE JDK 6 (1.3, 1.4, 5) Oracle JDBC 9iR2 9.2.0.8

The Oracle official EBS Blog [NdA previously Steven Chan's Blog] contains a lot certification infos on supported browsers, development tools, external integrations, ...

It's a long and continuous work to maintain Oracle Applications releases updated.
There are tons of patches and only the needed ones must be applied.
Migrations are quite difficoult when there are customizations.
Technology stack patching is indipendent and follows RDBMS and OAF schedule.
Every upgrade is different and require careful planning. OS and 32 / 64 bit certification must be checked too...

JD Edwards EnterpriseOne

JD Edwards EnterpriseOne is an ERP for medium sized Enterprises.

It's composed by hundreds of components grouped in modules and sold separately:
 Customer Relationship Management - CRM: Advanced Pricing, Sales Order Management, ...
 Supply Management - SM: Buyer Workspace, Supplier Self Service, ...
 Financial Management Suite - FMS: Financials

From a technical point of view JDE embaraces the Oracle technology stack (WebLogic, RDBMS, BI).

(Sources: Support Policy, Software Update 741781.1, ESU 1053900.1 )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Fixes (through)	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
9.2	Production				2015-10	2020-10 (ES 2023)
9.1	Production	(Upd. 2 on 2014-02) Inventory to G/L reconciliation, Warehouse Management, New One View Reporting Drill Down capabilities, Speed Case Entry Tablet App, Mobile Service Time Entry, Health and Safety Incident Management	Upd. 2	2013-7	2012-3	2017-3 (ES 2020)
9.0	Production	New Module: Project and Government Contract Accounting (PGCA). (9.0.2 on 2010-11)	Upd. 2	2010-9	9.0 2008-9 9.0.2 2010-11	2013-09 (ES 2016) 2015-11 (ES 2018)
8.12	Production		Upd. 3	2008-5	2006-4	2011-4 (ES 2014)
8.11	Production		SP1 Upd. 2	2007-6	2004-12	2009-12 (ES 2012)
8.10	Production		Upd. 2	2007-9	2004-6	2009-6
8.9	Production				2003-9	2008-9
8.0	Production		Upd. 1	2003-4	2002-06	2013-12
Xe	Production		Upd. 8	2004-6	2000-9	2013-12

The functional part and the technology stack are indipendent. The technology stack for JDE is very wide since JDE supported and still supports many non Oracle products as DBMS (eg. MS SQL Server), Application Server (eg. IBM WebSphere), ...
The following table is derived from multiple sources and is not complete or official... but can be useful as a guide.

(Sources: JDE Statement of Direction, Minimum Technical Requirements 745831.1)

JDE Release	Database	Application Server
JDE E1 9.0 - 9.1 Tools 9.1.x	Oracle RDBMS 11g R2 MS SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2, 2012 IBM DB2 9.7, 10.5	Oracle WebLogic 11g (10.3), WebLogic 12c (12.1) IBM WebSphere 7.0, WebSphere 8.5
JDE E1 8.12 - 9.0 Tools 8.9x	Oracle RDBMS (10g R2), 11g R1, 11g R2 MS SQL Server 2005, 2008, 2008 R2 IBM DB2 9.7	Oracle OAS 10g R3 (10.1.3), WebLogic 11g (10.3) IBM (WebSphere 6.1), WebSphere 7.0, WebSphere 8.5
JDE Xe & 8.0 Tools 24.2	Oracle RDBMS (10g R2), 11g R1, 11g R2 MS SQL Server 2008, 2008 R2 IBM DB2 9.7	Oracle OAS 10g R3 (10.1.3), WebLogic 11g (10.3) IBM (WebSphere 6.1), WebSphere 7.0

For ERP software update is always critical.
There are different types of updates: ESU (Electronic Software Update), ASU (Application Software Update), SP (Service Pack)
Tools Release is a fix to JDE foundation (System) code

DB2

DB2 is the IBM's relational DBMS.
Formely was available only on Mainframes z/OS only, currently is available on
OS-400, Linux/AIX/Unix/Windows too. DB2 is available in several Editions like:
Express-C (free), Express, Workgroup, Enterprise, and Avanced Enterprise Edition.

(Source: IBM DB2 Support Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
DB2 11	Production	BLU Accelleration, native encryption, HA	11.5.7	2016-06		Suggested
DB2 10	Production	(10.1) Heat mapped data, Adaptive compression. (10.5) BLU Acceleration for reporting and analytics, in-memory columnar processing, JSON objects	10.1 10.5	2010-10 2013-04	2017-09	Suggested
DB2 9.0	Production	Pure XML; Table partitioning (PARTITION BY RANGE); (9.5 2007): Simplified Management, BC reliability; (9.7 2009): Compression, Oracle compatibility (PL/SQL compiler, CLPPlus, datatypes, ...), enhanched WLM (Work Load Manager); (9.7.5 2011) Oracle Compatibility; (9.8) pureScale for Enterprise Server Edition only	9.8	2007-03 (9.5) (9.7) (9.8)	2012-04 2015-04 2017-09 2016-04
DB2 8.0	Production	Better alignment between platforms; Clustering (ORGANIZE BY DIMENSION); (8.2): security enhancements		2004-03	2009-04
DB2	Production	MVS Mainframe		1983
SQL/DS	Production	VM Mainframe		1980
System-R	Prot	First relational prototype (on System 38). IBM pionered the Relational DB: Codd was an IBM employee; SEQUEL, SQL and QBE were IBM projects. But for many years IBM preferred Hierarchical Systems and was Oracle on 1979 to propose the first commercial Relational Database Management System		1970

DB2 updagrades are not so easy...

SQL Server

SQL Server is the Microsoft's relational DBMS. It's available for MS-Windows operating systems only.
SQL Server is sold in different editions (Standard, Business Intelligence, Enterprise).
SQL Server includes several add-on services (Analysis Services, Replication Services, Integration Services, ...).

(Sources: Microsoft KB Microsoft Support Status Wikipedia Unofficial build list SQL Server on Linux)

Version	Status	Features	Latest update	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
SQL Server 2022	Production		CU6 16.0.4085.2	2022-11	2028 2033(ES)
SQL Server 2019	Production	Accelerated Database Recovery (ADR), memory-optimized Tempdb, PolyBase external tables, query processing enhancements with Intelligent QP: Row Mode, UDF Inlining, Approximate QP, ...	CU23 15.0.4335.1	2019-04	2025 2030(ES)
SQL Server 2017	Production	Linux and Docker support. Adaptive QP: Adaptive Joins, Interleaved Execution, Batch Mode, ...	CU21 14.0.3465.1	2017-10	2022 2027(ES)
SQL Server 2016	Production	x64 processors only. Enhanced in-memory performance, built-in advanced analytics, dynamic data masking (DDM), ...	SP2/CU14 13.0.5830.85 GDRxSP1/CU15 13.0.4604.0 SP1/CU15 13.0.4574.0 RTM/CU9 13.0.2216.0	2016-06	2021 2026(ES) 2019 2018
SQL Server 2014	Production	In-Memory, HA enhancements (up to 8 secondaries, Replica wizard, ...), better cloud support (eg. simpified backup, cloud migration wizard, ...)	SP3/CU4 12.0.6329.1 SP2/CU18 12.0.5687.1 SP1/CU13 12.0.4522.0 RTM/CU14 12.0.2569.0	2014-06	2019 2024(ES)
SQL Server 2012	Production	Many performance improvements, better update managment, SQLServer 2008 emulation mode, High Availability enanchements, Big Data integration (Hadoop).	SP4/PCU4 11.0.7001.0 SP3/CU10 11.0.6607.3 SP2/CU16 11.0.5678.0 SP1/MS15-058 11.0.3513.0 RTM/CU11 11.0.2424.00	2012-05	2017 2022(ES)
SQL Server 2008 R2	Production	Master Data Services, Report Builder 3.0. SP3: 2014-09	SP3/MS15-058 10.50.6529.00 SP2/MS15-058 10.50.4339.00 SP1/CU14 10.50.2881.00 RTM/CU13 10.50.1815.00	2010-07	2014 2019(ES)
SQL Server 2008	Production	Semi-structured data, location-dependent data, Full-text search in the Database Engine.	SP3/MS15-058 10.00.6535.00	2008-11	2014 2019(ES)
SQL Server 2005	Production	XML, CLR Integration, T-SQL Extensions. (SP1): Database mirroring	SP4/MS12-070 9.00.5324	2006-01	2011 2016(ES)
SQL Server 2000	Production	OS Windows 2000; (2003): 64-bit	SP4 8.00.2039	2000-11	2008 2013(ES)
SQL Server 7.0	Production	Dynamic memory and dynamic space management, new log format, dynamic row-level locking, replication, administration wizards; OLAP	SP4 7.00.1063	1999	2005 2011(ES)
SQL Server 6.5	Production		SP5a upd. 6.50.479	1996
SQL Server 6.0	Production			1995
SQL Server 4.21	Production	Based on Sybase code. Windows NT.	4.21	1993
SQL Server 1.0	Production	OS/2, 16bit		1989

SQL Server upgrades must be carefully planned and tested. It is generally better to install a new database and migrate data.

Service Packs (SPs) are released up to SQL Server 2016, starting from SQL Server 2017 only Cumulative Updates (CUs) and critical updates (GDRs) are provided.

Informix

Informix is owned by IBM since 2001 but its history on the RDBMS market is very long:
Relational Database Systems Inc. was created in 1980 and became Informix Corporation in 1986...

(Sources: Official Site Wikipedia Editions )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
14	Production		14.10.F3
12	Production	Real-time Analytics; TimeSeries data	12.10
11	Production	SQL Administration API; SSO, SSL; JRE 5.0	11.50.xC5	2009
10	Production	Fully released by IBM; JRE 1.4, fragment management	10.00.xC4	2005
9.0	Unsupported	Informix Universal Server: object-oriented, dataBlade; (9.21) IBM, raw tables; (9.3) Bundle Install; (9.4) Enanched Security, Performance, Replication	9.4	1996
8.0	Unsupported	XPS eXtended Parallel Server		1996
7.0	Unsupported	Informix Dynamic Server: OLTP and data warehouse		1994
6.0	Unsupported	Dynamic Scalable Architecture: support for SMP		1994
5.0	Unsupported	Transations, 2PC; (5.1) triggers		1990
4.0	Unsupported	INFORMIX Turbo renamed INFORMIX-OnLine while the ISAM engine is named INFORMIX-SE		1989
3.0	Unsupported	INFORMIX Turbo engine on RSAM	3.30
2.0	Unsupported	INFORMIX-SQL, new tools: Informix-4GL		1986
1.10	Unsupported	INFORMIX-SQL (separate SQL engine), new tools: ACE, PERFORM		1985
1.0	Unsupported	INFORMation on unIX first releases based on ISAM		1981-1986

Informix SE upgrades are easy while Informix OnLine upgrades are a bit more complex.

Cache

Cache' is the Object Database produced by InterSystems
and used with Ensemble Application Server for many
health care applications.

(Sources: Official Site Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
2019	Production		2019.2	2019-03	2021
2018	Production		2018.1	2018-03	2020
2017	Production		2017.2	2017-03	2019
2016	Production		2016.2	2016-02	2018
2015	Production		2015.2.4	2015-05	2017
2014	Production	REST support	2014.1.5	2014-03	2016
2013	Production		2013.1.7	2013-04	2015
2012	Production		2012.2.5	2012
2011	Production		2011.1.6	2011
2010	Production		2010.2.8	2010
2009	Production		2009.1.6	2009
2008	Production		2008.2.6	2008
2007	Production		2007.1.6	2007
5.2	Production		5.2.2
5.1	Production
5.0	Production		5.0.16
4	Production
3	Production

Cache' upgrades are a bit complex.

Amazon RDS

Amazon RDS is a cloud service and not a database!
Neverless I decided to put it in this section since it empowers several relational databases.

(Sources: Amazon RDS: MySQL, Oracle (RUs/PSU), SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Aurora MySQL 1, Aurora MySQL 2, Aurora MySQL 3, Aurora PostgreSQL (cal), IBM Db2; Wikipedia)

Database	Version	First release	Last release	Date (from)	Date (no new)	Date (no snap.)	Notes
MySQL	8.0	8.0.11	8.0.39	2018-10
	5.7	5.7.16	5.7.44	2016-02	2024-02		Extended support
	5.6	5.6.34	5.6.51	2013-07	2022-02	2022-03	Deprecated on 2021-08
	5.5	5.5.46	5.5.62	2011-02	2021-01	2021-02	Deprecated on 2021-03
	5.1	5.1.38	5.1.50	2009-10	2016-07	2016-09
Oracle	21c	21.0.0.0	2024-07 RU	2022-03			NB: innovation release
	19c	19.0.0.0	2024-07 RU	2019-11
	18c	18.0.0.0	2021-04 RU	2019-08	2021-07		Deprecated
	12c	12.2.0.1	2022-01 RU		2022-04	2022-04	Decrecated. Automatic update to 19c
		12.1.0.2	2022-07 PSU		2022-07	2022-07	Deprecated. Manual update to 19c
		12.1.0.1		2015-04	2017-02	2019-12
	11g	11.2.0.4	2020-10 PSU		2020-09	2020-12	Deprecated on 2020-12
		11.2.0.3		2013-12	2018-08	2019-12
		11.2.0.2		2011-05	2016-08	2019-12
SQL Server	2022	16.00.4085.2.v1	RTM CU9 16.00.4085.2
	2019	15.00.4043.16.v1	RTM CU23 15.00.4335.1.3
	2017	14.00.1000.169.v1	RTM CU31 14.00.3465.1
	2016	13.00.2164.0.v1	GDR 13.00.6435.1
	2014	12.00.4422.0.v1	SP3 CU4 GDR 12.00.6449.1		2024-05
	2012	11.00.2100.60.v1	SP4 GDR 11.00.7493.4		2022-06
	2008 R2	10.50.2789.0.v1	SP3 GDR 10.50.6560.0	2012-05	2019-06
PostgreSQL	16	16.1	16.3-R2	2023-11
	15	15.2	15.7-R2	2023-02
	14	14.1	14.12-R2	2022-01
	13	13.1	13.15-R2	2021-03
	12	12.0	12.19-R2	2020-03
	11	11.1	11.22-R2	2019-03	2024-02		Extended support since 11.22
	10	10.1	10.23	2018-02	2023-04
	9.6	9.6.1	9.6.24	2016-11	2022-03
	9.5	9.5.2	9.5.25	2016-04	2021-03
	9.4	9.4.7	9.4.25	2015-03	2020-02
	9.3	9.3.12	9.3.25	2013-11	2018-09
MariaDB	10.11	10.11.4	10.11.8	2023-08
	10.6	10.6.5	10.6.17	2022-02
	10.5	10.5.8	10.5.25	2021-01
	10.4	10.4.8	10.4.34	2020-04
	10.3	10.3.8	10.3.39	2018-11	2023-08	2023-10
	10.2	10.2.11	10.2.44		2022-10
	10.1	10.1.14	10.1.34		2021-02
	10.0	10.0.17	10.0.35	2015-10	2021-02
Aurora MySQL	3	3.0	3.07.1	2021-11			Compatible with MySQL 8.0
	2	2.0	2.12.3	2018-02	2024-02		Compatible with MySQL 5.7
	1	1.1	1.23.4	2014-11	2023-02		Compatible with MySQL 5.6
Aurora PostgreSQL	16	16.1	16.4.0	2024-01	2028-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 16
	15	15.2	15.8.0		2028-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 15
	14	14.3	14.13.0		2027-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 14
	13	13.3	13.16.0		2026-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 13
	4	4.0	12.20.0		2025-02		Compatible with PostgreSQL 12
	3	3.1	11.21.7		2024-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 11
	2	2.0	10.21.5		2023-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 10
	1	1.0	1.11 (9.6.22)	2017-10	2022-01		Compatible with PostgreSQL 9.6
IBM Db2	11.5	11.5.9	11.5.9	2023-11

Database previews are not reported in the previous table.
The database offering by Amazon is not limited to RDS. Amazon developed its own databases like Redshift and DynamoDB, and the AWS marketplace contains more than 500 database services, ... and on EC2 instance You can install virtually any known database system.
EC2-Classic flat network, available since 2006, will be retired on 2022-08-15, Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), available since 2009, should be used instead. RDS DB security groups based on EC2-Classic must be migrated to VPC security groups based on EC2-VPC platform.

Microsoft Azure Database

Microsoft Azure Database is a cloud service and not a database!
Neverless I decided to put it here since it empowers several relational databases.

(Sources: Azure Database SQL Database MySQL MariaDB PostgreSQL Oracle )

Database	Supported Versions	Date from	Notes
SQL Database		2010-02
MySQL	Single Server (retired): 5.6.47 (ret.), 5.7.29, 8.0.15; Flexible Server: 5.7.44, 8.0.37	2018-03
PostgreSQL	Single Server: 9.5.19 (ret.), 9.6.15 (ret.), 10.21 (ret.), 11.16 (ret.); Flexible Server, Hyperscale (Citus extension): 11.16 (ret.), 12.20, 13.16, 14.13, 15.8, 16.4	2018-03
MariaDB	10.2.32, 10.3.23	2018-12
Oracle	12.1, 12.2, 18.3	2019-06

Azure developed its own databases like SQL Database, Cosmos, ...

Google Cloud SQL

Google Cloud SQL is a cloud service and not a database!
Neverless I decided to put it here since it empowers several relational databases.

(Sources: DB Versions Release Notes Cloud SQL Home )

Database	Supported Versions	Date from	Notes
MySQL	5.6.51, 5.7.44. 8.0.18, 8.0.26, 8.0.27, 8.0.28, 8.0.29 (dep.), 8.0.30, 8.0.31 (default), 8.0.32, 8.0.33, 8.0.34, 8.0.35, 8.0.36, 8.0.37. 8.4.0	2016-08
PostgreSQL	9.6.24, 10.23, 11.22, 12.19, 13.15, 14.12, 15.7, 16.3 (default)	2017-05
SQL Server	SQL Server 2017 CU31, SQL Server 2019 CU26 (default), SQL Server 2022 CU12 - Standard (default), Enterprise, Express, Web	2019-10

Minor upgrades are performed automatically and only few minor versions are mantained generally.
Google offers many other Cloud database services like: AlloyDB, Spanner, BigQuery, ...

DB as a Service
Cloud Services and Database (DBaaS) are growing fast now and expected to grow more in the near future.
Amazon RDS, Microsoft Azure Database, Google Cloud SQL are not the only players.

To name a few: Aiven, Alibaba Cloud (Aspara), Aruba, Huawei (GaussDB), Crunchy Bridge, Database Labs, DigitalOcean, Heroku, ~~Compose~~, ~~MongoHQ~~, IBM Cloud Databases, Oracle Cloud (OCI), Rackspace, Render, ScaleGrid, Scaleway, Supabase, Several9s ClusterControl, ... and many many others with specific, specialized, vertical services!

SQL

SQL Standards are very important, since every database vendor claims he is compliant! But it is not always true...
The formal name of the SQL standard is ISO/IEC 9075 "Database Language SQL", but SQL:year is the most used nickname.

(Sources: iso.org Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
SQL:2023	Current	Property graph queries (SQL/PGQ), JSON data type, smaller changes to the existing SQL language: UNIQUE null treatment, ORDER BY in grouped table, GREATEST and LEAST, ...		2023
SQL:2016	Current	Pattern matching, JSON.		2016
SQL:2011	Replaced	Temporal databases.		2011
SQL:2008	Replaced	TRUNCATE, INSTEAD OF.		2008
SQL:2006	Replaced	Full XML management, XQuery.		2006
SQL:2003	Replaced	Windows functions (OVER clause), sequences, SQL/XML, SQL/MED.		2003
SQL:1999	Replaced	A lot a single Core and Optional features: triggers, recursive queries or CTE (WITH clause), transitive closure, procedural languages.		1999
SQL-92	Replaced	First standard version with Entry, Intermediate and Full conformance. Called also SQL3.		1992
SQL-89	Replaced	Integrity constraints. Called also SQL2.		1989
SQL-86	Replaced	First ANSI version. Called also SQL-87.		1982

Last standard versions are also split into a number of parts:

ISO/IEC 9075-1 Framework (SQL/Framework)
ISO/IEC 9075-2 Foundation (SQL/Foundation)
ISO/IEC 9075-3 Call Level Interface (SQL/CLI)
ISO/IEC 9075-4 Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM)
ISO/IEC 9075-9 Management of External Data (SQL/MED)
ISO/IEC 9075-10 Object Language Bindings (SQL/OLB)
ISO/IEC 9075-11 Information and Definition Schemas (SQL/Schemata)
ISO/IEC 9075-13 Routines and Types using the Java Language (SQL/JRT)
ISO/IEC 9075-14 XML-related specifications (SQL/XML)

Even if there is a consolidated standard, SQL dialects differ a lot for several good reasons (eg. Oracle implemented many features long before the standard, MySQL choosed to not implement complex standard features to keep things easy). Optional parts are often implemented in different way (eg. procedural language), basic datatypes differs a lot in the SQL implementations (eg. date/time) and there are many little but important differences (eg. delimiters, allowed characters for object), ...
Migrating from one RDBMS to an other is always a complex task that must be planned carefully.

SAP

SAP is a complete and complex ERP produced by SAP AG.
Current architecture is a client/server utilizing a 3-tiered model.
Tipical installations use a large Oracle database and an ample Unix box.
The programming language is APAB/4.

(Sources: SAP Wiki Wikipedia (SAP ERP) Wikipedia (S4HANA))

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
SAP S/4HANA	Production	On memory DB Engine. Same SAP ERP functionalities. Available both On-Premise and Cloud. SAP HANA (the engine) was gradually introduced since 2010 and fully featured since 2013.	2020 (On‑Premise) 2011 (Cloud)	2015-03 2016-03
SAP ERP	Production	Four functional areas: Financials, Human Capital Management, Operations, Corporate Services SAP enhancement packages add new features to SAP ERP 6.0: (2006-12): EHP1. (2007-07): EHP2. (2007-12): EHP3. (2008-11): EHP4 for SAP ERP 6.0 / NW7.01. (2010-07): EHP5. (2011-08): EHP6. (2013-08): EHP7. (2013-11): Fiori 1.0 UI for EHP7. (2016-01): EHP8 transition to SAP S/4HANA. (2021-03): EHP16.	6.0 EhP 16	2005
MySAP ERP	Production	New architecture: ERP Central Component (SAP ECC)		2004
SAP R/3	Unsupported	Client Server; several modules (eg. FI-GL General Ledger, HR, MM, SD, PP, ...)	ER 4.70	1992
SAP R/2	Unsupported	Mainframe based		1978
SAP R/1	Unsupported	R = Realtime data processing		1970

SAP installation and configuration requires a big effort. An update can take a very long time.
SAP S/4HANA releases are once per year (on-premise) or quarterly (Cloud) [release nomenclature is YYYY for on-premise and YYMM for Cloud].

BAAN

BAAN is a complete and complex ERP produced by Baan (now Infor).
Tipical installations use a large Oracle database and a powerful Unix/Linux box.
DB2, Informix and SQL Server as database and Windows Server as OS are supported too.
The programming language is Baan 4GL and its interpreter is the Bshell.

(Sources: Infor Wiki)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Infor M3	Production
Infor LN	Production		10.3	2013-07
ERP Ln	Production	Unicode support, more languages. (FP6: 2009) (FP7: 2011) (ERP LN 6.1 FP8: 2012)	6.1 FP8	2005
Baan 5	Production		Baan5.0 c SP26
Baan 4	Production		BaanIVc4 SP30
Triton	Old		3.1bx

NoSQL

NoSQL is a generic definition for modern web-scale databases who can drop SQL and ACID support to archive other objectives
like easy replication support, huge scalability, schema-free, Big Data support, very very fast performance, ...
The tradeoff are: availability vs consistency, latency vs consistency, full vs eventually consistent: BASE (not ACID).

There are several categories among them:
 * Wide Column Store / Column Families (eg. Hadoop / HBase; Cassandra;  ...)
 * Document Store (eg. MongoDB; CouchDB; Couchbase; ...)
 * Key Value (eg. Redis; Berkeley DB, Oracle NOSQL Database; Amazon SimpleDB, DynamoDB; Azure Table Storage; Voldemort; OpenLDAP; TiKV; ...)
 * Search Engine (eg. Elasticsearch, Splunk, Solr; Algolia ...)
 * Graph Databases (eg. Neo4j)
 * Time Series (eg. InfluxDB)
 * Multimodel Databases
 * Object Databases
 * Grid & Cloud Database Solutions
 * XML Databases
 * Multidimensional Databases
 * OLAP o columnar DB (eg. MariaDB column store, ClickHouse, AWS Redshift, Exasol, SAP HANA, Druid)
...
And many differences also from the CAP point of view (CP: MongoDB, HBase, Redis, CockroachDB; AP: CouchDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB)

Hadoop

Hadoop is an open source framework to distribuite processing of large data sets across several (eg. thousands) nodes.
Hadoop has several modules: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System), YARN (the job scheduling framework),
MapReduce (the algorithm for processing and generating large data sets in parallel), ...
Hadoop has a grunting shell interface called Pig (quite similar to relational algebra).
There are many tools in the Hadoop ecosystem like HBase (realtime read/write access CP database), Hive, Sqoop, ...

(Sources: Hadoop, Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3.x	Production	Java 8 required. Erasure coding in HDFS. Default ports changed. Shell script rewritten. (3.2 2019-01): Node attributes in YARN, Submarine on YARN, Storage Policy Satisfier, ... (3.3 2020-07): ARM support, Java 11 support, application catalog for YARN applications, ...	3.0.3 (des.) 3.1.4 (des.) 3.2.4 3.3.4	2017-12 2018-04 2019-01 2020-07	2018-05 2020-08 2022-06 2022-08
2.x	Production	Based on 0.23. YARN, HA for HDFS, HDFS Federation and Snapshots, binary compatibility for MapReduce hadoop-1.x. (2.2.0 2013-10): GA. (2.5.2 2014-11) (2.6.0 2014-11). (2.7.0 2015-04). (2.7.1 2015-07): stable. (2.6.2 2015-10).	2.5.2 (des.) 2.6.5 (des.) 2.7.5 (des.) 2.8.5 (des.) 2.9.2 (des.) 2.10.2	2012-05	2022-05
1.x	Production	Based on 0.20.205. HBase support, Hierarchical job queues, Advances in new mapreduce API: Input/Output formats, ChainMapper/Reducer	1.2.1	2011-12	2013-08
0.23.x	Production	YARN, HDFS Federation	0.23.11	2011-11	2014-06
0.20.x	Production	(0.20.203.0 2011-05): Stable, large installations	0.20.205.0	2009-04	2011-10
0.x	Production	First implementation on 2005: HDFS, MapReduce. (0.14.1 2007-09): Apache release	0.22	2007-09	2011-12

Hadoop versioning was not simple since several different releases where supported in the same the time (eg. 0.20, 0.22 and 0.23) or changed (0.20 -> 1.0, 0.23 -> 2.0), the numbering schema did not follow the timeline (0.21 on 2010-08, 0.23 on 2011-11 and 0.22 on 2011-12) and the Hadoop distributions and providers choosed freely among them...

Even if Hadoop is a mature Apache project it is not easy to manage the large cluster it uses and configure all the tools that the Hadoop ecosystem contains... Several distributions have been developed to better support the enterprise adoption of Hadoop: (Sources: Hortonworks, Cloudera, MapR )

Distribution	Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Notes
Hortonworks	HDP		Hortonworks Data Platform is a fully Open Source distribution available on both Linux and MS-Windows.
HDP	3.1	Production	Kafka 2.0.0 and few other changes: Hadoop 3.1.1, Hive 3.1.0, HBase 2.0.2, Ranger 1.2.0, Atlas 1.1.0, Ambari 2.7.3, ...;	3.1.0	2018-12
HDP	3.0	Production	Hadoop 3.1.0, container support, GPU processing, Hybrid Cloud provisioning. Almost all components upgraded: Oozie 4.3.1, Hive 3.0.0, Druid 0.12.0, Zeppelin 0.8.0, HBase 2.0.0, Knox 1.0.0, Ranger 1.0.0, Atlas 1.0.0, Ambari 2.7.x, ... Desupport: Flume, Falcon, Manhout, ...	3.0.1	2018-07
HDP	2.6	Production	Hadoop 2.7.3. Upgraded components: Druid 0.9.2, Spark 1.6.3/2.1, Zeppelin 0.7.0, Atlas 0.8.0, Kafka 0.10.1, Ambari 2.5.0, Knox 0.11.0, Ranger 0.7.0, ...	2.6.5	2017-04
HDP	2.5	Production	Hadoop 2.7.3. Upgraded components: Ambari 2.4.0, Spark 1.6.2/2.0, Kafka 0.10.0, Pig 0.16.0, Hive 1.2.1/2.1, Zeppelin 0.6.0, Knox 0.9.0, Ranger 0.6.0, ...	2.5.6	2016-08	2018-08
HDP	2.4	Production	Hadoop 2.7.1. Upgraded components: Ambari 2.2.1, Spark 1.6.0, HBase 1.1.2, Kafka 0.9.0.	2.4.3	2016-03	2018-03
HDP	2.3	Production	Hadoop 2.7.1, Hive 1.2.1, Ambari 2.1, Spark 1.3.1, Ranger 0.5. Smart Hadoop configuration, dashboards. Added support for Apache Atlas 0.5 (governance module), Cloudbreak 1.0. (2.3.2): Spark 1.4.1.	2.3.6	2015-07	2017-07
HDP	2.2	Production	Hadoop 2.6, Hive 0.14. Added support for Apache Spark 1.2.1, Slider 0.60 and Ranger 0.4. Deprecated: Nagios, Ganglia.	2.2.9	2014-12	2016-12
HDP	2.1	Production	Hadoop 2.4.0, Hive 0.13, Hbase 0.98, Flacon 0.5, Flume 1.4, Ambari 1.6, ... Added support for Solr, Tez, Storm, Falcon, Knox.	2.1.15	2014-04
HDP	2.0	Production	Hadoop 2.2.0, Hive 0.12, Hbase 0.96, Flume 1.4, Ambari 1.4.1, ...	2.0.13	2013-10
HDP	1.3	Production	Hadoop 1.2.0 (HDFS, YARN, MapReduce), Pig 0.11, Hive 0.11.0, Apache HBase 0.94.6, Sqoop 1.4.3, ... Oracle connectors. HDFS snapshot for PITR.	1.3.10	2013-05
HDP	1.2	Production	Hadoop 1.1.2, Pig 0.10.1, Hive 0.5.0, HBase 0.94.2.	1.2	2013-02
HDP	1.1	Production	Some upgrades: Sqoop 1.4.2.	1.1	2012-09
HDP	1.0	Production	Based on Apache Hadoop 1.0.3. Contains: Pig 0.9.2, Hive 0.9.0, Apache HBase 0.92.1, Sqoop 1.4.1, Oozie 3.1.2, Apache ZooKeeper 3.3.4, Ganglia 3.2.0, Nagios 3.2.3, ...	1.0	2012-06

Cloudera	CDH		Cloudera offered the first distribution for Hadoop: CDH (Cloudera Distribution including apache Hadoop). CDH is 100% Open Source but the management interface (Cloudera Manager) is proprietary.
CDH	6	Production	Based on Hadoop 3.0. HBase 2.0, Hive 2.1, Kafka 1.0, Solr 7.0. JDK 1.8. (6.3.3): downloading new versions require a valid license or user. Desupport: Cloudera Express	6.3.4	2014-03
CDH	5	Production	Based on Hadoop 2.3.0 or later. (5.3.0 2014-12). (5.4.0 2015-04). (5.4.4 2015-07): fixes. (5.5.0): Flume 1.6, Sentry 1.5.1, Spark 1.5.0 (5.6.0 2016-03): EMC DSSD D5 Integration for DataNodes (5.7.0 2016-04): Spark 1.6, HBase 1.2, Hive on Spark, RH/CentOS/OEL 7.2, better performance	5.13.0	2014-03
CDH	4	Production	Based on Hadoop 2.0	4.7.1	2012-06	2015-08
CDH	3	Retired		3 upd6	2011-03	2013-06
CDH	2	Retired		2	2010-03
CDH	1	Retired		1	2009-03

MapR	MapR		MapR distribution uses MapR FS instead of HDFS for superior performances and availability. MapR also adds management features in 3 different Editions with increasing funcionalities (M3 community, M5 enterprise, M7 database).
MapR	6	Production		6.2.0	2017
MapR	5	Production	Hadoop 2.7, Spark 1.3.1. (5.2 2016-08): Spark 1.6.1/2.0, Hive 1.2, Pig 0.15, HBase 1.1, ...	5.2.1	2015-07
MapR	4	Production	Hadoop 2.5.1, Hive 0.13, Pig 0.14, Spark 1.2.1	4.1.0	2014-09	EOL 2017-01
MapR	3	Production		3.1.1	2013-05	EOL 2016-02
MapR	1	Old	(1.2 2011-12): Hadoop 0.23 with MapReduce 2.0	1	2011

On October 3, 2018 — Cloudera Inc. and Hortonworks Inc. announced their merge leveraging Hortonworks’ end-to-end data management with Cloudera’s data warehousing and machine learning knowledge.
In August 2019 Mapr was sold to Hewlett Packard Enterprise.

HBase

HBase is the Hadoop database.
Apache HBase is an open-source, distributed, versioned, non-relational, CP database modeled after Google's Bigtable.
Apache HBase provides Bigtable-like capabilities on top of Hadoop and HDFS.

(Sources: HBase Releases HBase issues Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2.0	Production	2.4: current stable	2.3.7 2.4.15 2.5.2	2018-04	2022-12	Suggested
1.2+	Devel		1.7.2		2022-08
1.2	Production		1.2.7	2016-02	2018-09
1.1	Production		1.1.10	2015-05	2017-04
1.0	Production		1.0.3	2015-02	2016-01
0.98	Production		0.98.24	2014-02	2017-01
0.96	EOL		0.96.1.1	2013-10	2013-12
0.94	EOL		0.94.27	2012-05	2015-03
0.1.0	EOL	Initial as different subproject	0.1.3	2008-03	2008-06
0.16	EOL	Initial release bundled with Hadoop 0.16.0	0.16.0	2008-02	2008-02

Cassandra

Cassandra is an open source NoSQL AP database designed by Facebook to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers.
Cassandra offers support for clusters spanning multiple servers and datacenters with asynchronous masterless replication.
Cassandra has new query language (CQL). CQL is similar to SQL but it does not supports joins.
Cassandra integrates with Hadoop MapReduce, Pig and Hive.
Cassandra does not offer ACID transactions but BASE transactions and is very, very fast in write operations.

(Sources: Official Site Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4.0	Production	Java 11, virtual tables, audit logging, full query logging, improvements in messaging and streaming. Experimental: Transient replication. (4.1 2022-12): Paxos v2, Guardrails, many CQL improvements	4.0.7 4.1.0	2021-07	2022-12
3.10	Production	Tick-Tock releases	3.11.14	2017-02	2022-10
3	Production		3.0.28	2015-11	2022-10
2	Unsupported	Lightweight transactions (Paxos), trigger	2.0.17 (des.) 2.1.22 (des.) 2.2.19 (crit.)	2013-09 2014-09 2015-07	2015-09 2020-08 2020-11
1	Old	Improved read performances. 1.1 row-level isolation 1.2 virtual node clustering	1.2.19
0	Old	0.6 MapReduce, input full integration for Hadoop MapReduce jobs. 0.7 Support for Pig output. 0.8 CQL language.	0.8	2010-04

Hive

Hive is an open source database designed on top of Hadoop.
Hive has several data warehouse commands and HiveQL a query language similar to SQL.
HiveQL is the de facto standard SQL interface for Hadoop.

(Sources: Apache Hive Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4	Production	Hadoop 3.3.1+	4.0.0-alpha-2
3	Production	Hadoop 3.x. (3.1.0 2018-07)	3.1.3	2018-05	2022-04
2	Production	Hadoop 2.x. Hive-on-Spark enhancements, HiveServer2 web UI, CLI mode in Beeline, HPL/SQL, Live Long And Process (LLAP), ...	2.3.9	2016-02	2021-06
1	Production	Hadoop 1.x and Hadoop 2.x (1.1 2015-03) DISTINCT. (1.2 2015-05) UNION DISTINCT.	1.2.2	2015-02	2017-04
0	Production	Internal tool in Facebook and then Open Sourced to Apache. SELECT with UDF and MapReduce extensions. Table partitioning on Hadoop. (0.6 2010-10). (0.7 2011-03) Indexes, HAVING clause. (0.8 2011-12) Bitmap indexes. (0.10 2013-01) CUBE, ROLLUP, GROUPING_ID. (0.11 2013-05) HiveServer2 (better concurrency, security), Beeline (new CLI interface), Join optimizations, Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) file format. (0.12 2013-10) vectorized query. (0.13 2014-04) ACID transactions, subquery, implicit joins, Hive on Tez. (0.14 2014-11) UPDATE, DELETE; dropped support for Hadoop 0.20.x and 0.23.x	0.14	2008	2014-11

Zookeeper

Zookeeper is a distributed, open-source coordination service for distributed applications.
Zookeeper provides a distributed configuration and synchronization service for Hadoop tools (eg. Hadoop, Hive, Kafka).
A Zookeper ensemble is composed by an odd set of nodes sharing the same hierarchical name space with totally ordered updates.
Zookeeper uses the Zab broadcast protocol to propagate state updates.

(Sources: Apache Zookeeper Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3	Production	(3.3 2010-03). (3.4 2012-09). (3.5 2019-05) Dynamic Reconfiguration, local sessions, TLS; JDK 1.8+. (3.6 2020-03) Performance and security improvements. (3.7 2021-03) Quota enforcement, whoami API. (3.8 2022-03) All known CVE fix, JDK17 support, security improvements. (3.9 2023-08) Admin server API, dynamic loading for client trust/key store. 3.5 EOL since 2022-06. 3.6 EOL since 2022-12.	3.6.4 3.7.2 3.8.4 3.9.2	2008-10	2022-12 2023-10 2024-03 2024-03
0	EOL	Born as an Hadoop sub-project		2007

ZooKeeper server generally supports two previous client releases. A ZooKeeper ensemble can be upgraded online: start with follower nodes and upgrade the leader node last (rolling upgrade).

etcd

etcd is an open-source, distributed, reliable, key-value store for the most critical data of a distributed system
    Simple: well-defined, user-facing API (gRPC)
    Secure: automatic TLS with optional client cert authentication
    Fast: benchmarked 10,000 writes/sec
    Reliable: properly distributed using Raft
etcd is written in Go and uses the Raft consensus algorithm to manage a highly-available replicated log
etcd is used by many distribuited applications like k8s, Patroni, ...

(Sources: etcd Changelog )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3	Production		3.4.23 3.5.6	2016-06	2022-12
2	Production		2.3.8	2015-01	2016-06
0	EOL	Born in Google as a zookeeper alternative without java delays	0.5.0	2013-08	2014-12

etcd upgrades can be a zero-downtime, rolling upgrades...

Kafka

Kafka is a messaging system built in Scala and Java.
Kafka provides an high-throughput, low-latency platform for handling real-time data feeds.

(Sources: Downloads GitHub Wikipedia Confluent (Support) ):

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4	Planned	Zookeeper desupport, APIs < Kafka 2.1, Java 11 for broker.
3	Production	Self-managed quorum (based on Raft protocol), stronger delivery guarantees for the Kafka producer, optimizations in OffsetFetch and FindCoordinator. Deprecation: Java 8, Scala 2.12, message formats v0 and v1. (3.1.0 2022-01): Topic ID in FetchRequest, latency in mills and nanos, SASL/OAUTHBEARER with support for OIDC, Java 17 support Deprecation: eager rebalance protocol (3.2.0 2022-05): log4j replaced, KRaft StandardAuthorizer, static membership, list of all connector plugins, ... (3.3.1 2022-10): KRaft production ready, pause/resume stream topologies, exactly-once support for source connectors, ... (3.3.2 2023-01): fixes. (3.4.0 2023-02): Rack-aware partition assignment for Consumers, allow MultiCasting a Result Record; Early Access: live migration Kafka clusters from Zookeeper to KRaft. (3.5.0 2023-06): Full rack-aware support, versioned state stores, MirrorMaker improvements. Deprecation: Zookeeper (3.6.0 2023-10): Migration from Zookeeper to KRaft is production ready. (3.7.0 2024-02): Leader discovery optimisations, official Docker image, client metrics, client exponential backoff, ... Deprecation: APIs < Kafka 2.1, Java 11 for broker. (3.8.0 2024-07): JBOD feature improvements, compression improvements, ... Deprecation: offsets.commit.required.acks	3.9.0	2021-09	2024-11
2	Production	ACL, Quota management; Java 7 desupport (2.5 2020-04): TLS 1.3 support, TLS 1.2 as default, more metrics, ZooKeeper 3.5.7; Scala 2.11 desupport (2.6 2020-08): TLS 1.3 default for Java 11, ZooKeeper 3.5.8, scaling out of Kafka Streams (2.7 2020-12): Configurable TCP connection timeout, Throttle topic operations, Sliding-Window for Aggregations (2.8 2021-04): Self-managed quorum, broker creation rate limit, describe cluster API	2.8.2	2018-07	2022-09
1	EOL	Scala 2.11 and 2.12, Java 9 support, more metrics, improved stream API, ...	1.1.1	2017-11	2018-07
0	EOL	(0.7 2012-01): Apache incubator first release (0.9 2015-11): Connect API; Scala 2.9 desupport (0.10 2016-05): Streams API, brokers forward compatible	0.11.3	2010-11	2018-07

MQTT

MQTT is a lightweight publish/subscribe messaging system.
MQTT is the de facto standard protocol for IoT.

(Sources: MQTT.org Wikipedia ):

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date	Notes
5	Production	Shared Subscriptions, more Error Reporting, Will Delay, Message Properties, Session and Message expiry, ...	5.0	2019-03
3.1.1	Production	OASIS Standard. Protocol version 4	3.1.1	2014-11
1	OLD	Developed by Andy Stanford-Clark (IBM) and Arlen Nipper (Cirrus Link) to monitor an oil pipeline! (3.1 2010-08): Protocol version 3	3.1	1999-07

MongoDB

MongoDB is the most used NoSQL database according to several statistics.
MongoDB is an Open Source, document database who stores individual data as document (BSON) into collections.
MongoDB has indexes, replication and sharding.

(Sources: MongoDB Downloads Release notes 8.0 (older: 7.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.4, 4.2) Support policy Lifecycles Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
8.0	Production	Performance improvements, queryable encryption, ...	8.0.1	2024-10	2026-08
7.0	Production	Concurrent storage engine transactions dynamic algorithm, compound wildcard indexes, change stream events larger than 16 MB, ...; (Cloud): Atlas search index management, (2023-12): GA for MongoDB Atlas Vector Search	7.0.14	2023-08	2026-08	Suggested
6.0	Production	Time Series improvements, new aggregation operators and operators, setClusterParameter, partial indexes, ...	6.0.18	2022-07	2025-07
5.0	Production	Time Series, new aggregation operators, ... Rapid Releases (eg. 5.1, 5.2, ...). Deprecated: mongo shell (use mongosh instead). Desupport: geoHaystack Index, geoSearch	5.0.29	2021-07	2024-10
4.4	Production	Custom Aggregation Expressions, Global Read and Write Concerns, Refinable Shard Keys, IAM authentication, ...	4.4.29	2020-07	2024-02
4.2	Production	Distribuited transactions, on-demand materialized view, field encryption, ... Desupport: MMAPv1 Storage Engine, mongodump can't be used on sharded clusters, some command and methods (eg. group, eval, copydb, clone, ...)	4.2.25	2019-08	2023-04
4.0	Production	Multi-document Transactions, new string and conversion opertators for Aggregation, configurable rollbackTimeLimitSecs, ... Deprecation: MMAPv1 Storage Engine. Desupport: MONGODB-CR authentication, pv0 replica protocol, Master-Slave Replication, TLS 1.0	4.0.28	2018-06	2022-04
3.6	Production	Default bind on localhost, more Expressive $lookup, ... Deprecation: MONGODB-CR authentication. Desupport: HTTP REST API	3.6.23	2017-11	2021-04
3.4	Production	Membership Awareness; zoned sharding; linearizable read concerns, views, and collation; decimal 128 datatype; many new Aggregation Stages and Operators.	3.4.24	2016-11	2020-01
3.2	Production	WiredTiger as default storage engine, replica set for config server, replication check enhancements, additional CRUD methods in mongo, document validation. Compass GUI. (3.2.1 2016-01) Fixes	3.2.22	2015-12	2018-09
3.0	Production	Pluggable Engine Stores, WiredTiger storage engine support (document level locks, compression), SHA-1 authentication, replica set up to 50 members, support for collection-level locking in MMAPv1, better explain, ...	3.0.15	2015-03	2018-02
2.6	Production	New writer protocol, bulk operations, Text search enabled by default, query intersection, ...	2.6.12	2014-04	2016-10
2.4	Production	V8 JavaScript Engine, Hashed indexes, better geospatial support, database-level locks instead of global locks, ...	2.4.14	2013-03	2016-03
2.2	Production	Lock yielding, Reader-writers lock at database level (instead of mongod level).	2.2.7	2012-08	2014-02
2.0	Production		2.0.9	2011-10	2013-03
1.8	Production		1.8.5	2011-03	2012-09
1.6	Production		1.6.5-post	2010-08	2012-02
1.4	Production	Official RPM	1.4.5	2010-03	2012-09
1.2	Production		1.2	2009-12	2011-06
1.0	Production	From PaaS by 10gen to Open Source	1.0	2009-02	2010-08

Odd minor releases numbers (eg. 4.3) are rapid or development releases, from 5.0 minor releases (eg. 5.1, 5.2) are always rapid releases.

CouchDB

Apache CouchDB is a database that uses JSON for documents, 
JavaScript for MapReduce indexes, and regular HTTP for its API. CouchDB supports ACID transactions on MVCC.
CouchDB is written in Erlang, uses views for MapReduce and has a very easy web interface (Futon).

(Sources: Release Notes GitHub Wikipedia CouchDB archives )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3.0	Production	User-defined partitioned databases, automated shard splitting, new automatic compaction daemon.	3.3.0	2020-02	2022-12
2.0	Production	Native clustering, Mango Query Server JSON-based.	2.3.1	2016-09	2019-07
1.x	Production	(1.5.0 2013-11). (1.6.0 2014-05).	1.7.1	2010-07	2017-11
0.x	Incubated	Initialy (since 2005) developed by by Daminen Katz (then moved to Couchbase) become an Apache project on 2008.	0.11.2	2009-10	2010-08

Couchbase

Couchbase takes the best from his two parents: CouchDB and Membase.
Couchbase adds to memcached features like persistence, data replication and document management.

(Sources: Couchbase Support Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
7	Production	HA for Analytics Service, Tableau connector, joins reordering, optimizer hints, RBAC support, ...	7.1.3	2022-05	2025-07
7	Production	Multi-Statement SQL Transactions, Scopes and Collections, user-defined functions (UDFs), cost-based optimizer, backup service.	7.0.3	2021-07	2025-07
6	Production	N1QL for analytics, NoETL, Full-Text Search improvements (6.5 2020-01): distributed ACID transactions, additions to N1QL and the Query Service, CTE. Developer preview: index advisor, UDF	6.6.4	2018-10	2023-10
5	Production	Role Based Access Control (RBAC) for Applications, Full Text Search, N1QL Enhancements, new web console, Visual Query Plan, Query Monitoring	5.5.6	2017-10	2021-10
4	Production	Multi-Dimensional Scaling, N1QL (SQL for JSON), indexing, geospatial views, enhanced security, and filtered cross datacenter replication 4.1 (2015-12): Full DML in N1QL, covering indexes, support for Windows 10 and MAC OS X 4.5 (2016-06): Query Workbench, scriptable query shell (CBQ), memory-optimized indexes, full-text search, role-based access control, Docker and OpenShift certification 4.6 (2017-02): Cross datacenter replication, N1QL Enhancements, Data Structures, Big Data connectors, CBImport and CBExport	4.6.5	2015-10	2019-08
3	Production		3.1.6	2015-03	2018-02
2	Old		2.5	2012-12	2016-12
1	Old	Membase merged with CouchOne creating Couchbase	1.8	2011-02	2015-01

CockroachDB

CockroachDB is a key-value distributed database built with ACID transactions.
It scales horizontally and survives failures with minimal latency. It uses both the PostgreSQL SQL language and the libpq wire protocol.

(Sources: Releases Feature summary Supported versions Wikipedia )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Date (EOL)	Notes
24.3	Production	Desupport: Core offering is retired	24.3.0	2024-11	2024-11
24.2	Production	Generic query plans, vector search (preview, enterprise, no indexes), ...	24.2.0	2024-08	2024-08	2025-02
24.1	Production	MOLT Fetch for data migration, Stored Procedures improvements, Read Commetted isolation is GA, ...	24.1.3	2024-05	2024-08	2025-05
23.2	Production	ARM binaries, UDF in mutations, read commited isolation (preview) Enterprise: stored procedures and PL/pgSQL, column level encryption, Physical Cluster Replication (preview)	23.2.9	2024-02	2024-08	2025-07
23.1	Production	Full-text search, UDF (User-Defined Functions) enhancements, DELETE...USING, VIEWJOB system privilege, ... Enterprise: CDC (Change Data Capture) Queries, EXTERNAL CONNECTION, Oauth authentication, up to 400 incremental backups, faster leaseholder and reduced TTL for GC, sharing storage ranges across indexes/tables, ...	23.1.25	2023-05	2024-08	2024-11
22.2	Production	New privilege model, row-level TTL, trigram indexes, invisible indexes, schema conversion tool, ...	22.2.19	2022-12	2024-02	2024-06
22.1	Production	Hash-sharded indexes, super regions, QoS level, WITH GRANT OPTION privilege, SCRAM authentication, ... Enterprise: stream data to a Pub/Sub sink, backup encryption keys rotation, ... Deprecated: BACKUP TO	22.1.22	2022-05	2023-08	2023-11
21.2	Production	Privilege inheritance (now == Postgres), ON UPDATE, expression indexes, ... Enterprise: Multi-region observability, ALTER DATABASE..PLACEMENT RESTRICTED, BACKUP scalability, ...	21.2.17	2021-11	2022-10	2023-05
21.1	Production	Cluster API v2.0, better EXPLAIN and EXPLAIN ANALYZE, partial GIN Indexes, sequence Cache, PG 13 wire-compatible, asynchronous jobs, ... Enterprise: Multi-Region Improvements, Follower Reads for Read-Only TX	21.1.21	2021-05	2022-09	2022-11
20.2	Production	Kubernetes operator, spatial data, Pebble storage engine, SQL enhancements: user-defined schema, materialized views, partial indexes, materialized views... Enterprise: AWS Key Management Service (KMS) support	20.2.19	2020-11	2022-02	2022-05
20.1	Production	SELECT FOR UPDATE, foreign key improvements, schema change controls, slow query log, recursive CTE, Temporary Tables (exp.), ... Enterprise: full-cluster backup, encrypted backups, ...	20.1.17	2020-05	2021-05	2021-11
19.2	Production	Business Source License (BSL)	19.2.12	2019-11	2021-01	2021-05
19.1	Production	New numbering version: 1.Spring, 2.Fall.	19.1.11	2019-04	2020-07	2020-10
2.1	Production	Easier migration from MySQL and Postgres, improved scalability on transactional workloads, ...	2.1.11	2018-10	2020-01	2020-04
2.0	Production	Enhanched PostgreSQL compatibility, JSON support, multi-regional clusters support, performance improvements, ...	2.0.7	2018-04	2018-12	2019-10
1.1	Production	Improved performance, simplified cluster management for operators, ...	1.1.9	2017-10	2018-10	2019-04
1.0	Production	General Availability as production-ready with an ACID distribuited SQL. Apache 2.0 license. Some features (eg. distributed backup and restore) require an enterprise license.	1.0.7	2017-05	2018-02	2018-11
0	Beta	Distribuited database written in Go language and using RocksDB as key-value engine.	beta-20170420	2017-04	2016-04

CockroachDB allows cluster rolling updates for both Cloud and Kubernetes deployments. CockroachDB Serverless clusters are subject to automatic upgrades for both major and minor releases.

Redis

Redis is a fast in-memory key-value database. Redis has built-in replication, transactions and different levels of on-disk persistence.
Redis Sentinel provides high availability and Redis Cluster provides automatic partitioning.

(Sources: Release notes 7.0 7.2 7.4 Wikipedia Documentation )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
7.4	Stable	Dual-licensed under the Redis Source Available License (RSALv2) and Server Side Public License (SSPLv1): no more BSD-3 Open Source license.	7.4.1	2024-07	2024-10
7	Stable	New user-facing features, performance optimizations, ... (7.2 2023-08): nothing log level, CLUSTER SLOTS / SHARDS commands during loading, SPOP and RESTORE replicate unlink commands to replicas using async server deletes, numerous optimizations	7.2.6	2022-04	2024-10
6	Stable	New more powerful API for modules, SSL on all channels, faster expired keys eviction, ... (6.2 2021-01): New commands	6.0.19 6.2.12	2020-04 2021-01	2023-04 2023-04
5	Old	Stream data type, ... (5.0.8 2020-03): security fixes. (5.0.14 2021-10): security fixes.	5.0.14	2018-10	2021-10
4	Old	PSYNC2 replication, MEMORY command,	4.0.14	2017-07	2019-03
3	Unsupported	Clustering	3	2015-04
2	Unsupported	(2.6): LUA server-side scripting	2
1	Unsupported	(1.1): journaling		2009-05

Elasticsearch

Elasticsearch is a powerful search engine written in Java and based on Lucene.
The API uses HTTP and JSON. Logstash in the data collection engine and Kibana is visualization tool.
Elasticsearch indexes can be distribuited in shards on different servers with well scaling performances.

(Sources: Release notes Github EOL dates Documentation )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Date (EOL)	Notes
8	Production	Vector search, native support for NLP (natural language processing), simplified data onboarding, streamlined security by default, ...	8.7.1	2022-02	2023-05	2024-08
7	Production	Lucene 8, Block-max WAND, Zen2 Cluster, Kibana dark mode and responsive, nanosecond support, ... Desupport: pre 6.0 indexes. (7.1 2019-05): Some important security features in Elastic Basic license: RBAC and TLS (7.11 2021-01): Changes in licensing from Apache 2.0 to dual licensing with the SSPL or the Elastic License	7.17.10	2019-04	2023-05	2023-06
6	EOL	Sequence IDs, search scalability, security, migration assistant. Desupport: pre 5.0 indexes. (6.3 2018-06): Elasticsearch SQL, Lucene 7.3. (6.5): Kibana spaces. (6.6 2019-01): index lifecycle management, cross-cluster search, Lucene 7.6 snapshot. (6.7 2019-03): Elastic Maps. (6.8 2019-05): Some important security features in Elastic Basic license: RBAC and TLS.	6.8.8	2017-11	2020-03	2022-02
5	EOL	Unified versioning for Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana, and Beats; Painless scripting language; ingest nodes; pipelines. Based on Lucene 6.2. Desupport: pre 2.0 indexes	5.6.16	2016-10	2019-03	2019-03
2	EOL		2.4.6	2015-10	2017-06	2018-02
1	EOL		1.7.6	2014-02	2016-11	2017-01
0	EOL			2010-02

Migration between minor versions (e.g. 6.x to 6.y) can be performed by upgrading one node at a time. Migration between consecutive major versions (e.g. 2.x to 5.x) requires a full cluster restart. Migration between non-consecutive major versions is not supported.

Neo4j

Neo4j is a graph database written in Java available both as server or embedded.
Can be queried by Cypher Query Language through a transactional HTTP endpoint. Neo4j uses Lucene for indexing.

(Sources: Official site Github )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4	Production	System database, Fine-Grained Security, greater Index Key Size, Back Pressure & Flow Control. (4.4.2 2021-12) Update Log4j to 2.16.0 CVE-2021-45046.	4.4.2	2019-12	2021-08
3	Production	Mixed call within Cypher, Neo4j Sync, new configuration. (3.1 2016-12): Clustering, Security. (3.5 2016-12): Native indexes, fulltex indexes, compiled expressions.	3.5.26	2016-10	2021-01
2	EOL	Node labels, Neo4j Browser, Schemas, indexes in Cypher	2.3.11	2014-02	2017-11
1	EOL		1.9.9	2010-02	2014-11
0	EOL			2007

Neo4j supports direct upgrades from previous releases.

InfluxDB

InfluxDB is an Open Source time series database written in Go.
Telegraf, InfluxDB, Chronograf and Kapacitor are known as the TICK Stack where InfluxDB is the database component, of course.

(Sources: Official site Doc Github Telegraf )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2	Production	Whole TICK stack in a component, FLUX for everything. (2.0.8 2021-08): go version 1.16, macOS 10.11 desupport. (2.0.9): influxdb-cli on a separate repository	2.7.10	2020-11	2024-08
1	Production	API and storage format stability. InfluxDB Enterprise for HA (Closed Source) (1.7 2018-11): Flux language support, Time Series Index (TSI), performance improvements (1.8 2020-07): InfluxDB 2.0 API forward compatibility, Flux 0.65	1.7.11 1.8.10	2016-11 2018-11 2020-07	2021-03 2021-10
0	EOL	High performance datastore for time series data. Single binary written in Go. Simple HTTP(S) APIs. Plugins support for data ingestion protocols: Graphite, collectd, and OpenTSDB.	0.13	2013-10	2016-05

ClickHouse

ClickHouse is an Open Source columnar database optimized for OLAP queries.
Written in C++ gives real time performance on analytic queries using SQL.

(Sources: Changelog GitHub Supported Releases Cloud Changelog)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
25	Production	Parquet output format uses date/time types supported by Parquet, enhanched embedded Web UI, several performance improvement, apply_mutations_on_fly, BFloat16 data type, ...	25.1.4.53	2025-01	2025-02
24	Production	Performance optimizations: HTTP output, replica, compression level control, memory for merges. New features: variant datatype, ... New functions: punycode, arrayShingles, quantileDD, ... (24.5): Larger CROSS JOINS supported, NPY output format, Form format, bulk load to EmbeddedRocksDB, ...	24.3.16.16-lts 24.8.13.16-lts 24.12.4.9	2024-01	2025-02
23	Production	Refactor streaming engines Kafka/RabbitMQ/NATS and support for all formats, ... (23.2 2023-02) StorageIceberg, ... (23.3 2023-03) Lightweight DELETE, 256-bit Decimal data type, ... (23.5 2023-05) keeper-client, azureBlobStorage, ... (23.8 2023-08) azureBlobStorageCluster, system.kafka_consumers, max_sessions_for_user, ...; available serverless on AWS Lambda, SharedMergeTree Engine (for Cloud usage only); Experimental: S3Queue.	23.3.22.3−lts 23.8.16.40−lts 23.12.6.19	2023-01	2024-08
22	Production	Automatic Schema Interface, Parallel Reading from Replicas, Resource Usage in cli, Cluster Discovery, Hive table engine, ARM full support. (22.2 2022-02) table projection, custom deduplication, ... (22.3 2022-03) remote file system cache, S3 full support, hive table function, X.509 authentication, schema inference, CPU and memory metrics in client, ... (22.5 2022-05) memory overcommit, Prometheus output format. (22.7 2022-07) CREATE INDEX, ... (22.8 2022-08) lightweight UPDATE, range of Date32 and DateTime64 from the year 1900 to 2299, interactive query parameters, JSON formatted log. (22.9 2022-09) /dashboard	22.3.20.29−lts 22.8.21.38-lts 22.12.6.22	2022-01	2023-08
21	Production	REPLACE TABLE, UNION DISTINCT, countSubstrings(), clickhouse-client editor, gRPC, mannWitneyUTest, studentTTest and welchTTest statistics functions. (21.2 2021-02) PostgreSQL table and database engine. (21.3-lts 2021-03) deltaSum. Experimental: window functions! (21.4 2021-04) DateTime64, dictGetOrNull. (21.5 2021-05) s3Cluster(), support for replicas and shards in MySQL/PostgreSQL table engine. Experimental: clickhouse-keeper (21.6 2021-06) UInt128 and Decimal256 data types, cast operator (::), ... (21.7 2021-07) dateName(), toJSONString(), sequenceNextNode(); incompatible change in clickhouse-keeper. (21.8 2021-08) partial support of SQL/JSON standard, system metrics collection (system.asynchronous_metrics, system.asynchronous_metric_log), MaterializedPostgreSQL table/database engine, ... (21.9 2021-09) INTERSECT, EXCEPT, ANY, ALL, natural language processing (NLP) functions, SQLite engines, custom queries in dictionaries, default database for users, at rest data encryption, ... (21.10 2021-10) user-defined functions (UDF), Executable ExecutablePool storage engines, SHA512, snowflake id conversion functions, ... (21.11 2021-11) scheduled background merges; asynchronous INSERT mode, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, EXISTS subqueries, vector cosineDistance() and other euclidean distance functions.	21.8.15.7-lts 21.12.4.1	2021-01	2022-02
20	Production	DateTime64 with sub-second precision, TTL move TO, multiple profiles, more functions in the H3 geo library, reduced ZooKeeper footprint. (20.2.1-prestable 2020-02) CREATE USER, GRANT/REVOKE access, polygon dictionaries (20.3 2020-03) Avro and AvroConfluent input/output format, ALTER... MATERIALIZE TTL, last_successful_update_time for dictionaries, zero() and zero_mt(), system.metric_log, connection sharing for external MySQL dictionaries, new CREATE LIVE VIEW syntax. (20.3.6.40, 2020-04) LTS. (20.4.2.9, 2020-05) RBAC: standard SQL statement GRANT. (20.5.2.7, 2020-07) New system tables: users, roles, grants, ... TTL DELETE WHERE/GROUP BY, PostgreSQL wire protocol, MySQL style global variables, Kafka enhancements, Atomic database engine. (20.6.3.28 2020-08) EXPLAIN, ILIKE, ORC for output. (20.8.2.3 2020-09) MySQL replica via MaterializedMySQL Engine, time_zones, date_trunc. (20.9.2.20 2020-09) column transformers. (20.10.1.20 2020-10) Atomic database engine as default. (20.11.3.3 2020-11) OFFSET in ORDER BY, Int128, Int256 datatypes, AES encryption, system.replicated_fetches, LDAP users. NB: requires a specific procedure for cluster upgrades. (20.12.3.3 2020-12) ALTER UPDATE/DELETE IN PARTITION, COLLATE support for complex datatypes.	20.8.18.32-lts 20.12.5.14	2020-01	2021-04
19	Production	(19.1.3 2019-02) ALTER compression codec, Delta codec, CatBoost, HDFS tables, ... (19.3.3 2019-02) KILL MUTATION, toStartOfInterval(), LowCardinality, Protobuf output format, ... (19.4.0.49 2019-03) Multiple JOINS. (19.6.2.11 2019-05) TTL. (19.11.3.11 2019-07) DoubleDelta and Gorilla codecs, H3. (19.14.3.3, 2019-09) WITH FILL in ORDER BY, table constraints, cascaded MV, ORC input format, INSERT in Kafka, _timestamp in Kafka, system.metric_log, system.text_log. Experimental: LIVE VIEW, Template format. (19.15.2.2 2019-10) Tiered storage. (19.17.4.11 2019-11) SQL Create Dictionary, full S3 integration. (19.14.8.9, 2019-12) LTS.	19.14.13.4‑lts 19.16.19.85 19.17.9.60	2019-01	2020-07
18	Production	New version numbering: year+version. JOIN syntax, ... (18.1.0 2018-07) ALTER DELETE. (18.12.14 2018-09) ALTER UPDATE.	18.16.1	2018-07	2018-12
1	Production	(1.1.54245 2017-07) pubblic release. Dictionary, distribuited DDL, HTTP interface. (1.1.54310 2017-11) custom partitioning, Kafka Engine, arithmetic with time intervals. (1.1.54337 2018-01) MySQL tables, ODBC support. (1.1.54388 2018-06) ALTER DELETE on replicated tables.	1.1.54394	2017-07	2018-07
0	Production	Developed intitially for internal use for Yandex.Metrica, Open sourced on 2016-06 (Apache license 2.0).		2016-06

Upgrades are generally smooth with ClickHouse: shutdown the database, upgrade the software and start the database again. With clusters simply upgrade nodes one by one.
"Stable" releases are quite frequent and sometime have regressions... but You can use Altinity Stable Releases: 1.1.54292, 1.1.54327, 1.1.54343, 1.1.54385, 18.14.15, 18.14.19, 19.11.8, 19.13.7.57, 19.16.10.44, 19.16.12.49, 19.16.14.65, 19.16.19.85, 20.3.12.112, 20.3.19.4, 20.8.7.15, 21.1.7.1, 21.3.13.9, 21.8.8 or Yandex LTS Releases: 19.14.8.9, 19.14.10.16, ..., 19.14.13.4, 20.3.20.6, 20.8.14.4, 21.3.14.1, 21.8.15.7, ...

TiDB

TiDB by PingCAP is an Open Source database and supports Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads.
TiDB is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
The architecture includes TiDB (stateless SQL Engine), TiKV (key-value Storage Engine), and PD (Placement Driver).

(Sources: Releases GitHub)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
7	Production	Row-level TTL, object storage sink support, ...	7.5.0	2023-05	2023-12
6	Production	Both DMR (Development Milestone Releases) and LTS. Placement rules, Top SQL, cache hotspot, check for data index consistency, TiDB Enterprise Manager	6.5.6	2022-06	2023-12
5	Production	MPP, cluster indexes, async commit, invisible indexes.	5.4.3	2021-04	2022-10
4	Production	Admin commands, range pruning.	4.0.16	2020-05	2021-12
3	Production	SQL Optimizer improvements, Views, Window Functions, Range and Hash Partitioning. (3.1-rc 2020-04)	3.0.20 3.1.2	2019-06	2020-12
2	Production	Improvement in MySQL compatibility, SQL optimizer, executor, and stability. (2.1 2018-11)	2.1.19	2018-04	2020-05
1	Production	MySQL 5.7 compatible, distribuited database that scales both processing and storage. Based on RocksDB key-value engine and Raft consensus algorithm.	1.0.8	2017-10	2018-02

DB ranking - Popularity

(Source: db-engines.com)
The graph shows the popularity of each RDMBS. The scale is logarithmic: Oracle, MySQL and SQL Server are by far the leaders.

DB ranking - Market share

(Sources: Tweet Gartner )
This graph from Gartner is about DB... money! It shows the position from the market share point of view. The growing importance of Cloud DB Services is the most important trend.

Pentaho

Pentaho is a complete Open Source Suite for Business Intelligence. Now [NdE 2015] is owned by Hitachi.
With the subscription You have full support, integrated packages and more intermediate stable releases.

Data Integration ETL - Kettle - PDI
(Sources: Pentaho Community ~~Hitachi Vantara~~ MAVEN Repo Sourceforge What's new Support )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
9	Production	Multiple Hadoops, Upgrade Installer, S3 support (9.3 2022-05): Java 11, docker deployment, many upgraded components, Log4j security fix, reduced download size and startup time (9.4 2022-11): light weight Kettle engine, UI improvements, ... Last released as Community Edition (9.5 2023-05): Enterprise only (10.0 2023-12): Enterprise only	9.4.0.0-343 CE 10.2.0.1 EE	2020-01	2024-05
8	Production	(8.0 2017-11) (8.1 2018-04) (8.2 2018-11): OpenJDK 8 support. (8.3 2019-07): data lineage components for AMQP, JMS, Kafka, MQTT.	8.3.0.0-371	2017-11	2019-07
7	Production	Requires JRE 8. (7.1 2017-05)	7.0.0.0-25 7.1.0.0-12	2016-11	2017-05
6	Production		6.1.0.1-196	2015-10	2016-04
5	Production	5.1(2014-06), 5.2(2014-10), 5.3 (2015-02), 5.4 (2015-06)	5.4.0.1	2014-01	2015-06
4.x	Production	4.3 (2012-04), 4.4 (2012-11), 4.8 (2013-12)	4.8.3.4	2012-04	2012-11
4.2	Production	Excel Writer step improvements; Progress feedback; Google Analytics step; LDAP Writer step	4.2.0	2011-09	2011-10
4.1	Production	Agile BI Plugin 1.0.2. Metadata injection; Enable/Disable hops; New Steps: JSON Input/Output, Conditional, LDAP Output, Run SSH, Email input, String Operation, Write to File, ...	4.1.0	2010-11
4.0	Production		4.0.1	2010-06
3.2	Production		3.2.0	2009-05
3.1	Production		3.1.0	2008-09
3.0	Production		3.0.4	2008-06
2.5	Production		2.5.2	2007-11

The Pentaho Suite is composed by several environments...

Business Intelligence Server BI
(Sources: Sourceforge Pentaho Community)

Reporting PRD
(Sourceforge)

Pentaho Metadata PME
(Sourceforge)

Pentaho Data Mining Weka - PDMCE
(Sourceforge)

OWB: Oracle Warehouse Builder

OWB (Oracle Warehouse Builder) is an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) product developed by Oracle.
OWB is generally used to consolidate data between Oracle databases.

(Sources: OWB Blog Wikipedia Statement of direction )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
11.2	Production	Last release of OWB (see ODI).	11.2.0.4	2009-09	2015-01 (ES 2022-07)
11gR1	Production	Oracle RDBMS 11g certification		2007-07	2012-08 (ES 2015-08)
10gR2	Production	integrated into the Oracle Developer Suite. Dimensional modelling, data profiling, ...		2006-05	2010-07 (ES 2013-07)
10gR1	Production	Oracle RDBMS 10g certification
9i	Production	mapping debugger, process flow editing, multi-table insert, ...		2003
3i	Production	ETL mapping designer
2	Production			2000-01

OWB upgrades are well documented.
Oracle RDBMS versions 18+ are not supported by OWB. Migration to ODI 12c, see below, is strongly suggested (cfr. Note: 1503877.1)

ODI: Oracle Data Integrator

ODI (Oracle Data Integrator) is an EL-T (Extract, Load, and Transform).
ODI uses a central Repository, external Agents and several graphic tools. ODI supports heterogeneous sources and targets.

(Sources: ODI Blog Wikipedia MOS 456313.1 )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
12.2	Production	(12.2.1.2.6 2016-12) (12.2.1.3.0 2017-08) (12.2.1.4.0 2019-09) (12.2.1.4.211011 2021-10)	12.2.1.4	2013-07	2022-08 (ES 2025-08)
12.1	Production		12.1.3.0.1	2013-10	2017-12
11	Production		11.1.1.9.0	2010-08	2018-12 (ES 2021-12)
10	Production	First version based on Sunopsis (acquired by Oracle on 2006)	10.1.3.5	2008	2011-12
Sunopsis	Production		3.2.3.22 4.x

There are several ways to perform an ODI upgrade. You can upgrade to ODI 12c from ODI 11.1.1.6 and above (11.1.1.7, 11.1.1.9).

Apache NiFi

NiFi is an Open Source Project for data flow automation donated by NSA to Apache and currently developed by Hortonworks.
NiFi has a cool graphical UI and can easy escalate using a Zero-Master clustering configuration.

(Sources: Official site Wikipedia Release Notes )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2	Production	Technical debt reduction: Java 17, flow.json.gz instead of flow.xml.gz, deprecated and duplicated components removed; migration tools for easy upgrade. New features: Python support, native Kubernetes integration, new UI, stateless flows, Kafka 3 support, additional S3 processors, ...	2.2.0	2024-11	2025-01
1	Production	New UI, Zero Master clustering (1.1.0 2016-11): many improvements. (1.10.0 2019-11): capability to define parameters, stateless NiFi engine.	1.28.0	2016-08	2024-10
0	Production	First version based on NSA sources	0.7.4	2015-07	2017-06

Upgrades are well documented here.

Linux

Linux is a Unix kernel on which many GNU/Linux distributions are built. It runs on many HW and it's Free.

Production main releases were even (eg. 2.4, 2.6) while development releases were odd (eg. 2.5). Now... it depends!
Kernel upgrades are generally performed by an update tool within the Linux distribution.

(Source: Linux Kernel Archives KernelNewbies Wikipedia Version history )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
6.12	Mainline		6.12-rc3	2024-10	2024-10
6.11	Stable	Ubuntu 24.10	6.11.4	2024-06	2024-10
6.10	Stable		6.10-14	2024-06	2024-10
6.9	EOL		6.9.7	2024-05	2024-06
6.8	EOL	Ubuntu 24.04 LTS	6.8.12	2024-03	2024-05
6.7	EOL	Many new features: cachefs, NVIDIA GSP support, ...	6.7.10	2024-01	2024-03
6.6	Longterm	Alpine 3.19, Alpine 3.20	6.6.36	2023-10	2024-06
6.5	EOL	Ubuntu 23.10	6.5.8	2023-08	2023-10
6.4	EOL		6.4.12	2023-05	2023-08
6.3	EOL		6.3.2	2023-04	2023-05
6.2	EOL	Ubuntu 23.04, Fedora 38	6.2.15	2023-02	2023-05
6.1	Longterm	Rust support in kernel. Debian 12, Alpine 3.18	6.1.113	2021-12	2024-10
6.0	EOL	Performance optimization for newest CPUs, new HW support. Fedora 37	6.0.19	2022-10	2023-01
5.19	EOL	Ubuntu 22.10	5.19.17	2022-07	2022-10
5.18	EOL		5.18.19	2022-05	2022-08
5.17	EOL		5.17.15	2022-03	2022-06
5.15	Longterm	Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Alpine 3.15, UEK 7	5.15.168	2021-12	2024-10
5.14	EOL	RHEL 9	5.14.21	2021-05	2021-09
5.13	EOL	Ubuntu 21.10	5.13.19	2021-05	2021-11
5.12	EOL		5.12.19	2021-04	2021-07
5.11	EOL	Ubuntu 21.04	5.11.22	2021-02	2019-01
5.10	Longterm	Debian 11, Alpine 3.13	5.10.227	2020-12	2024-10
5.4	Longterm	Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, UEK 6	5.4.284	2019-11	2024-09
5.1	EOL		5.1.16	2018-11	2019-01
4.19	Longterm	Debian 10	4.19.322	2018-09	2024-09
4.18	EOL	RHEL 8	4.18.11	2018-08	2018-09
4.17	EOL		4.17.6	2018-06	2018-07
4.16	EOL		4.16.8	2018-04	2018-06
4.15	EOL	Ubuntu 18.04 LTS	4.15.18	2018-01	2018-04
4.14	EOL	UEK 5	4.14.327	2017-11	2023-10
4.9	EOL	Logterm. Debian 9, Alpine 3.7	4.9.322	2017-02	2022-07
4.8	EOL		4.8.17	2016-09	2017-01
4.7	EOL		4.7.5	2016-09	2016-09
4.6	EOL		4.6.4	2016-03	2016-07
4.5	EOL	cgroup v2	4.5	2016-03	2016-03
4.4	EOL	Super Long Term Support. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, SUSE 12 SP2	4.4.296	2016-01	2021-12
4.3	EOL		4.3.4	2015-11	2016-01
4.1	EOL	UEK 4	4.1.51	2015-06	2018-03
3.18	EOL	Longterm. Alpine 3	3.18.133	2014-12	2019-01
3.16	EOL	Longterm. Debian 8	3.16.69	2014-08	2018-12
3.15	EOL		3.15.10	2014-06
3.14	EOL		3.14.79	2014-03	2016-09
3.12	EOL	SUSE 12	3.12.70	2013-11	2017-02
3.10	EOL	RHEL 7	3.10.104	2013-06	2016-10
3.9	EOL		3.9.4	2013-04
3.8	EOL	UEK 3	3.8.13	2013-02
3.7	EOL		3.7.10
3.6	EOL		3.6.11
3.5	EOL		3.5.7	2012
3.4	EOL		3.4.113	2012-05	2016-10
3.2	EOL	Debian 7, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS	3.2.101	2012-01	2018-03
3.1	Dev		3.1.7	2011
3.0	Old	Xen dom0 support; Btrfs defrag	3.0.80	2011
2.6	EOL	Longterm. Full 64 support (PAE, FS up to 16TB), ext4, JFS, XFS, SELinux; RHEL 4,5,6, UEK (2.6.24 2008-01): cgroup	2.6.27.62 EOL 2.6.32.69 EOL 2.6.34.14 EOL 2.6.35.14 EOL 2.6.39.4 EOL	2003-12	2015-12
2.5	Dev		2.5.75	2001	2003
2.4	Old	Plug&Play, USB, PA-RISC; (later): LVM, ext3, Bluetooth	2.4.37	2001
2.3	Dev		2.3.99pre9	1999	2000
2.2	Old	Better SMP performances, NTFS, PowerPC	2.2.26	1999	2004
2.0	Old	SMP	2.0.40	1996	2004
1.2	Old	Alpha, SPARC, MIPS	1.2.13	1995
1.0	Old	Stable! i386 single processor only		1994
0	Old	Based on MINIX; (0.12): GPL; (0.95): X Windows	0.99	1991	1994

There are a lot of good Linux/GNU distributions. In the following there is my favourite list. A good reference is this site.

Debian

Debian is a free GNU/Linux distribution very well known by system administrators because its stability and richness.
Debian supports many platforms (eg. Intel, Sparc, ARM, PA-RISC, SPARC, Alpha, S/390, ...).
Debian is the base for many other Linux distribution. Debian uses GNOME UI (User Interface) as default.
You can also use a live image that come in different flavors: GNOME, KDE, LXDE and Xfce, and text console

(Debian.org)

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
	sid	unstable
	trixie	testing
12	bookworm	stable	Linux 6.1. Gnome 43, KDE Plasma 5.27, LXDE 11, LXQt 1.2.0, MATE 1.26, Xfce 4.18, LibreOffice 7.4, Apache 2.4.57, Nginx 1.22, OpenSSH 9.2p1, GNU Compiler Collection 12.2, Perl 5.36, PHP 8.2, Python 3, 3.11.2, MariaDB 10.11, PostgreSQL 15, ...	12.8	2023-06	2024-11
11	bullseye	oldstable	Linux 5.10. First release with exFAT native filesystem. Gnome 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, LXDE 11, Xfce 4.16, Apache 2.4.48, OpenSSH 8.4p1 Perl 5.32, PHP 7.4, Python 3 and 3.9.1, LibreOffice 7.0, MariaDB 10.5, PostgreSQL 13, ...	11.11	2021-08	2024-08
10	buster	oldstable	Linux 4.19, systemd 241, Xfce 4.12, KDE Plasma 5.14, GNOME 3.30, Apache 2.4.38, GNU C library 2.28, GNU Compiler 8.3, OpenJDK 11, Perl 5.28, PHP 7.3, Python 3.7.2, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 11, ...	10.13	2019-07	2022-09	LTS up to 2024-06
9	stretch	archived	Linux 4.9, systemd 232, Xfce 4.12, KDE Frameworks 5.28, GNOME 3.22, Apache 2.4.25, GNU C library 2.24, GNU Compiler 6.3, OpenJDK 8, Perl 5.24, PHP 7.0, Python 2.7.13 and 3.5.3, MariaDB 10.1, PostgreSQL 9.6, Asterisk 13.14.1, ...	9.13	2017-06	2020-07	ELTS up to 2027-06
8	jessie	archived	Linux 3.16. systemd; Apache 2.4; PHP 5.6; Python 3.4; PostgreSQL 9.4	8.11	2015-04	2020-06	ELTS up to 2025-06
7	wheezy	obsolete	Linux 3.2; Xen Hypervisor 4.1.4; PostgreSQL 9.1, MySQL 5.5.30; Asterisk 1.8.13.1	7.11	2013-05	2018-05
6.0	squeeze	obsolete	Kernel 2.6.32; kFreeBSD kernel preview on i386/amd64; PKG +29000: KDE Plasma workspace&Apps 4.4.5, X.Org 7.5, Gnome 2.30, LXDE 0.5.0, Xfce 4.6; OpenOffice.org 3.2.1; Firefox/Iceweasel 3.5.16, Thunderbird/Icedove 3.0.11; Apache 2.2.16, Tomcat 6.0.18; GNU comp. 4.4.5, OpenJDK 6b18; MySQL 5.1.49, PostgreSQL 8.4.6; PHP 5.3.3, Python 2.5.5/2.6.6/3.1.1; HW-=alpha,arm (old),hppa	6.0.10	2011-02	2016-02
5.0	lenny	obsolete	Kernel 2.6.26; PKG +23000: X.Org 7.3, Gnome 2.22, KDE 3.5.10, LXDE 0.3.2.1, Xfce 4.4.2; OpenOffice.org 2.4.1, KOffice 1.6.3, Evolution 2.22.3, Pidgin (Gaim) 2.4.3; Firefox/iceweasel 3.0.6, Thunderbird/icedove 2.0.0.19; Apache 2.2.9, Tomcat 5.5.26; GNU comp. 4.3.2, GNU lib. 2.7, openjdk-6-jdk; MySQL 5.0.51a, PostgreSQL 8.3.5; PHP 5.2.6, Python 2.5.2; HW+=Eee PC,arm (EAB)	5.0.7	2009-04	2012-02
4.0	etch	obsolete	Kernel 2.6.18; PKG +18000: X.Org 7.1 (instead of XFree), Gnome 2.14, KDE 3.5.5a, Xfce 4.4; OpenOffice.org 2.0.4a, KOffice 1.6, Evolution 2.6.3, Gaim 2.0; Firefox/iceweasel 2.0.0.2, Thunderbird/icedove 1.5; Apache 2.2; GNU comp. 4.1, GNU lib. 2.3.6; MySQL 5.0.32, PostgreSQL 8.1; PHP 5.2, Python 2.4;HW+=amd64	40r8	2007-04	2010
3.1	sarge	obsolete	Kernel 2.4.7 (2.6.8 also on Intelx86); PKG +10000: XFree86 4.3, Gnome 2.8, KDE 3.3; OpenOffice.org 1.1, Evolution, Gaim; XFS, LVM	3.1r3	2005-06	2008
3.0	woody	obsolete	Kernel 2.2.20 (2.4 also available); XFree 4.1, Gnome 1.4, KDE 2.2; Mozzilla, Konqueror; HW=I386, m68k, alpha, powerpc, sparc, arm, ia64, mips, s390, hppa, ...		2002-07	2006-06
2.2	potato	obsolete	arm, powerpc	2.2r7	2000-08	2003-06
2.1	slink	obsolete	alpha, sparc		1999	2001
2.0	hamm	obsolete	m68k		1998	1999
1.3	bo	obsolete			1997	1998
1.2	rex	obsolete			1996	1997
1.1	buzz	obsolete	dpkg		1996	1996

Debian folks are much smarter than me... I have no hint for them.
If You have installed Debian You do not need any suggestion!

Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a free GNU/Linux distribution based on Debian with an easier interface very well suited for end users.

(Sources: Ubuntu Wikipedia)

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
25.04	Plucky Puffin	Future		25.04	2024-10	2026-01
24.10	Oracular Oriole	Currrent	Kernel 6.11; systemd 256.5, netplan 1.1, OpenSSL 3.3; GNOME 47, Firefox 130, LibreOffice 24.8, Thunderbird 128	24.10	2024-10	2025-07
24.04 LTS	Noble Numbat	Current	Kernel 6.8; systemd 255.4, netplan 1.0; OpenJDK LTS 21, .NET 8; Year 2038 fixes. Desupport: TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0	24.04.1	2024-04	2029-04
23.10	Mantic Minotaur	End of life	Kernel 6.2; QEMU 8.0, libvirt 9.6.0, systemd 253.5; GNOME 45, OpenJDK v17+v21; Docker 24.0.5	23.10	2023-10	2024-07
23.04	Lunar Lobster	End of life	Kernel 6.2; QEMU 7.2, Libvirt 9.0; GNOME 44, OpenJDK v17; PostgreSQL 15	23.04	2023-04	2024-01
22.10	Kinetic Kudu	End of life	5.19 kernel; QEMU 7.0, Libvirt 8.6; GNOME 43	22.10	2022-10	2023-07
22.04 LTS	Jammy Jellyfish	Current	5.17 or 5.15 kernel; QEMU 6.2, Libvirt 8.0; GCC 11.2.0, binutils t2.38, glibc to 2.35, Python 3.10.4, Perl 5.34.0. LLVM 14, golang 1.18, rustc 1.58, PHP 8.1.2, Ruby 3.0, OpenJDK 11 (and 18 but not used for package builds); GNOME 41, Apache 2.4.52, OpenStack Yoga; PostgreSQL 14.2, MySQL 8.0.28	22.04.5	2022-04	2027-04
21.10	Impish Indri	End of life	5.13 kernel; QEMU 6.0, Libvirt 7.6; GCC 11.2.0, binutils 2.37, glibc 2.34, LLVM 13, golang 1.17, rustc 1.51, PHP 8.0, OpenJDK 18; GNOME 40, Apache 2.4.48, OpenStack Xena	21.10	2021-10	2022-07
21.04	Hirsute Hippo	End of life	5.11 kernel	21.04	2021-04	2022-01
20.10	Groovy Gorilla	End of life	5.8 kernel; GNOME 3.38, glibc 2.32, OpenJDK 11, rustc 1.41, GCC 10, LLVM 11, Python 3.8.6, ruby 2.7.0, php 7.4.9, perl 5.30, golang 1.13. nftables	20.10	2020-10	2021-07
20.04 LTS	Focal Fossa	Current	5.4 Kernel: new hardware support, virtio-fs, exFAT. Gnome 3.36, Python3, snap-store, libvirt 6.0, glibc 2.31	20.04.6	2020-04	2030-04
19.10	Eoan Ermine	End of life		19.10	2019-10	2020-07
19.04	Disco Dingo	End of life	5.0 Kernel. Gnome 3.32, OpenStack Stein	19.04	2019-04	2020-01
18.10	Cosmic Cuttlefish	End of life	4.18 Kernel. OpenSSL 1.1.1, OpenJDK 11, Gnome 3.30, glibc 2.28	18.10	2018-10	2019-07
18.04 LTS	Bionic Beaver	No S.Supp.	4.15 Kernel (cgroup v2, AMD encryption, MD driver). OpenJDK 10	18.04.6	2018-04	2023-04
17.10	Artful Aardvark	End of life		17.10	2017-10	2018-07
17.04	Zesty Zapus	End of life		17.04	2017-04	2018-01
16.10	Yakket Yak	End of life		16.10	2016-10	2017-07
16.04 LTS	Xenial Xerus	No S.Supp.	Linux kernel 4.4. LXD 2.0, docker 1.10, PHP 7.0, python3, OpenSSH 7.2p2 (with many unsafe components disabled). (2017-02 16.4.2): Fixes. (2017-08 16.4.3): Fixes.	16.04.7	2016-04	2021-04
15.10	Wily Werewolft	End of life		15.10	2015-10	2016-07
15.04	Vivid Vervet	end of life		15.04	2015-05	2016-02
14.10	Utopic Unicorn	End of life		14.10	2014-10	2015-07
14.04 LTS	Trusty Tahr	No S.Supp.	Linux 3.13; MySQL 5.6,5.6/MariaDB 5.5/PerconaXtraDB 5.5, LibreOffice 4.2.3	14.04.6	2014-04	2019-04
13.10	Saucy Salamander	End of life			2013-10	2014-07
13.04	Raring Ringtail	End of life			2013-04	2014-01
12.10	Quantal Quetzal	End of life			2012-10	2014-04
12.04 LTS	Precise Pangolin	End of life	Linux 3.2, HUD, Rhythmbox, LibreOffice 3.5.4, PayPal	12.04.5	2012-04	2017-04
11.10	Oneric Ocelot	End of life	Linux Kernel 3.0, Thunderbird, GTK3 (alt+tab)		2011-10	2013-04
11.04	Natty Narwhal	End of life			2011-04	2012-10
10.10	Maverick Meerkat	End of life	Linux 2.6.35; new fonts; Evolution 2.30 (faster!), richer sound menu. (Server Ed.) Eucaliptus 2.0	10.10	2010-10	2012-04
10.04 LTS	Lucid Lynx	End of life	Linux 2.6.32, faster boot; New languages, Social Network tools	10.04.4	2010-04 2010-08	2013-04 (2015 server)
9.10	Karmic Koala	End of life	Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud, OpenOffice 3.1, Firefox 3.5		2009-10	2011-04
9.04	Jaunty Jackalope	End of life	Gnome 2.26, OpenOffice 3.0, EXT4, MySQL 5.1, PHP 5.2		2009-04	2010-10
8.10	Intrepid Ibex	End of life	3G wireless; (server): VM builder, full java stack, directory encryption		2008-10	2010-04
8.04 LTS	Hardy Henron	End of life	iSCSI, Gnome 2.22, OpenOffice 2.4	8.04.4	2008-04	2011-04 (2013 server)
7.10	Gusty Gibbon	End of life	Compiz, Thunderbird 2.0, OpenOffice 2.3, NTFS-3G		2007-10	2009-04
7.4	Feisty Fawn	End of life	OpenOffice 2.2, PHP 5.2; Kernel support for VM		2007-04	2008
6.06	Drapper Drake	End of life	Firefox 1.5, Thunderbird 1.5, OpenOffice 2.0, MySQL; LAMP		2006-06	2009
5.10	Breezy Badger	End of life	PHP 5.0, Gnome 2.12; Boot grafico, Launchpad		2005-10	2007
5.4	Hoary Hedgehog	End of life	MySQL 4.1, Gnome 2.10; kickstart, stand-by		2005-04	2006
4.10	Warty Watlog	End of life	Linux 2.6.8; Firefox 1.0, Thunderbird 1.0, OpenOffice 1.1		2004-10	2006

Some Ubuntu versions are labeled LTS indicating Long Term Support.
There are many variants: Kubuntu (KDE), Edubuntu (Educational), Xubuntu (XFCE), Lubuntu (LXDE), ...

Most Ubuntu users use LTS releases. Updates are easy and can be automatic; to perform an upgrade use do-release-upgrade command.

Raspberry

Raspberry Pi OS is a free distribution based on Debian to be used with Raspberry Pi small single board computers.
Raspberry is highly optimized for the Raspberry Pi single, little with ARM CPUs.
The desktop is PIXEL (Pi Improved Xwindows Environment, Lightweight) and it is based on LXDE.

(Sources: Official site Release notes Wikipedia)

Debian	Nickname	Models	Features	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
12	bookworm	Pi 5	Linux 6.1.21; GCC 12.2.0, APT 2.6.1, X Server 1.21.1; Wayland, PipeWire and NetworkManager replacing X11, PulseAudio, dhcpcd. Apps: Chromium 116, VLC 3.0.18, desktop on Wayland.	2023-10	2024-11
11	bullseye		Linux 5.10.63-6.1.21; GCC 12.2.1, APT 2.2.4, X Server 1.20.11; Desupport: Flash Player, Scratch2. (2022-02): production 64bit version	2021-01	2023-05
10	buster	Pi 4, Pi Zero2W	Linux 4.19-5.10.63; GCC 8.3, APT 1.8.2-1.8.2.3, X Server 7.7; Apps: Chromium 74, Flash 32, JDK 11. (2020-05): Raspberry Pi OS, 64bit beta version, many updates; (2021-05): Pi Zero 2W	2019-06	2021-10
9	stretch	Pi 3+	Linux 4.9-4.14; GCC 6.3, APT 1.4.6-1.4.9, X Server 7.7; Apps: Chromium 60, Sonic Pi 3.0.1, RealVNC 6.1.1, NodeRED 0.17.4. (2018-04): Pi 3+	2017-08	2019-04
8	jessie	Pi 3, Pi ZeroW	Linux 4.1-4.9; GCC 4.9, APT 1.0.9.8.1, X Server 7.7; Apps: LibreOffice, Claws Mail, Greenfoot, BlueJ, Alacarte, Lxkeymap, scrot, tree, pip. (2016-02): Pi 3; (2017-03): Pi Zero W;	2015-09	2017-07
7	wheezy	Pi1/1+, Pi2	Linux 3.6-3.18; GCC 4.71, APT 0.9.7, X Server 7.7; (2015-02): Pi2;	2013-09	2015-12
			Raspbian initial release based on a Debian port to Raspberry Pi	2012-07

Raspberry Pi OS is available in three installable versions:
 * Raspberry Pi OS Lite (32-bit & 64-bit): smallest image, 4 GiB microSD recommended
 * Raspberry Pi OS with desktop (32-bit & 64-bit): with PIXEL desktop, 8 GiB microSD recommended
 * Raspberry Pi OS with desktop and recommended software (32-bit): Libre Office, ...
Generally images are preloaded on a SD card to speedup the installation process.
Software is upgraded with Debian standard APT commands.
The operating system is always back compatible with all HW models, 64bit versions can be used on Pi3 (2016) and newer: Pi Zero2, Pi4, ...

Red Hat / CentOS / Oracle Enterprise Linux / Scientific Linux / Roky Linux / AlmaLinux - Fedora

Red Hat [now owned by IBM 2018-10] is an Enterprise Level Linux distribution.
It's available for Server (Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (up to 2 CPU/16GB RAM))
or Desktop (Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS, Red Hat Desktop).
RHEL AS or RHEL ES license costs depend on Support Level: Basic (ES), Standard (ES/AS), Premium Support (AS)
With version 5: AS -> Advanced Platform; ES -> Base Server (limits: 2 CPU sockets, 4 virtual instances, no GFS and CS)
With version 5.4 RH anticipated the support for KVM as an enterprise virtualization platform.
One RHEL Advanced Platform license enables the support for all the hosted RH OS guests.

Free Linux CentOS releases are very, very similar to Red Hat's (CentOS is released a bit later than RHEL).
CentOS now is owned by Red Hat [2014].
Later on CentOS 8 Stream become an upstream distribution od RHEL [2021] and Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux become available.

Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL or OL) is a close derivative of RHEL too:
Oracle offers a standard RHEL but adds the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) and a public yum repository

Red Hat Enterprise Linux - CentOS - Oracle Enterprise Linux - Scientific Linux - Rocky Linux - AlmaLinux
(Sources: Red Hat RHEL Life Cycle CentOS EndOfLife Oracle Linux Scientific Linux Rocky Linux AlmaLinux )

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
RHEL 9	Plow	Production	Kernel 5.14.0-70.13.1. Based on CentOS Stream (Beta was on Fedora 34). Inplace upgrade from 8. GNOME 40; Node.js 16, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0; Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14; Apache HTTP Server 2.4.51, nginx 1.20; Varnish Cache 6.6, Squid 5.2; MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2; GCC 11.2.1, glibc 2.34, binutils 2.35.2; java-17-openjdk, java-11-openjdk, java-1.8.0-openjdk. EUS (Extended Update Support). (9.1 2022-11) Kernel version: 5.14.0-162.6.1 (9.2 2023-05) Kernel version: 5.14.0-284.11.1, EUS (9.3 2023-11) Kernel version: 5.14.0-362.8.1 (9.4 2024-04) Kernel version: 5.14.0-427.13.1, EUS (9.5 2024-11) Kernel version: 5.14.0-503.11.1, PostgreSQL 16 with pgvector extension	9.4 EUS 9.5	2022-05	2027 (2032 MS2, 2035 EL)	Suggested
RHEL 8	Oopta	Production	Kernel 4.18.0-80. Based on Fedora 28. Web console, Systemd 239, glibc-2.28, Gnome 3.28, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Python 3.6, Node.js 10, MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 10 (9.6 too), ... (8.1 2019-11) Kernel version: 4.18.0-147, EUS (Extended Update Support) (8.2 2020-04) Kernel version: 4.18.0-193, EUS (8.3 2020-11) Kernel version: 4.18.0-240 (8.4 2021-05) Kernel version: 4.18.0-305, EUS (8.5 2021-11) Kernel version: 4.18.0-348 (8.6 2022-05) Kernel version: 4.18.0-372.9.1, EUS (8.7 2022-11) Kernel version: 4.18.0-425.3.1 (8.8 2023-05) Kernel version: 4.18.0-477.10.1, EUS (8.9 2023-11) Kernel version: 4.18.0-513.5.1 (8.10 2024-05) Kernel version: 4.18.0-553. Final	8.10	2019-05	2024 (2029 MS2, 2032 EL)	Suggested
RHEL 7	Maipo	Production	Kernel 3.10.0-123. Based on Fedora 20 with many different administration commands: if, systemctl, ... iSCSI and FCoE in kernel space, XFS as default FS, Open VMware tools, linux containers, ... In place upgrade from 6.x. MariaDB instead of MySQL. (7.1 2015-03) Kernel version: 3.10.0-229 (7.2 2015-11) Kernel version: 3.10.0-327 (7.3 2016-11) Kernel version: 3.10.0-514 (7.4 2017-07) Kernel version: 3.10.0-693 (7.5 2018-04) Kernel version: 3.10.0-862 (7.6 2018-10) Kernel version: 3.10.0-957 (7.7 2019-08) Kernel version: 3.10.0-1062 (7.8 2020-03) Kernel version: 3.10.0-1127 (7.9 2020-09) Kernel version: 3.10.0-1160. Final	7.9	2014-06	2019 (2024 P3, 2028 EL)	Suggested
RHEL 6	Santiago	Production	Kernel 2.6.32-71. New kernel with several optimizations for KVM, dracut support. D language and Tango, Spice, ... Scalability: support for more sockets, CPU, Memory, Storage, ... Application Upgrade: MySQL 5.1, PostgreSQL 8.4, Apache 2.2, memcached, ...; HW=-Itanium (6.1 2011-05) Kdump, USB 3, CPU/Mem Hot-add, clusterinf (KVM hosts, non-critical resources, SNMP, ...), ... (6.2 2011-12) Many Virtualization Optimizations, finer Resource Management (cgroup), ... (6.3 2012-06) Better performance on large systems, USB 3.0 (6.4 2013-02) Oracle ASMLib, memory managemnt enhancements; HAProxy, samba4 upgrade (6.5 2013-11) Kernel version: 2.6.32-431 (6.6 2014-10) Kernel version: 2.6.32-504. Fixes, updated drivers, JDK 8 (6.7 2015-07) Kernel version: 2.6.32-573 (6.8 2016-05) Kernel version: 2.6.32-642 (6.9 2017-03) Kernel version: 2.6.32-696 (6.10 2018-06) Kernel version: 2.6.32-754. Final	6.10	2010-11	2016 (2020 P3, 2024 EL)
RHEL 5	Tikanga	Production	Kernel 2.6.18. Apache 2.2, PHP 5.1, MySQL 5.0.22, Firefox 1.5 ... RHCS and GFS; (5.0 5.1 2007); (5.2 5.3 2008); (5.4 2009) KVM full support, Hypervisor edition; (5.5 2010) new platform support (eg. Nehalem-EX, Magny-Cours, POWER7), Large memory management, Single Root I/O Virtualization, Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (VT-D), PCI-passthrough, enhanched MS-Windows interoperability (eg. Server 2008 R2); (5.6 2011-01) libvirt 0.8.2, sVirt, para-virtualized Drivers (virtio), global clock sync, ext4, PHP 5.3 (5.7 2011-07) GFS2 fixes (5.8 2012-02) Entitlement (5.9 2013-01) Fixes (5.11 2014-09) Fixes, updated HW support, kernel version: 2.6.18-398. Final	5.11	2007-03	2013 (2017 P3, 2020 EL)
RHEL 4	Nahant	Production 3	Kernel 2.6.9, up to 32 x86 CPU, up to 8 AMD or Power CPU, 8 TB max filesize, Gnome 2.8, Firefox, ...	4.9	2005-02	2009 (2012 P3, 2015 EL)
RHEL 3	Taroon	Production 3	Kernel 2.4.21, up to 16 x86 CPU, up to 8 AMD or Power CPU, Gnome 2.2, Mozilla, ...	3.9	2003-09	2006 (2010 P3, 2014 EL)
RHEL 2.1	Pensacola Panama	Unsupported	Kernel 2.4.9, up to 8 x86 CPU, 1 TB max filesize, Gnome 2.0, Netscape, ...	2.1 upd 7	2002-05	2004 (2009 P3, 2012 EL)

CentOS versions followed Red Hat versions since 2.1. In 2020-12 Red Hat announced the desupport of CentOS 8 to move to CentOS Stream 8, which tracks ahead of a current Red Hat version. Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux are now [NdA 2021] the two downstream build alternatives as CentOS was been previously.

Oracle Linux (OEL/OL) versions are the same of RHEL (since OEL 4.4 on 2017-06) but they use the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (UEK) available since OEL 5.5. The following table reports UEK releases:
(Sources: Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Oracle Linux 6 Oracle Linux 7 Oracle Linux 8 Oracle Linux 9 HW Certification List Cool S.Coter's OL/UEK matrix)

UEK Release	UEK uname -r	Linux Kernel	Last Update	Features	Date (from)
UEK R7	5.15.0	5.15.0-100	Upd. 3	Based on 5.15 LTS linux kernel. Requires OEL 8.5+, default for OEL 8.7+, 9+.	2022-06
UEK R6	5.4.17-2011	5.4.17-2136	Upd. 3	Linux 5.4. OEL 7.7, OEL 8.1. Improved support for the Arm.	2020-03
UEK R5	4.14.35	4.14.35-2047.500	Upd. 5	OEL 7.5 x86-64 or sup. ARM support, ambient capability mask, xz kernel compression, HMM support, KVM full support, KVM backports from 4.15 kernel. Desupport: OL6	2018-06
UEK R4	4.1.12	4.1.12-124	Upd. 7	x86_64 only. OEL 6.5, OEL 7.0 or sup.	2016-01
UEK R3	3.8.13	3.8.13-118	Upd. 7	x86_64 only. OEL 6.5, OEL 7.0 or sup. DTrace, Linux containers (LXC), Control Groups (cgroups), TCP fast open (TFO), Intel Ivy Bridge (IVB) processor support	2013-10
UEK R2	2.6.39	3.0.16	Upd. 5	OEL 5.8, OEL 6.2 or sup. Not supported on OL7. Scheduler tuning for Java workloads, transmit packet steering (XPS)	2012-03
UEK	2.6.32	2.6.32		Same kernel base of RHEL 6. Performance optimizations: IRQ balancing, reduced kernel lock contention, receive packet steering and RDS improvements, improved virtual memory performance	2010-09

An important feature of Red Hat/CentOS/OEL is the automatic update of all the packages configured in the target system.

Changing Red Hat major version (eg. 5 -> 6) is much more complex and must be planned.

Red Hat contribute to Open Source community with a GPL product: Fedora (since 2003; previously Red Hat Linux). Fedora and Enterprise Linux (and now CentOS Stream) are related:

Community distribution	Enterprise Linux
Fedora 34 - CentoOS Stream	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
Fedora 28 - CentoOS Stream	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
Fedora 20	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
Fedora 13	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Fedora Core 6	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
Fedora Core 3	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
Red Hat Linux 9	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
Red Hat Linux 7.2	Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1
Red Hat Linux 6.2	Red Hat Linux 6.2E

Fedora
(Sources: Fedora EOL releases History Wikipedia)

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Fedora 40		Production			2024-04
Fedora 39		Production			2023-11	2024-11
Fedora 38		Old	Kernel 6.2, Gnome 44, KDE Plasma 5.27		2023-04	2024-04
Fedora 37		Old	Kernel 6.0, Gnome 43		2022-11	2023-11
Fedora 36		Old	Kernel 5.17		2022-05	2023-05
Fedora 35		Old	Kernel 5.14		2021-11	2022-12
Fedora 34		Old	Kernel 5.11		2021-04	2022-06
Fedora 33		Old	Kernel 5.8. Fermium. Node.js 14		2020-10	2021-11
Fedora 32		Old			2020-05	2021-05
Fedora 31		Old	CgroupsV2		2019-10	2020-11
Fedora 30		Old			2019-04	2020-05
Fedora 29		Old			2018-10	2019-11
Fedora 28		Old			2018-05	2019-05
Fedora 27		Old			2017-11	2018-11
Fedora 26		Old	Kernel 4.11, aarch64 48-bit, DNF 2.0, OpenSSL 1.1.0, OpenVPN 2.4.3, OverlayFS for Docker, Python 3.6, PHP 7.1, Gnome 3.24		2017-07	2018-05
Fedora 25		Old	Kernel 4.8, Gnome 3.22		2016-11	2017-12
Fedora 24		Old	Kernel 4.5		2016-06	2017-08
Fedora 23		Old	Kernel 4.2		2015-05	2016-12
Fedora 22		Old	Kernel 4.0			2016-07
Fedora 21	Twenty One	Old	Kernel 3.17. Cloud product with OpenStack images, AMI for Amazon, ... Server product can work as domain controller. Workstation product: Gnome 3.14		2014-12	2015-12
Fedora 20	Heisenbug	Old	Kernel 3.10/3.11		2013-12	2015-06
Fedora 19	Schrodinger's Cat	Old	Kernel 3.9; OpenStack Grizzly, MariaDB (instead of MySQL), LibreOffice 4, Puppet 3.x, Scratch, Node.js, PHP 5.5		2013-07	2015-01
Fedora 18	Spherical Cow	Old	Kernel 3.6.0; firewalld as default		2013-01	2014-01
Fedora 17	Beefy Miracle	Old	Kernel 3.3.4;		2012-05	2013-07
Fedora 16	Verne	Old	Kernel 3.1.0; BTRFS as defauld FS; Obsoleting HAL; Cloud: Cloudstack, Aeolus, GlusterFS		2011-11	2013-02
Fedora 15	Lovelock	Old	Kernel 2.6.42; LZMA for live images; systemd (instead of SysVinit)		2011-05	2012-06
Fedora 14	Laughlin	Old	Kernel 2.6.35; KDE 4.5; Perl 5.12, Python 2.7, Ruby 1.8.7, D programming, Eclipse Helios; EC2, Spice ==>RHEL 6		2010-11	2012
Fedora 13	Goddard	Old	Kernel 2.6.33 KDE 4.4, Gnome 2.30; Phyton 3; many KVM/VirtIO improvements		2010-05	2011
Fedora 12	Constantine	Old	Kernel 2.6.31/2.6.32; KDE 4.3; KVM memory management (Huge Pages); Gnome 2.28, KDE 4.3/4.4; PHP 5.3, Perl 6		2009-11	2010
Fedora 11	Leonidas	Old	Kernel 2.6.29; Gnome 2.26, KDE 4.2; OpenOffice.org 3.1; GCC 4.4, Python 2.6, Eclipse 3.4.2		2009-06	2010
Fedora 10	Cambridge	Old	Kernel 2.6.27; ext4; Gnome 2.24, KDE 4.1, LXDE; OpenOffice.org 3.0		2008-11	2009
Fedora 9	Sulphur	Old	Kernel 2.6.25; Gnome 2.22, KDE 4.0; OpenJDK, Perl 5.10; Firefox 3.0		2008-05	2009
Fedora 8	Werewolf	Old	Kernel 2.6.23; iceTea (JDK); laptop support		2007-11	2008
Fedora 7	Moonshine	Old	Kernel 2.6.21; "Core" and community "Extras" packages merged; Gnome 2.18, KDE 3.5; OpenOffice.org 2.2, Firefox 2.0; Live CD		2007-03	2008
Fedora Core 6	Zod	Old	Kernel 2.6.18; Firefox 1.5 ==>RHEL 5		2006-10	2007
Fedora Core 5	Bordeaux	Old	Kernel 2.6.15; Mono		2006-03	2007
Fedora Core 4	Stentz	Old	Kernel 2.6.11; Xen; Gnome 2.10, KDE 3.4; Open Office 2.0; HW+=powerpc		2005-06	2006
Fedora Core 3	Heidelberg	Old	Kernel 2.6.9; Gnome 2.8, KDE 3.3; Mozzilla; GRUB ==>RHEL 4		2004-11	2006
Fedora Core 2	Tettnang	Old	Kernel 2.6.5; Gnome 2.6, KDE 3.2; SELinux; X.org		2004-05	2006
Fedora Core 1	Yarrow	Old	Kernel 2.4.19; based on Red Hat Linux 9; Gnome 2.4, KDE 3.1; XFree86; LILO		2003-11	2004

Fedora tipically contains cutting edge features and packages that will be available later on RHEL.

Fedora releases are 2 in one year and supported for less than 2 years: it changes fast.

SUSE SLES

SLES, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server is the Unix system distribuited by Novell 
SLES is targeted for servers (SLED is the Desktop edition).
SLES is known to be very stable and very well supported.

(Source: SUSE Lifecycle Release Date Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
SUSE 15	Production	Kernel 4.12.14. (SP2) Kernel 5.3.18.	15 SP6	2018-07	2028
SUSE 12	Production	Kernel 3.12.60. (SP1 2016-01) Kernel 3.12.67. (SP2 2016-11) Kernel 4.4.21	12 SP5	2014-10	2024
SUSE 11	Production	Kernel 2.6.27; OCFS; Mono 2.0 (SP1 2010-06) Kernel 2.6.32 (SP2 2012-02) Kernel 3.0.10 (SP3 2013-07) Kernel 3.0.76. GCC 4.3.4, glibc 2.11.3, perl 5.10, php 5.3, python 2.6.8, ruby 1.8.7 (SP4 2015-07)	11 SP4	2009-03	2019
SUSE Linux 10	Old	Xen Virtualization 3.2	10 SP4	2005-10	2013
SUSE Linux 9	Old	Kernel 2.6	9 SP4	2003-10	2011
SuSE Linux 8	Old	autoYaST	8 SP2	2002-04
SuSE Linux 3/94	Old	First release derived from Slackware		1994-03

OpenSUSE offers both Tumbleweed rolling releases and Leap SLES bases releases.

Alpine

Alpine is a free GNU/Linux distribution based on musl (instead of glibc) and busybox designed for security and efficiency.
Alpine is widely used in containers.

(Sources: Alpine Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Edge	Dev	Rolling development release
3.21	Production	Kernel 6.12, GNOME 47, KDE 6.2, llvm 19.	3.21.2	2024-12	2026-12
3.20	Production	Kernel 6.6, GNOME 46, KDE 6, llvm 18.	3.20.5	2024-05	2026-05
3.19	Production	Kernel 6.6, GNOME 45, KDE Plasma 5.112, llvm 17, nodejs 20.10, openjdk 21. Raspberry Pi 5 support.	3.19.6	2023-12	2025-12
3.18	Production	Kernel 6.1, GNOME 44, KDE Plasma 5.27	3.18.11	2023-05	2025-05
3.17	Production	bash 5.2, llvm 15, GNOME 43, OpenSSL 3.0. Deprecation: PHP 8.0	3.17.10	2022-11	2024-11
3.16	Production	Better support for NVMe devices, llvm 13, nodejs 18.2, openjdk 17, GNOME 42. Desupport: php7, pyton2	3.16.9	2022-05	2024-05
3.15	Production	Linux kernel 5.15, llvm 12, nodejs 16.13, openjdk 17. Deprecation: sudo (doas), php7. Desupport: MIPS64	3.15.11	2021-11	2023-11
3.14	Production	Node.js 14.17.0	3.14.10	2021-06	2023-05
3.13	Production	Linux 5.10.7. Node.js 14.15.4	3.13.12	2021-01	2022-11
3.12	Production	Linux 5.4.43. Node.js 12.16.3, LLVM 10.0.0	3.12.12	2020-05	2022-05
3.11	Production	Linux 5.4.5. LLVM 9.0.0, PostgreSQL 12.1	3.11.12	2019-12	2021-11
3.10	Production	Linux 4.19.53. GCC 8.3.0, Busybox 1.30.1, musl libc 1.1.22, LLVM 8.0.0, OpenJDK 11.0.4	3.10.9	2019-06	2021-05
3.9	Production	Kernel 4.19	3.9.6	2019-06	2021-01
3.8	Production	Kernel 4.14	3.8.2	2018-06	2020-05
3.7	Production	Kernel 4.9	3.7.0	2017-11	2019-11
3	Old	(3.2 2015-05): kernel 3.18.	3.6.2	2014-06	2019-05
2	Old		2.7	2010-08	2015-11

postmarketOS is an Alpine fork for Mobile.

Updates are easy: apk update; apk upgrade

Others Linux distro

A very good reference for Linux distro is Distrowatch... My favourite distro (not listed yet) are: Knoppix (live CD/DVD) [9.1], BackTrack (security/intrusion) [5 R3] now Kali Linux [2023.3], Tiny Core [14.0], DEFT (forensics) [2018.2], Vyatta [6.5] now VyOS [1.2.9-S1].
Other very important Linux distributions are: Gentoo [weekly builds], Slackware [15.0], Linux Mint [21.1 Vera], Mandriva now OpenMandriva Lx [4.3], Mageia [8], Photon OS [5.0], Fedora CoreOS [38], ... and last but not least FreeBSD [13.1].

macOS

macOS is the Apple Unix OS for Apple Mac Hardware. The core component (kernel and base utilities) is called Darwin.
Called MAC OS X from 10.8 the name became OS X only; then from 10.12 macOS.

(Sources: macOS Latest versions Wikipedia Mac OSX Wikipedia Darwin Security Updates endoflife )

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
15	Sequoia	Production	iPhone continuity, windows tiling, Passwords app, ... (2024-10 15.1): Apple Intelligence (Apple silicon only, in EU on 2025-04), ‌iPhone‌ Mirroring	15.3.1	2024-09
14	Sonoma	Production	Widget on desktop, screen savers, iPhone APP sharing, conferencing, ...	14.7.4	2023-09
13	Ventura	Production	Stage Manager, delayed emails, iPhone as Webcam, Passkey, ... Requires 8GB RAM, many desupported models.	13.7.4	2022-10
12	Monterey	Production	Universal Control, Focus, Shortcuts, improvements in: Safari and FaceTime. (2022-08 12.5.1): CVE-2022-32893, CVE-2022-32894.	12.7.6	2021-10	2024-09
11	Big Sur	Production	M1 ARM chip support. Control Center, Notification Center, renewed graphics and sounds, improvements in many bundled applications: Safari, Messages, Maps, Photos, ...	11.7.10	2020-11	2023-09
10.15	Catalina	Production	4GB RAM required. Bundled apps for music, video, and podcasts instead of iTunes, Sidecar to connect an iPad. Desupport: 32bit APPs.	10.15.7	2019-10	2022-09
10.14	Mojave	Production	Dark mode, Stacks, iOS APPs, final version for 32-bit APP. Apps enhanchements: FaceTime, AppStore, Safari.	10.14.6 SU2	2018-09	2021-10
10.13	High Sierra	Production	APFS as default, HEVC support, Metal2. Apps enhanchements: Photo, Safari, Siri, Notes.	10.13.6	2017-09	2020-12
10.12	Sierra	Production	Siri, interaction with different devices.	10.12.6	2016-09	2019-10
10.11	El Capitan	Production	Faster and safer, Windows split, Spotlight improvements (move, resize, AI), ...	10.11.6	2015-09	2018-12
10.10	Yosemite	Production	Continuity and handoff, new notification center, new spotlight, better integration with iOS (8.1 for best results), changed fonts and graphics. (10.10.4 2015-06) Apple Music	10.10.5	2014-10	2017-08
10.9	Mavericks	Production	Free upgrade! Darwin 13. Enhanced multi-display support (eg. Dock on each display), energy saving (using timer coaleshing); Enhanced APPs: Finder with tab and tags, Safari 7.0, ... New APPs: Maps, iBook (10.9.1 2013-12) bug fixing: performance, stability, gmail (10.9.2 2014-02) bug fixing: SSL, mail (10.9.3 2014-05) 4K screen support, safari 7.0.3, USB sync (reintroduced) (10.9.4 2014-07) safari 7.0.5, fixes (10.9.5 2014-09) XCode upgrade for iOS 8, fixes	10.9.5	2013-10	2016-12
10.8	Mountain Lion	Production	iOS 5 features: iMessages, Game Center, Facebook and twitter integration, ... Darwin 12.0	10.8.5	2012-07
10.7	Lion	Production	2GB RAM required, 64bit only. Launchpad (like iOS), Mission Control, document autosave, hiding scrollbars, iCloud. Darwin 11.4	10.7.5	2011-07
10.6	Snow Leopard	Production	Darwin 10.x => Mac OS X 10.6.x; Better performances (eg. 64 drivers); XCode up to 3.2; 2GB RAM required. Desupport: PowerPC; (10.6.4): Safari 5.0; (10.6.6): Mac App Store; (10.6.8) Easy migration to Lion	10.6.8	2009-08
10.5	Leopard	Production	Darwin 9.0; Dtrace, ZFS (ro); Many new features: Time Machine, Spaces, Boot Camp, full 64-bit support; Apache 2.2, PHP 5; POSIX UNIX 3 cert.; Desupport: G3 processor	10.5.8	2007-10
10.4	Tiger	Production		10.4.11	2005-04
10.3	Panther	Production		10.3.9	2003-10
10.2	Jaguar	Production	GCC 3.1; IPv6, IPSec; CUPS; Ruby, Python	10.2.8	2002-08
10.1	Puma	Production		10.1.5	2001-09
10.0	Cheetah	Production		10.0.4	2001-03
	Kodiak	Beta	Public Beta		2000-09
1.0	Hera	Production	MAX OS X Server based on NeXTSTEP	1.2v3	1999

Software patches are automatic. Upgrades take some time.

AIX

AIX is the IBM proprietary Unix Operating System.
It's a powerful one and supports the IBM hardware like P690 the EL box on P4+, 570 on P5; P595, P575; P750, P780 on P7, ...

AIX offers DLPAR (dynamic logical partitioning), WPAR, a powerful JFS, a fully featured SMITTY, ...

(Sources: IBM official site TL release dates Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
AIX 7.3	Production	Power 10 support, POWER8 or newer, Matrix Math Accelerator (MMA) for AI on Power10	7.3 TL2	2022-12		Suggested
AIX 7.2	Production	POWER7 or newer CPUs, live kernel update	7.2 TL5	2015-12
AIX 7.1	Production	256 cores/1024 threads support; WPAR can host a AIX 5.2 guest; VIOS and FC on WPAR	7.1 TL5	2010-09	2023-04
AIX 6.1	Production	Live Application Mobility, Workload Partitions; Power 6 support; Power 3 desupport	6.1 TL9	2007-11	2017-04
AIX 5L 5.3	Production	Micro-partitioning (up to 10 LPAR per CPU), Virtual SCSI	TL 12	2004-08	2012-04
AIX 5L 5.2	Production	Power 5 support. DLPAR Macro-partitioning (1 LPAR per CPU). Desupport: Microchannel, ISA bus		2002-10	2009
AIX 5L 5.1	Production	Security improvements. Web-based System Manager. New HW support		2001-05	2006
AIX 5L	Production			2000-10
AIX 4.3	Production		4.3.3	1997-10
AIX 4.2		File >2GB
AIX 4.1		File System >2GB		1994
AIX 3.1				1990
AIX/RT 2		UNIX System V		1986

AIX upgrades must be carefully planned. There are many compatibility iussues between OS ML, TL (Technology Levels), SP (Service Pack) firmware, HW support, ...
Binary compatibility between releases is generally granted.

HP-UX

HP-UX is the Unix OS developed by HP for its hardware
platforms on RISC PA and Itanium processors (eg. Superdome, RP-8400, ...).
HP-UX is available for different OE (Operating Enviroment):
	HP-UX 11i v3 BOE: Base (like FOE+TCOE)
	HP-UX 11i v3 VSE-OE: Virtualization Server (virtualization SW+EOE)
	HP-UX 11i v3 HA-OE: High Availability (Serviceguard)
	HP-UX 11i v3 DC-OE: Data Center (fully featured)
Before were used:
	FOE: Foundation OE: base version (with Apache, Tomcat, Mozilla)
	EOE: Enterprise OE: FOE + GlancePlus, Online JFS
	MCOE: Mission Critical: EOE + ServiceGuard, Workload Manager
	TCOE: Techincal Computing OE

HP-UX has VPAR (virtual partitioning) and NPAR (physical partitioning),
WLM (workload manager) and PRM (process resource manager), iCOD (CPU on demand),
a very robust LVM (logical volume manager), ...

(Source: HP HP-UX Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
11i v3	Production	Multipath, Veritas ClusterFS, Virtualization; Itanium only: Hyperthreading (Upd 9 2011-09): Superdome2 32-socket support up to 4TB RAM, Containers 3.0 (Upd 14 2015-03): from this release one update per year	11.31 upd 16	2007-02	2025	Suggested
11i v2	Production	Itanium2, ccNUMA; (2004): PA support	11.23	2003-09	2015
11i v1.6	Production	Itanium, Itanium2 only	11.22	2002-06	2015
11i v1.5	Production	Itanium only	11	2001-06		Not suggested
11i v1	Production	NPAR, gigabit ethernet, dynamic kernel tuning	11.11	2000-06	2015
11	Unsupported	64-bit addressing, SMP, FC		1997-11	2005
10.30	Unsupported	Kernel threads (1x1 model), y2k compliant	10.30	1997-08
10.20	Unsupported	PA-RISC PA2.0 (64-bit register)	10.20	1996-08	2003
10	Unsupported	Support for 700 (WS) and 800 (Server), SVR4 like directory structure, LVM for all platforms	10.10	1996-02
9.0	Unsupported	SAM, LVM (Logical Volume Manager)		1992
8.0	Unsupported	Shared lib		1991
7.0	Unsupported	Motif		1989
1.0	Unsupported			1986

Applying OS patches is generally easy. Upgrading the operating system is more complex (compatibility iussues).
Binary compatibility is generally granted (not from PA to Itanium!).

Solaris

Solaris/SunOS is the Unix OS from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle).
It's an important Unix system who introduced several innovations
(eg. Yellow pages, NFS, DTrace, ZFS, ...).
Of course Solaris/SunOS support both SUN Sparc processors and Intel ones.

(Sources: Solaris Official Site Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
11	Production	SunOS 5.11. Full virtualization support (OS, network, storage), Zones and ZFS as default, read-only Zones, ZFS with deduplication, Cloud management, Image Packaging System (pkg) HW: + SPARC T4 - UltraSPARC II, III, IV, Intel 32-bit (11.1): up to 32 TB RAM, up to 1000 processors; optimized interface to Oracle SGA, Cloud management (11.2): OpenStack, puppet, elastic virtual switch (11.3): live migration of zones, Infiniband for kernel zones, ZFS LZ4, OpenStack Juno (11.4): bundled software (eg. MySQL 5.7, Oracle instant client 12.2, ...), cloudbase-init,	11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4	2011-11 2012-10 2014-04 2015-10 2018-08	2034-11
11 Express	Production	SunOS 5.11; Containers, network virtualization, ZFS deduplication	11/10	2010-11	2034-11
Solaris 10	Production	SunOS 5.10. Container/Zones (virtualization), DTrace, NFS v4, AMD and x86 processor full support; (6/06 U2): ZFS (advanced FS) (8/07 U4): iSCSI, Samba with AD, containers for Linux (5/09 U7): Nehalem, containers cloning using ZFS (9/10 U9): P2Zone	8/11 (U10)	2005-01	2021-01
Solaris 9	Production	Resource management, SVM (solaris volume manager), 1x1 thread model as default	9/05	2002-05	2014
Solaris 8	Production	Freeware version available, CPC (cyclic page cache), forced unmount, IPv5, IPsec, enhanched thread library	8 2/04	2000	2012
Solaris 7	Unsupported	64-bit kernel, 64-bit procs, UFS log	7 11/99	1998	2008
Solaris 2.6	Unsupported	Large files, Processor sets, UFS directIO	2.6	1997	2006
Solaris 2.5	Unsupported	SunOS 5.5. NFS v3, large kernel pages, UltraSPARC	2.5.1	1995	2003
Solaris 2.4	Unsupported	SunOS 5.4. First SPARC/x86 version, 20-way SMP, CDE	2.4	1994	2003
Solaris 2.0	Unsupported	VFS, SunOS 5.0, Many System V enhanchements; (1992): Intel edition	2.3	1992	2002
SunOS 4	Unsupported	First Solaris version	4.1.4	1991	2003
SunOS 1	Unsupported	Based on BSD 4.1		1982

OSF/1 Tru64

OSF/1 is the original name of the Unix OS designed by Dec for their powerful Alpha processor.
The name changed to Digital UNIX after the X/Open standard adoption.
The name changed to Compaq Tru64 after Compaq's purchase.
Later on HP puchased Compaq and Tru64 will not have an evolution but only maintenance releases.

Tru64 is a powerful Unix system: AdvFS, 64-bit complete support, cluster file system, ...

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Tru64 5.1	Production	ES80, GS* new cc-NUMA system support, Capacity on Demand, IPv6, cluster enhanchements	5.1B-3	2000
Tru64 5.0	Unsupported	Cluster File System		1999
Compaq Tru64 4.0	Unsupported	NFS on TCP, X11R6, CDE, PCMCIA, SCSI Dynamic Device Recognition; (4.0A): AlphaServer 8200, 8400 support	4.0G	1996	2000
Digital Unix	Unsupported			1995
OSF/1 1.2	Unsupported	BSD flavour with Mach kernel. Alpha processor support.	1.3	1992

Tru64 is in phase-out. You must migrate to an other OS.
It is not easy since it has several unique features...

Windows

Microsoft produces MS-Windows Operating System for both Client and Server Environments.
Name changes, releases and patches are very frequent.
Sometimes there are problems with stability... but the OS is very feature rich.

Each version has several editions with different functionalities and prices.

(Sources: Wikipedia Microsoft product lifecycle)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Windows 11	Production	New look and feel, widgets, snap layouts	NT 10.0.22631	2021-10		Client
Windows Server 2022	Production	Enhanced security, Advanced Storage functions (easy migration to Azure), ...	NT 10.0.20348	2021-08		Server
Windows Server 2019	Production	Admin Center, Advanced Threat Protection; Kubernetes, Linux containers	NT 10.0.17763	2018-11	2024 2029 ES	Server
Windows Server 2016	Production	PowerShell 5.1, IIS 10 with HTTP/2 support, Windows Server Containers, rolling Hyper-V cluster update, ...	NT 10.0.14393	2016-10	2022 2027 ES	Server
Windows 10	Production	Action center, Start menu, Cortana voice assistant, Project Spartan browser.	NT 10.0.19045	2015-07	2020 2025 ES	Client
Windows Server 2012	Production	Metro UI, Power shell 3.0, IE 10, USB 3 (Windows Server 2012 R2 2013-10) NT 6.3. Power shell 4.0	NT 6.3	2012-09	2018 2023-10 ES	Server
Windows 8	Production	Metro UI, Power shell 3.0, IE 10, USB 3. (8.1 2013-10) NT 6.3. Updated user interface and desktop, update App set. (8.0 2016-01) Desupport.	NT 6.3	2012-10	2018 2023-01 ES	Client
Windows Server 2008 R2	Production	64 bit only, many virtualization features (eg. Hyper.V live migration), IIS 7.5, Active Directory new features	NT 6.1 SP1	2009-10	2013 2020 ES	Server
Windows 7	Production	Stabler and better performances then Vista; Superbar, new shell	NT 6.1 SP1	2009-10	2015 2020 ES	Client
Windows Server 2008	Production	Improved security, .NET Framework 3.0, CPU and Memory Plug and Play	NT 6.0 SP2	2008-02	2013 2018 ES	Server
Windows Vista	Production	New 3D desktop (Aero available in Home Premium Edition)	6.0 SP2	2007-01	2012 2017 ES	Client BAD
Windows 2003	Production	More scaleable and better performances, New IIS Server, better NT 4 compatibility, AD Enhancements.	5.2 SP2	2003	2015 ES	Server
Windows XP	Production	Home and Professional editions	5.1 SP3	2001	2014 ES	Client
Windows 2000	Production	Professional and Server editions; Active Directory, Plug and Play, USB	5.0 SP4 R1 v2	2000	2010 ES
Windows Me	Production	Based on Windows 98	4.90.3000	2000	2006	Client
Windows 98	Production	Based on Windows 95	4.10.2222A	1998	2006	Client
Windows NT 4	Production	Last major release of NT to support the Alpha, MIPS or PowerPC architectures	4.0 SP 6a	1996	2004	Server
Windows 95	Production		SR 2.5	1995	2001	Client
Windows NT 3.51	Production			1995		Server
Windows 1	Production		1.01	1985		Client

If You do not costantly update the system with the latest patches the risk of a security break is very high.

Mobile

There are several OS that are installed on mobile phones. Smartphone generally indicate a powerful, feature rich (eg. multitasking, touch screen, WiFi, GPS, ...) phone on which You can install downloadable custom Apps.
Among others: Apple iOS, Google Android, Microsoft Microsoft Phone, Microsoft Microsoft Mobile, Nokia Symbian OS, Nokia Maemo, RIM BlackBerry, HP PalmOS, Amazon Kindle, ...

iOS / iPhone OS

iOS (previously iPhone OS) is the operating system for iPhones (for iPad, iPod, Apple TV and Apple Watch) developed by Apple.
iOS derives from MAC OS X.

(Source: Apple iOS Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
18	Production	Initial release for iPhone 16. Rich Communication Services (RCS), Passwords, ... (18.1) Apple Intelligence (for 15 Pro+).	18.3.1	2024-09
17	Production	Initial release for iPhone 15. Automatic standby mode, wallpaper improvements, interactive widgets, ...	17.7.2	2023-09
16	Production	Initial release for iPhone 14. Lock Screen. Focus. Messages, Mail, Home. Passkeys, ...	16.7.10	2022-09	2024-08	Final for iPhone 8, X
15	Production	Initial release for iPhone 13. Focus, FaceTime, Notifications, ...	15.8.3	2021-09	2024-07	Final for iPhone 6S/6S Plus, iPhone 7/7 Plus, iPhone SE 1st
14	Production	Widgets, App library, several core App updates (14.1 2020-10): initial release for iPhone 12	14.8.1	2020-12	2021-10
13	Production	Optimized battery charging. Dark mode, new emoji, video resolution and framerate in Camera (13.5 2020-05): COVID-19 tracking API	13.7	2019-09	2020-09
12	Production	Stocks, more battery information; Enhancements: Books, Measure, Compass (12.1 2018-10): dual SIM for X models (12.5.6 2022-08): security fixes	12.5.7	2018-09	2019-10	Final for iPhone 5S, iPhone 6/6 Plus
11	Production	Augmented Reality, Machine Learning; Enhancements: Control Center, AppStore, Siri, Camera, Photo, Maps	11.4.1	2017-09	2018-09
10	Production	Built-in icons hiding, Siri APPs integration, new lock/unlock, camera magnifier	10.3.4	2016-09	2019-07	Final for iPhone 5, 5C
9.3	Production		9.3.6	2016-03	2019-07	Final for iPhone 4S
9.2	Production		9.2.1	2015-12	2016-01
9.1	Production	iPad Pro support. New emoji, several fixes in many Apps	9.1	2015-10
9.0	Production	iPhone 6S; Apple Pay; enhanched inApps: Siri, Notes, Maps, ...; Car Play	9.0.2	2015-09
8.4	Production	Apple Music and Beat 1 Radio (8.4.1 2015-08): fixes	8.4.1	2015-06	2015-08
8.3	Production	Upgrade APP: messages, WiFi, Keyboard with emoticons, Safari tabs, Control Center, ...	8.3	2015-04
8.2	Production	Apple Watch support. Health App improvements.	8.2	2015-03
8.1	Production	Mac integration (Yosemite): Instant Hotspot, SMS messages, iCloud. Apple Pay (US only), ... Initial for iPad Air 2 and iPad Mini 3.	8.1.3	2014-10
8	Production	New keyboard, family sharing, improved multidevice sharing, health, new messaging interface, Apple Watch support, better security, ...	8.0.2	2014-09
7.1	Production	Refined user interface, Siri listens as "walkie-talkie", CarPlay, HDR Photo on 5S, better responsiveness also on old devices.	7.1.2	2014-03	2014-06	Final for iPhone 4
7.0	Production	Control Center, AirDrop for iOS, and smarter multitasking. 64bit support for A7 for iPhone 5S. Touch ID. Over-the-air cellular download limit increased up to 100MB. (7.0.3): bug fixing (lockscreen, iMessage). (7.0.4): bug fixing Programming for iOS 7 requires Xcode 5.0 which requires OS X 10.8.4	7.0.4	2013-09		Compatible with iPhone 4 to iPhone 5x; iPod touch 5th; iPad 2, iPad Retina, iPad mini
6.0	Production	Passbook, FaceTime, Siri (italian too), Apple Maps (Google Maps were better), Panoramic Photos (iPhone 5 and 4S only). Based on Darwin kernel 13.0	6.1.6	2012-09	2014-02	Final for iPhone 3GS
5.1	Production	First released on new iPad (3rd generation)	5.1.1	2012-03	2012-05	Final for iPad 2
5.0	Production	First released on iPhone 4S. iCloud, Notification Center, Siri. Based on Darwin kernel 11.0. (5.0.1): better battery usage	5.0.1	2011-10	2011-11
4.3	Production	Performance (Nitro JavaScript engine in Safari); iTunes upgrade; (4.3.3): reduced location cache (for privacy)	4.3.5	2011-03	2011-07
4.2	Production	All Apple A4 support; AirPlay, AirPrint (4.2.1): Final for iPhone 3G, iPad 2 initial release	4.2.1 4.2.10	2010-11 2011-07	2011-07	Final for iPhone 3G
4.1	Production	Many bug fixes, Game Center, ...	4.1	2010-09
4.0	Production	Multitasking, iPhone 4, iAD, iBooks, ... Unsupported 1st gen. devices. Based on Darwin kernel 10.0	4.0.3	2010-06
3	Production	Compass, Cut&Paste, ...	3.1.3 3.2.2 iPad	2009-06	2010-03	Final for first generation iPhone
2	Production	App Store, Certificate, IPsec VPN, Active Sync, ...	2.2.1	2008-07	2009-01
1	Production	First release for iPhone only. Based on Darwin kernel 9.0. (1.1): iPod Touch, iTunes. (1.1.1): Many new features: TV out,	1.1.5	2007-06	2008-02

iOS device success depends mostly on APPs which are developed with a iOS SDK. iOS SDK Beta is available since 2008-03.
(Sources: DevCenter, Wikipedia): iOS 8.0 Golden Master (2014-09), iOS 7.1 (2014-03), iOS 7.0 Final (2013-09), iOS 6.1 (2013-01), iOS 6.0 Final (2012-09), iOS 5.1 Final (2012-03), iOS 5.0 Final (2011-10), iOS 4.3 Final (2011-03), iOS 4.2 Final (2010-11), iOS 4.1 Final (2010-09), 4.0 Final (2010-06), iPhone OS 3.2 iPad only (2010-04), 3.0 Final (2009-06), 2.2 Official Release (2008-11), 2.0 Official Release with App Store (2008-11), 2.0b2 with Interface Builder (2008-03), 1.2b1 (2008-03). iOS SDK is free but Xcode (the development environment) requires a subscription with an annual fee.

OS upgrade depends mainly on the model and is automatic. The following table reports the relations between iPhone models and iOS.
(Sources: Apple iPhone iPhone models Legacy models Wikipedia)

Model	Date (from)	iOS release (initial)	iOS release (last)	Features
iPhone SE 4^th	2025-03	18.1	current	A17, 6.1 OLED all-screen display, USB-C, Face ID, IP68, 48MP camera.
iPhone 16 Pro /Max	2024-09	18.0	current	A18 Pro, camera control, action button, ... Screen size: 6,3 6,9.
iPhone 16 /Plus	2024-09	18.0	current	A18, camera control, action button, ... Screen size: 6,1 6,7.
iPhone 15 Pro /Max	2023-09	17.0	current	USB-C, A17, titanium case. Max: optical zoom x5.
iPhone 15 /Plus	2023-09	17.0	current	USB-C, A16, Dynamic Island, 48 megapixel camera.
iPhone 14 Pro /Max	2022-09	16.0	current	Apple A16 Bionic system on a chip. Dynamic Island.
iPhone 14 /Plus	2022-09	16.0	current	Apple A15 Bionic system on a chip with 6-core CPU, 5-core GPU, and 16-core Neural Engine.
iPhone SE 3^rd	2022-03	15.4	current	Size like SE2: 4.7 inch display; features like iPhone 13: CPU A15, 5G support. IP67.
iPhone 13 /Mini/Pro/Max	2021-09	15.0	current	CPU A15 Bionic. IP68.
iPhone 12 /Mini/Pro/Max	2020-10	14.1	current	CPU A14 Bionic. 5G. LiDAR Scanner. Screen: 6.1, 5.4, 6.1, 6.7
iPhone SE 2^nd	2020-04	13.4	current	CPU A13 Bionic 6-core 64-bit, 4.7 display
iPhone 11 Pro/Max	2019-09	13.0	current	CPU A13 Bionic 6-core 64-bit, 3-lens, 5.85 / 6.46 display
iPhone 11	2019-09	13.0	current	CPU A13 Bionic 6-core 64-bit, 6.1 display, IP68
iPhone XR	2018-10	12.0	current	A12 Bionic. Liquid Retina, eSIM
iPhone XS	2018-09	12.0	current	A12 Bionic. 3D Touch, eSIM
iPhone X	2017-11	11.0	16.7	A11 chip Esa-core, full Super Retina OLED screen, no home button, face ID, animoji, eSIM. IP67.
iPhone 8 / 8Plus	2017-09	11.0	16.7	A11 chip Esa-core, all glass, wireless charging, touch ID, IP67
iPhone 7 / 7Plus	2016-09	10.0	15.8	A10 chip Quad-core, Water resistant, 2+1 camera on iPhone 7 Plus
iPhone SE	2016-03	9.3	15.8	CPU 1.8 GHz Dual-core A9 64-bit, 4.0 display
iPhone 6S / 6SPlus	2015-09	9.0	15.8	CPU 1.8 GHz Dual-core A9 64-bit
iPhone 6 / 6Plus	2014-09	8.0	12.5.6	Display 4.7, 5.5 for 6Plus, A8 chip
iPhone 5S	2013-09	7.0	12.5.6	CPU 1.3 GHz Dual-core ARMv8s 64-bit
iPhone 5C	2013-09	7.0	10.3.3	CPU 1.3 GHz Dual-core ARMv8s 64-bit
iPhone 5	2012-09	6.0	10.3.3	Display 4.0, CPU 1.3 GHz Dual-core ARMv7s, Lightning connector, nano SIM
iPhone 4S	2011-10	5.0	9.3.5	CPU 1 GHz Cortex-A9, Bluetooth 4.0 LE
iPhone 4	2010-06	4.0	7.1.2	CPU 1 GHz Cortex-A8, Front camera, Retina display, micro SIM
iPhone 3GS	2009-06	3.0	6.1.6	CPU 833 MHz Cortex-A8, Compass, Bluetooth 2.1
iPhone 3G	2008-07	2.0	4.2.1	GPS
iPhone	2007-06	1.0	3.1.3	Display 3.5 3:2 480x320, 4-16 GB RAM, 620 MHz 32-bit ARM CPU, Quad band, Bluetooth 2.0

Android

Android is an Open Source operating system for cellular phones developed by Google and by
Open Handset Alliance (OHA): Google, ASUS, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, Samsung, NVIDIA, ...
XOR Android Green Alliance (AGA): Huawei, Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent, NetEase, ...
Android is based on Linux.

(Source: Android Studio Android version usage Wikipedia Version History)

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
14.0	Upside Down Cake	Production	API 34;	14.0.0	2023-3Q
13.0	Tiramisu	Production	API 33; permission request before notifications, Bluetooth LE Audio and the LC3 audio codec, ...	13.0.0	2022-08
12.0	Snow Cone	Production	API 31; new UI with Material You, One handed mode, scrolling screenshot, Android Runtime, privacy dashboard, ... (2022-03 12L): Improvements for larger screens	12.1.0	2021-10
11.0	Red Velvet Cake	Production	API 30; chat bubbles, screen recorder, one-time permission, Android Auto 5Ghz WiFi	11.0.0	2020-09
10.0	Queen Cake	Production	API 29; Project mainline update, notification bubbles, background apps, biometric authentication, foldable phones, ...	10.0.0	2019-09	2023-02
9.0	Pie	Production	Linux Kernel 4.10, API 28; New user interface, adaptive battery, ...	9.0.0	2018-08	2022-01
8.0	Oreo	Production	API 26; Picture in picture, notification channels/dots, improved battery life, less background app activity, Google Play Protect, ... (8.1): API Level 27	8.1.0	2017-08	2021-10
7.0	Nougat	Production	API Level 24-25; Screen zoom, Emergency, DaydreamVR, Instant Apps, multi-windows support, ...	7.1.2	2016-08	2019-10
6.0	Marshmallow	Production	API Level 23; Doze power management, USB Type-C, fingerprint auth, new permission model, MIDI support.	6.0.1	2015-10	2018-08
5.0	Lollipop	Production	API Level 21-22; Android Runtime (ART) instead of Dalvik, 64bit support, OpenGL ES 3.1, WebRTC, ...; Material design, better battery usage (Project Volta), multiple profile, per APP connection, ... (5.1): API Level 22	5.1.1 5.0.2	2015-03 2014-11	2018-03 2017-11
4.4	KitKat	Production	API Level 19; Comprensive Memory Management (can run with only 512MB of RAM; APP awareness), Host Card Emulation for NFC transactions, Low-power consuption sensors, new WebView with HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript full support, Printing framework, Full-screen mode, translucent UI, ...	4.4.4	2013-11	2017-10
4.1	Jelly Bean	Production	API Level 16; Smoother and faster interface, offline voice recognition, notification, voice search. API Level 16. (4.2): Faster, new camera app, API Level 17 (4.3): API 18	4.1.2 4.2.2 4.3.1	2012-07 2012-11
4.0	Ice Cream Sandwich	Production	A Gingerbread+Honeycomb release: for both tablets and small mobiles. New supported devices: temperature and humidity. Additional USB and OTG support. (4.0.3): API Level 15	4.0.4	2011-10
3.0	Honeycomb	Production	Optimized for tablet; 3D widget; multicore support; Google Maps5, Google eBooks, Google Talk; Linux 2.6.36 3.1: API12; Optimized UI, upgraded std. apps (eg. browser with HTML5 support and faster zoom), USB Host support, strong WiFi support (also offline), external keyboard, mouse, joystick support	3.0 3.1 3.2.6	2011-02 2011-05 2011-07
2.3	Gingerbread	Production	Linux 2.6.35; API9; Copy&Paste; XXL screen support; native support for: multiple cameras, additional sensors (eg. barometer), SIP VoIP, NFC (Near Field Communication) (2.3.3): API Level 10	2.3.2 2.3.7	2010-12
2.2	Froyo	Production	Linux 2.6.32; API8 rev.1; many optimizations, WiFi hotspot, Chrome, Flash 10.1. Can install Google Play Service that allows automatic update of user applications	2.2.2	2010-05
2.0	Eclair	Production	Linux 2.6.29; API5-7 rev.2; new UI, new browser with HTML5 support (Obsoleted: 2.0/API5 rev.1, 2.0.1/API6 rev.1)	2.1-upd1	2009-10
1.6	Donut	Production	Linux 2.6.29; API4 rev.3; Better Android Market, integrated interface for camera, camcorder and gallery, WVGA, Voice search, CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, T2S	1.6	2009-09
1.5	CupCake	Production	Linux 2.6.27; API3 rev.4; new smart soft-keyboard, Bluetooth A2DP and AVCP	1.5	2009-04
1.1	Petit Four		First Official Release. API Level 2. Linux Kernel 2.6.		2009-02
1.0			Released as Open Source with an Apache License. Linux Kernel 2.1.		2008-10

Upgrade depends mainly on models/firmware.

Available SDK (Java based with a cool Eclipse Plug-in) are: 4.0.3, 4.0, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0, 2.3.4, 2.3.3, 2.2 (May 2010), 2.1 (Jan 2010). Old ones were: 2.3 2.0.1 (Dec 2009), 2.0, 1.6, 1.5, 1.1.
AppDeveloper, the easy web interface development environment, is available as BETA since Jun 2010.

Microsoft Phone / Microsoft Mobile

Windows Mobile was the first Microsoft OS based on Windows CE for Pocket PCs and Smartphones.
Microsoft Phone replaced Windows Mobile on 2010 without any compatibility.
Nokia adopted Microsoft Phone platform on February 2011. Nokia Lumia 800 was the first model available since Nov 2011.

(Sources: Official site (10) Official site (8.1) Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Windows 10 Mobile	Prod	It is a Windows 10 OS branded for mobile devices. Not a successul release...	10.0.15063.540	2016-03	2020-01
Windows Phone 9	Dev
Windows Phone 8	Prod	Based on Windows NT kernel. Multicore support, higher resolution screens (8.1 2014-04): IE 11, tab syncingCortana Voice Assistant (beta for US only)	8.1 upd 2	2012-10
Windows Phone 7	Prod	Metro interface; (NoDo 2011-03): CDMA support, Copy&Paste. (Windows Phone 7.5 Mango 2011-05): IE9, multitasking (Tango 2012): lower CPU requisites (Windows Phone 7.8 2013-01): backport of some 8.0 features for HW not supporting the new release	7.8	2010-11
Windows Mobile 6.5	Old	Based on Windows CE	6.5.3	2007	2010

Kindle

Amazon sell two different kind of device: Book Readers and tablets.
Kindle is an eReader with eInk screen. Only simple applications can be hosted on them.
The development environment is called Kindle Development Kit (KDK) for active content for E Ink Kindles

The second kind of device is Kindle Fire. It is a standard tablet with Android OS.
Kindle Fire applications are hosted on a different market (Amazon Appstore for Android) than Google Play.
The development environment is the standard Android Eclipse enviroment with some differences.
See the Amazon Appstore Developer Program for details.

(Source Amazon Kindle publishing

)

Model	Version	Notes	Picture	Date (from)
Kindle E-reader	5.13.4	Kindle / Kindle Oasis / Kindle Paperwhite 10^th Generation
Kindle Fire	7.3.1.7	HD8 /Plus 10^th Gen., HD 10 9^th Gen., Fire 7 9^th Gen., HD 8 8^th Gen.
...
Kindle Oasis	5.9.2	9^th Generation		2017
Kindle Fire HD 10	5.5.0.0	7^th Generation		2017
...
Kindle Voyage	5.6.2.1	New model: automatic light, page turn.		2015
Kindle Paperwhite	5.4.5.1	2nd Generation. (2015-06): 300 dpi, Bookerly font		2012
Kindle Paperwhite	5.4.4.1	Frontlight		2012
Kindle Fire HD 8.9"	8.1.3			2012-09
Kindle Fire HD 7"	7.2.1	Android Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0.3)		2012-09
Kindle Fire 2nd	10.1.3			2012-09
Kindle Fire	6.3.1	Android Gingerbread (2.23) Social Sharing, Movie rental upd. (6.2.1) Bug fixing		2011
Kindle4 Kindle	4.1.0	Improved fonts, complex layout support, parental control. (4.0.1) Smooth Page refresh		2011 2012-09
Kindle Touch	5.1.2	Bug fixing (5.1) Kindle format 8, TTS		2011 (US only) 2012
Kindle Keyboard	3.4	Personal documents; (3.4) Parental control		2010
Kindle DX	2.5	Zoom on PDF, post on Facebook and Twitter		2009
Kindle 2	2.5	Zoom on PDF, post on Facebook and Twitter		2009
Kindle 1	1.2			2007

Update is automatic with WhisperNet (WiFi).

RIM

There are several development platforms for RIM (Research In Motion) Blackberry Smartphones:

RIM Smartphone development architectures

Ubuntu Phone

Ubuntu Phone (aka Ubuntu Touch) has been announced on 2 February 2013 by Canonical.

(Source: Ubuntu Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Ubuntu Phone	Preview		14.0	2013-02	2017-04

Firefox OS

Boot to Gecko is the original project launched on July 2011.
Firefox OS has been announced on July 2012 by Mozilla.

(Source: Firefox OS Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Firefox OS 2.0	Production		2.2	2014	2015-04
Firefox OS 1.0	Production		1.3	2013-02

Samsung Smart TV SDK

I know Smart-TV it's not a Mobile Phone... but this section is the nearest

(Source Samsung Developer Forum)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
5	Production	+Platform TV 2014. (5.1 2014-04)	5.1	2014-01
4.1	Production	Platform TV Year: 2011, 2012, 2013		2013-04
4.0	Production	Linux and Mac OS partial support (less functionalities and requires VirtualBox to run the emulator). Gesture events (2013 only). Platform TV Year: 2011, 2012, 2013		2013-01
3.5	Production	Eclipse IDE added. (3.5.1): In-App Ads Platform TV Year: 2010, 2011, 2012	3.5.2	2012-06
2.5	Production	Platform TV Year: 2010, 2011	2.5.1	2011-08
1.5	Production	Platform TV Year: 2010	1.510	2010-09

VMware

VMware gives the possibility to install different operating systems
on the same HW. Thanks to VMware these features, once available only on Enterprise System
such as mainframes or partitionable Unix, are available on commodity Hardware.
They offer many products, most common ones are:
VMware ESX and ESXi (Enterprise products for vCenter on bare metal), VMware Server (Free), VMware Workstation (cool desktop tool), ...

(Sources: VMware vSphere Product-Lifecycle Versions Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
ESXi 8.0	Production	Increased limits: 8 vGPU devices, 1000 managed ESXi hosts, 10000 VM per cluster, 32 VM DirectPath I/O devices per host. Distributed Services Engine (DSE), Device Virtualization Extensions (DVX), Tanzu Kubernetes Grid 2.0, changes in: Security, Lifecycle Management	8.0 Upd1	2022-10	2027-10
ESXi 7.0	Production	Virtual appliance vCenter with HTLM5 interface, Kubernetes support (Tanzu), improved DRS cluster, improved vSAN for hyperconvergence, latest guest OS support: Windows Server 2019, Ubuntu 19, SUSE Linux 11.x, Red Hat / CentOS 8.x, ... Notice: 7.0 vCenter manages ESXi 6.5+ hosts only, no VNC support. (7.0 U1c 2021-02) fixes CVE-2021-21972, CVE-2021-21974. (7.0 U3c 2022-01) fixes CVE-2021-22040.	7.0 Upd3l	2020-04	2025-04
ESXi 6.7	Production	vCenter Server Appliance, Instant Clone API, ESXi Quick Boot, ... (ESXi670-202102401-SG 2021-02) fixes CVE-2021-21972, CVE-2021-21974. (ESXi670-202111101-SG 2022-01) fixes CVE-2021-22040.	6.7 Upd3b	2018-04	2022-10
ESXi 6.5	Production	Photon OS, Proactive HA, quaratine mode, HA Orchestrated Restart, REST API, VM encryption, ... (ESXi650-202102101-SG 2021-02) fixes CVE-2021-21972, CVE-2021-21974. (ESXi650-202202401-SG 2022-01) fixes CVE-2021-22040.	6.5 Upd3a	2016-11	2022-10
ESXi 6.0	Production	Up to 64 nodes and 8K VMs, larger VMs (128 vCPU, 4TB RAM), VVol, FT snapshot, vMotion across vCenter, ...	6.0 Upd2	2015-03	2020-03
ESXi 5.5	Production	Expanded vGPU Support, Support for 62 TB VMDK, QoS Tagging, ...	5.5 Upd3	2013-09	2018-09
ESXi 5.1	Production	Larger VMs (up to 64 vCPU, up to 1TB RAM), new disk format optimized for VDI, vSphere vMotion, vSphere Replication	5.1 Upd3	2012-09	2016-08
ESXi 5.0	Production	ESXi only. Advanced Memory Management. Optimized Device Drivers. PowerCLI+enhanced vCLI. ESXi Shell	5.0 Upd3	2011-08	2016-08
ESXi 4.1	Production	No service console. PowerCLI+vCLI. Partial SNMP support	4.1 Upd3	2010	2014
ESX 4.1	Production	Last ESX release, now rebranded ESXi	4.1 U2	2010	2014
ESX 4	Production	Up to 64 hosts CPU in Cluster; Host up to 1TB RAM, 64 CPUs, 512 VM; Guest up to 255GB RAM, 8 vCPUs	4.0 Upd4	2009	2014
ESX 3.5	Production	Both ESX and ESXi. Guest up to 4 vCPUs	3.5 Upd5	2007	2010 (2013 ext)
ESX 3	Unsupported	One Step P2V Convert tool, Memory management enhancements (>2.5 GB RAM), boots from initrd	3.0.3 U1	2006	2008 (2011 ext)
ESX 2	Unsupported	Boot from Linux, then S90vmware loads vmkernel	2.5.5	2002	2007 (2010 ext)
GSX 1	Unsupported		1.5	2001

ESX is available up to 4.1. ESXi is available since 3. Basic ESXi features are free (no vCenter Server license).
VMware vSphere can manages clouds of ESX and ESXi servers.

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
VMware Server 2.0	Production	Web interface (tomcat 6 based), 64-bit support, Volume Shadow Copy, VMI support	2.0.2
VMware Server 1.0	Production		1.0.10	2006
GSX Server 3	Unsupported	More security. Serveral new OS supported	3.2.1
GSX Server 2	Unsupported		2.5.2

Limited functionality but run on a desktop and... the VMware Workstation Player is free (the other product is called VMware Workstation Pro)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Workstation 16	Production		16.2.0	2020-09
...
Workstation 12	Production	DirectX 10, OpenGL 3.3, IPv6 NAT	12.1.0	2015-08
Workstation 11	Production	Guest support: Ubuntu 14.10, Windows 10, RH/CentOS 7	11.1.2	2014-12
Workstation 10	Production	Up to 16 vCPUs, SSD pass-through	10.0.7	2013-09
Workstation 9	Production	USB 3.0. Guest support: Ubuntu 12.04, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012	9.0	2012-08
Workstation 8	Production	Requires x64 CPU. Shared Virtual Machines	8.0	2011-09
Workstation 7	Production	More than 2 Host CPU supported, WDDM->Windows Aero; Windows7, Windows Server 2008 R2	7.0.1	2009-10
Workstation 6.5	Production	More guest and host supported both 32 and 64bit; several performance improvements		2008-9
Workstation 6	Production	USB 2.0, Multiple monitor display, VM Record/Replay, Windows Vista, Integrated Virtual Debugger (Visual Studio, Eclipse), Automation APIs (VIX API 1.1)	6.0.2	2007
Workstation 5	Unsupported		5.5	2005
Workstation 4	Unsupported		4.5	1999
Workstation 3	Unsupported		3.1	1999
Workstation 2	Unsupported			1999
Workstation 1	Unsupported	First cool virtualization product!	1	1999

VMware is great for consolidation and server upgrade!

VirtualBox

VirtualBox is a free virtualization environment developed by Oracle (since 2010).
VirtualBox has got a strong reputation for performance and ease of use.
VirtualBox requires an host operating system and supports many of them: Linux, MS-Windows, OS X, Solaris, ...
The optional VirtualBox Extension Pack increases some guest specific features (eg. better USB, video support)

(Sources: Wikipedia Official Site)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
7.0	Production	Manage OCI VM, full VM encryption, macOS hosting based on Apple frameworks (7.0.2 2022-10): many fixes for macOS	7.0.4	2022-10	2022-11
6.1	Production	Support for importing and exporting virtual machines from/to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, shared clipboard, nexted HW-virtualization on Intel Desupport: Software based virtualization	6.1.40	2019-12	2021-10	Supported till 2023-12
6	Production	New GUI, OCI (Oracle Cloud Interface) integration to export a VM in cloud, new API, VRDE audio attach/detach support	6.0.24	2018-12	2020-07
5	Production	Paravirtualization, USB3 support, bidirectional drag&drop. (5.0.40 2017-04): last 5.0, no longer supported (5.1 2016-07): better performances, improved logging. (5.1.38 2018-05): last 5.1, no longer supported (5.2 2017-10): export to Oracle Cloud, unattended guest installation.	5.2.44	2015-07	2020-07
4	Production	Sun acquired by Oracle. GNU License (GPL v2). (4.0.36 2015-11): last 4.0 (4.1 2011-07) Aero support, VM clone. (4.1.44 2015-11): last 4.1 (4.2 2012-09) VM dynamic settings, VM groups. (4.2.36 2015-11): last 4.2 (4.3 2013-10) touch support, video capture.	4.3.40	2010-12	2016-08
3	Production	(3.2) OS X support	3.2	2009
2	Production	Innotek acquired by Sun	2.2	2008
1	Production	Initially developed by Innotek GmbH. PUEL license	1.6	2007

Several VM templates are available on http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/developer-vm/index.html

Xen

Xen is a virtualization environment developed initialy by the University of Cambridge,
later on by XenSource which had been acquired by Citrix on 2007...
the Community develop Xen as open software (GPL2).
Xen has a very large installed base (eg. Amazon Web Services, Rackspace) and many commercial products are based on it.

(Sources: New features list (4.14) Xen Versions Old Releases features Wikipedia Git)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
4	Stable	Scalability: up to 128 vcpu per guest, 1TB RAM, 128 CPU per host; linux 2.6.31 on dom0; Memory page sharing; Xen Cloud Platform; online disk resize; IOMMU and VGA pass-through (VT-d, AMD IOMMU). (4.1) linux kernel on dom0, more than 255 processors. (4.2) up to 4095 host processors and up to 512 guest processors; XL (xenlight) toolstack instead of xm/xend command (4.3) ARM support (experimental), Open vSwitch. Desupport: x86-32bit hypervisor, ia64 hypervisor (4.4) libvirt support for libxl, new event channel interface, nested virtualization (on Intel), ARM stable support. x86 Host limits: 4095 CPUs, 16TB RAM; x86 PV Guest limits: 512 CPUs, 512GB RAM; x86 HVM Guest limits: 128 CPUs, 1TB RAM. (4.5) libxl replacement for phyton xend. Several processor specific updates for better performance, security and larger support. (4.6) Several quality and security fixes: Migration v2, scalability improvements, ARM support, Xen’s Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) improvements for security, ... (4.7) Improved live migrations, performances and workload. ARM and Intel Xeon support. x86 PV Guest: >1TB RAM (4.8) Faster big domain creation, new Credit2 scheduler, HVM USB passthrough. (4.9) Security hardening, code quality, PCI Passthrough on ARM; for automotive and embedded: “null” scheduler, new ABIs for sharing devices between VM. (4.10) PVHv2 DomU (PVHv2 requires OS support available since Linux 4.11)	4.0.4 4.1.6.1 4.2.5 4.3.4 4.4.4 4.5.5 4.6.6 4.7.6 4.8.5 4.9.4 4.10.4 4.11.3 4.12.3 4.13.1 4.14.1 4.15 4.16 4.17	2010-04 2011-03 2012-09 2013-07 2014-03 2015-01 2015-10 2016-06 2016-12 2017-07 2017-12 2018-07 2019-04 2020-01 2020-07 2021-04 2021-12 2022-12	EOL EOL EOL EOL 2017-01 2018-01 2018-10 2019-06 2019-12 2020-07 2020-12 2021-07 2022-04 2022-12 2023-07 2024-04 2024-12 2025-12
3	Stable	HVM support: unmodified Windows and legacy Linux guests; (3.1) XenAPI 1.0, 32bit guest on 64bit hypervisor, HVM save/restore/migrate; (3.2) device pass-through, better network performances; (3.3) full x86 real-mode emulation, power management (P & C states); (3.4) RAS (offline CPU, memory), power management (deep sleep, frequency/voltage controls)	3.0.4 3.1.4 3.2.3 3.3.2 3.4.2	2005 2007-05 2008-01 2008-08 2009-05
2	Old	Live Migration. Copy-on-write LVM volumes or loopback files. Network enanchements: arbitrary firewalling, bridging and routing of guest virtual network interfaces.	2.0.7	2004
1	Old	First public stable release of the Xen virtual machine monitor for x86, and port of Linux 2.4.22 as a guest OS by Cambridge University. Xen uses para-virtualization which is very fast.		2003

Many commercial products and solutions are based on Xen Hypervisor. Oracle VM and Citrix XenServer are the most important ones.
Many internet providers use Xen. Among others: Amazon EC2, Rackspace Cloud, IBM SoftLayer, ...

Oracle VM

Oracle VM (OVM) is an Enterprise virtualization environment based on Xen developed and supported by Oracle.
The architecture is composed by one Oracle VM Manager that manages one ore more Oracle VM Servers (Xen) 
throught an agent hosted on dom0.
VM guest can be Linux, which natively supports Xen, or Windows which require PV Drivers for better performances.

(Sources: Oracle Doc Downloads Guest Support HW CL Blog )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
3.4	Stable	Xen Hypervisor 4.4, UEK4 kernel for Dom0. Storage live migration, Virtual Appliance support, Ksplice kernel upgrade, VNC and Serial Console automatic deploy, OVM Manager UI better performances, SNMP monitoring, P2V utility, 256 guest vCPU, UEFI and FCoE boot support, ... (3.4.2 2016-09): Xen 4.4.4, UEK4 upd2, NVMe support, PVHVM hot memory modification (3.4.3 2017-05): Microsoft Windows Clustering support; upgraded kernel, packages and MySQL; better RAID support, Manager performance enhancements, CentOS 7 officially supported (3.4.4 2017-08): UEK R4 U4 (Skylake processors support), July 2017 Critical Patch Update for all the components (3.4.5 2018-06): UEK R4 U7, OL 6.9, new balance server policy, TLSv1.2, April 2018 Critical Patch Updates. Deprecation: paravirtualized guests (PVM) guests, management of OVM Server 3.2.1x for x86; VM SOAP API, some Oracle VM Utilities scripts, HugePages. (3.4.6 2018-11): October 2018 CPU, move running VM to another repository. Desupport: paravirtualized guests (PVM) guests, management of OVM Server 3.2.1x for x86. (3.4.6.1 2019-06): April 2018 CPU and additional security patches. (3.4.6.1E 2019-07): CVE-2019-2729. (3.4.6.2 2019-12): Guest support: OL/RH/CentOS 8.x, Microsoft Server 2019; October 2019 Critical Patch Update. (3.4.6.3 2020-06): Export to OCI (Oracle Cloud Infrastructure); April 2020 Critical Patch Update. (3.4.7 2021-04): OVM Server stays at 3.4.6-2105, bundled MySQL updated to 8.0, January 2021 patches.	3.4.7.4	2016-03	2021-03	Extended support up to 2024-06
3.3	Stable	OVM Manager: MySQL 5.6 EE, Java 7, WebLogic 12c; OVM Server: Xen Hypervisor 4.3, OEL 6 with UEK3 for Dom0. New features: Xeb Services API (both SOAP and REST), new event model, Huge Page Support, SSL for Agent, enhancements in the network architecture, better and certified Windows PV drivers, new JavaScript/HTML5 console, better SPARC support (iSCSI, FC, ZFS, local disk, HA, bonding, ), ... OVM 3.3 can be integrated in a OpenStack Cloud (preview feature). (3.3.2 2015-02) Available on MOS. Many bug fixes (3.3.3 2015-07) Available on MOS. Bug and security fixes, FCoE support, more CNA support, ... (3.3.4 2016-03) Available on MOS. Bug, performance (eg. networking) and security fixes. kernel-uek-3.8.13-118.	3.3.5	2014-07
3.2	Stable	Xen Hypervisor 4.1.3. MySQL on Manager (instead of Oracle XE for Simple install). SPARC Agent support. New CLI. Better GUI with more information (eg. health tab, tagging). Hot cloning. Direct VM import. Serial console. (3.2.6 2013-10) Xen and Dom0 linux kernel upgrade (3.2.7 2013-12) Many fixes, some related to upgrade from previous versions (3.2.8 2014-04) Many fixes, API SDK in the installer (3.2.9 2014-12) Available on MOS. Bug fixes	3.2.11	2013-01
3.1	Stable	Xen Hypervisor 4.1.2. Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 2 for Dom0. LUN/OCFS2 resize, Virtual Machine Templates, hot add vCPU, Oracle VM Servers discover, multi-path SAN boot (KO since 3.0), ...	3.1.1	2012-05
3.0	Stable	Xen Hypervisor 4.0. Dom0 uses Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. Better EM integration. Distributed Resource Scheduling (DRS), Distributed Power Management (DPM), ADF user interface. Desupport: user roles, file based deployment. (3.0.3 2012-01): Anti-Affinity Support, configuration wizards, live migration assistant	3.0.3	2011-08
2.2	Old	Xen 3.4 (2.2.1) large farm support (up to 32 nodes), HA enhancements (2.2.2) driver and software update (eg. OCFS 1.4.8, nic drivers), vmpinfo	2.2.3	2011-06	2015-11
2.1	Old	Xen based virtualization platform with a web console management (2.1.1) bug fixing, guest features: preferred server, boot source (2.1.2) larger HW support, High Availability, guest and hypervisor debugger, faster I/O, P2V and V2V (2.1.5) stability fixings, documentation update, Web Services API	2.1.5	2009-06
2.0	Old		2.0	2007-11

KVM

KVM is an Open Source virtualization environment.
KVM is available as an external module since 2.6.16 and
from release 2.6.20 it's included in mainline Linux kernel.

(Sources: Official site Guest support)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
2.6.33	Stable		2.6.33.1	2010-2
2.6.32	Stable		2.6.32.9	2009-12
2.6.31	Stable		2.6.31.6b	2009-11
2.6.30	Stable	First kvm-kmod-xx release	2.6.30.1	2009-6
kvm-88	Stable	Last kvm-xx	kvm-88	2009-7
kvm-12	Stable	Linux 2.6.20	kvm-12	2007-01
kvm-1	Devel		kvm-1	2006-11

Proxmox VE

Proxmox is an Open Source Virtualization Environment who manages both LXC containers and KVM full virtualization.
Proxmox has features similar to commercial products: the GUI is easy to use and it supports node clustering for HA.

(Sources: Official site Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
8.0	Production	Debian Bookworm 12.0, QEMU 8.0.2, LXC 5.0.2, Ceph Quincy 17.2.7, ZFS 2.1.12; Seamless upgrade from 7.4 (8.1 2023-11): Linux kernel 6.5, Debian Bookworm 12.2, QEMU 8.1.2, LXC 5.0.2, Ceph Reef 18.2.0, ZFS 2.2.0; Secure boot support, Software-Defined Network moved to supported, official MAC address BC:24:11	8.1	2023-06	2023-11
7.0	Production	Debian Bullseye 11.0, QEMU 6.0, LXC 4.0, Ceph Pacific 16.2, ZFS 2.0.4 (7.4 2023-03): Debian Bullseye 11.6, QEMU 7.2, LXC 5.0.2, Ceph Pacific 16.2.11, ZFS 2.1.9, linux kernel 5.15 otp-in 6.2; CRS rebalance service on start up, dark theme	7.4	2021-07	2023-03
6.0	Production	Debian Buster 10.0, Kernel 5.0, QEMU 4.0, LXC 3.1 (6.1 2019-12): Debian Buster 10.2, Linux kernel 5.3, QEMU 4.1.1, LXC 3.2, ZFS 0.8.2; more datacenters via GUI, HA stack improvements, Fedora 31, CentOS 8, and Ubuntu 19.10 support, ...	6.4	2019-07	2021-04
5.0	Production	Debian Stretch 9.0, Kernel 4.10.15, QEMU 2.9, LXC 2.0.8, live migration with local storage (5.1 2017-10): Debian Stretch 9.2, Linux kernel 4.13.3, QEMU 2.9.1, LXC 2.1, ZFS 0.7.2 (5.3 2018-12): Debian Stretch 9.6, Linux kernel 4.15.18, QEMU 2.12.1, LXC 3.0.2, ZFS 0.7.12 (5.4 2019-04): Debian Stretch 9.8, Linux kernel 4.15.18, QEMU 2.12.1, LXC 3.1.0, ZFS 0.7.13	5.4	2017-07	2019-04
4.0	Production	Linux kernel 4.2, Debian Jessie 8.2, LXC instead of OpenVZ, IPv6, new HA (4.1 2015-12): Linux kernel 4.2.6, LVM thin support (preview), systemd (4.2 2016-04): Linux kernel 4.4.6, Debian Jessie 8.4, HA improvments, LVM thin (4.3 2016-09): Linux kernel 4.4.19, GUI improvements, VM wizard better settings (4.4 2016-12): Linux kernel 4.4.35, LXC improvements, new dashboards, HA GUI	4.4	2015-10	2016-12
3.0	Stable	VM templates, cloning (3.2 3.3): SPICE, HTML5 GUI, firewall, ZFS plugin	3.4	2013-05	2015-02
2.0	Stable	New GUI, HA, RESTful API	2.3	2012-03	2013-03
1.0	Stable	First stable release. KVM and OpenVZ live migration	1.9	2008-10	2011-09
0.x	Devel	Proxmox Virtual Environment (VE) with OpenVZ and KVM	0.9	2008-04	2008-07

Proxmox VE versions are supported at least as long as the corresponding Debian is oldstable.
Proxmox VE uses a rolling release model and using the latest stable version is always recommended.

oVirt

oVirt is an Open Source virtualization environment to manage KVM virtualization.

(Sources: Official site RPM Repository Release Notes Blog Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4.x	Production	Red Hat / CentOS 7.2. (4.4.6) both oVirt Node and oVirt Engine Appliance are based on CentOS Stream (4.5) based on RHEL 8.6 / CentOS Stream 8	4.0.6 4.1.9 4.2.8 4.3.10 4.4.10.2 4.5.4 4.5.5	2016-06 2017-02 2017-12 2019-02 2020-05 2022-04 2023-12	2017-01 2018-01 2019-01 2020-06 2022-03 2022-12 2023-12	Only the last release is supported (currently 4.5.5)
3.x	Production	First Open Source release based on Red Hat code. oVirt Engine on JBoss AS7, Python SDK, Fedora oVirt Node	3.6.7	2012-02	2016-06

Oracle Linux Virtualization Manager

Oracle Linux Virtualization Manager (OLVM) is a virtualization environment based on oVirt for Oracle Linux.

(Sources: GA Official Doc What's new)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4.x	Production	(4.2.8 2019-06) First Oracle release with UEK 5, OL 7.6, oVirt 4.2.8, PostgreSQL 9.5. (2019-10): Hard Partitioning officially documented. (4.3.6 2020-03) Self hosted deployment. OL/RH/CentOS 8, SUSE 12 SP5, SUSE 15 SP1, MS-Windows Server 2019 support, virt-v2v utility. Deprecated: Export Domain (use Export to OVA). (4.3.10 2021-02) OL 7 upd 9 with UEK6 support. PostgreSQL 10.7, Wildfly 17.0, ... (4.4.8 2022-05) Based on oVirt 4.4.8; added OL 8 KVM host support, both OL7 and OL8 hosts are supported. PostgreSQL 13.7, Grafana 7.5, Wildfly 23.0, ... Full VM customization when cloning, asynchronous snapshots, Gluster 8 support, auto-start configuration, UI updates, ... (4.4.10 2022-09) Updated to oVirt 4.4.10. (4.5.4 2023-12) Based on oVirt 4.5.4.	4.5.5	2019-06	2024-07

Docker

Docker simplifies the deployment of applications inside software containers.
Docker is written in Go.

(Source: Official Site GitHub previous)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
1.0	Production	Enhanced security for LXC. (1.10 2016-02): removed LXC support (1.11.1-beta12 2016-05): native client for Mac OSX and MS Windows (17.3): montly release cycle based on 1.13.1 with montly and quaterly channels (2020-06): Compose V2 available; GA on 2022-04 (2023-06): desupport of Compose V1	27.5.1	2014-06	2025-01
0.1	Old	Released as Open Source. (0.8.0 2014-02) Mac official support. (0.9 2014-03): native exec uses libcontainer.	0.12.0	2013-03
	Old	Developed in dotCloud as internal project to provide PaaS with LXC, libvirt or systemd-nspawn containers.

Kubernetes

Kubernetes (K8s) is an open-source system written in Go for managing containerized applications across multiple hosts.

(Source: Official Site Releases )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
1	Production	Mantained by Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). (1.5 2016-12): StatefulSets [NdA Beta]. (1.9 2017-12): apps/v1 Workloads API (DaemonSet, Deployment, ReplicaSet, StatefulSet). (1.19 2020-08): N-3 minor release patch support.	1.31.0	2015-07	2024-08
0	Old	Developed in Google based on Borg, an internal cluster project.		2014-06

Kubernetes support policy is minor-3 (was minor-2 up to 1.18): K8s 1.19 and newer receive approximately 1 year of patch support. New features are introduced as Alfa, then they promote to Beta and then to Stable. Version skew policy between K8s components is a bit complex...

There are several platforms (distro) based on K8s, to name a few: Canonical K8s Canonical, RH OpenShift Openshift, VMware Tanzu Tanzu, SUSE Rancher Rancher, HPE Ezmereral Ezmereral, Mirantis, ...

VCS

Veritas Cluster Server [now Veritas InfoScale Availability] is a well known cluster environment.
Veritas merged with Symantec (now known as NortonLifeLock) in 2005 and later on [NdA 2016] was demerged.

(Sources: Official Site)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Date (EOSL)
8.0	Production		8.0.1	2022-05	2022-06
7.0	Production	Veritas Infoscale Availability	7.0.1 7.1 7.2 7.3.1 7.4.3	2015-05 2016-05 2016-11 2017-06 2018-06	2021-05 2021-11	2022-12
6.2	Production	Supported OS: AIX 6.1, AIX 7.1, RH 6, RH 7, SUSE 11, Solaris 10, Solaris 11. (6.2.1 2015-05): SUSE 12 and Oracle Linux 7 (OL 7) with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 (UEK R3).	6.2.1	2014-11	2020-10
6.1	Production		6.1	2014-04	2019-12
6.0	Production		6.0.4	2012-09	2018-12	2020-12
5.1	Production	Packaging and installation changes. Agent upgrades	5.1 SP2	2010	2016-12	2018-12
5.0	Production	Cluster Management Console	5.0.1	2006	2014-08	2017-07
4.0	Desupported	(4.1 2005-03): Security, NFS lock failover	4.1	2004-01	2012-06	2013-08
3.x	Desupported		3.5

Veritas developed also VxFS, VxVM and the Veritas Storage Foundation product package. In 2005 Veritas and Symantec merged.

Pacemaker

Pacemaker is The Open Source cluster resource manager.
Pacemaker can be used with Corosync, Heartbeat, and CMAN.

(Sources: Pacemaker ReleaseMatrix )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2.1	Production		2.1.4	2021-06	2022-06
2.0	Deprecated		2.0.5	2018-07	2020-12
1.1	Deprecated	Corosync 2.x support. (1.1.15 2016-06): better integration with CMAN	1.1.23	2010-01	2019-06
1.0	Deprecated		1.0.13	2008-10	2013-02
0.7	Deprecated		0.7.3	2008-06	2008-09
0.6	Deprecated		0.6.7	2008-01	2008-12
0.0	Deprecated	Developed by Red Hat and Suse with a considerable support from the community		2004

Corosync

Corosync is an Open Source Cluster Engine. Corosync provides reliable communication between nodes to communicate as a cluster.

(Sources: Corosync Releases )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
3	Production	Camelback branch.	3.1.6	2012-04	2021-08
2	Production	Needle branch. (2.4.0 2016-06): Qdevice	2.4.5	2012-04	2019-07
1	Archived	Flatiron branch.	1.4.10	2008-10	2018-12

HAProxy

HAProxy is a well known and fast software reverse proxy by Willy Tarreau.

(Sources: Official Site)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Date (to)
3.0	Production LTS	Focus on reliability and robustness	3.1.2	2024-05	2025-01	2029-06
2.9	Production	Reverse-http, log server health checking, thread scalability	2.9.9	2023-12	2024-06	2025-03
2.8	Production LTS	Full-Lua mailers, HTTP/2 is advertised by default, SSL improvements	2.8.10	2023-05	2024-06	2028-06
2.7	Unmaintained	Traffic shaping, QUIC improvements, switch to alternate SSL libraries	2.7.12	2022-12	2024-04	2024-03
2.6	Production LTS	QUIC HTTP/3 protocol	2.6.18	2022-05	2024-06	2027-03
2.5	Unmaintained		2.5.14	2021-11	2023-05	2023-03
2.4	Critical Fixes		2.4.27	2021-05	2024-06	2026-06
2.3	Unmaintained		2.3.21	2020-11	2022-04	2022-03
2.2	Critical Fixes	Runtime certificate and crtlist management, dynamic error pages, logging over TCP, optimization for lower latency. LTS.	2.2.33	2020-07	2024-04	2025-06
2.1	Unmaintained		2.1.12	2019-11	2020-11	2021-03
2.0	Unmaintained	LTS.	2.0.35	2019-06	2024-04	2024-04
1.9	Unmaintained		1.9.16	2017-11	2020-07	2020-06
1.8	Unmaintained	Multi-threading, HTTP/2, cache, on-the fly server addition/removal, seamless reloads, DNS SRV, hardware SSL engines, ...	1.8.31	2017-11	2022-12	2022-12
1.7	Unmaintained	Added server hot reconfiguration, content processing agents, multi-type certs, ...	1.7.14	2016-11	2019-10	2021-12
1.6	Unmaintained	Added DNS resolution support, HTTP connection multiplexing, full stick-table replication, stateless compression, desupport for long deprecated keywords, ...	1.6.16	2015-10	2019-10	2020-12
1.5	Unmaintained	Added SSL, IPv6, keep-alive, DDoS protection, HTTP/1.1 compression, ...	1.5.19	2014-06	2016-12	2016-12
1.4	Unmaintained	Client-side keep-alive, source-based stickiness, support for HTTP authentication, server management from the CLI ...	1.4.27	2010-05	2016-03
1.3	Unmaintained	Content switching, more load-balancing algorithms, transparent proxy, ...	1.3.28	2006-06	2016-03
1.2	Unmaintained	Performance improvements	1.2.18	2003-11	2008-05
1.1	Unmaintained	Very stable	1.1.34	2002-03	2006-01
1.0	Unmaintained	First version	1.0.2	2001-12	2001-12

ProxySQL

ProxySQL is a fast and powerfull proxy for MySQL by Rene Cannao.

(Sources: Official Site GitHub)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)
3	Alfa	PostgreSQL support.	3.0.0	2024-10	2024-10
2	Production	Native Galera support, SSL support, check_type for hostgroups, more statistics (eg. stats.mysql_errors), faster fast_forward, ... (2.0.7): native support for AWS Aurora. (2.0.9): whitelist firewall. (2.1 2021-01): Prometheus exporter, support for Galera wsrep_sst_donor_rejects_queries. (2.2 2021-06): query annotations for prepared statements. (2.3 2021-09): runtime reload of TLS files. (2.4 2022-05): improvements in query parsing and for ProxySQL Cluster. (2.5 2023-02): mysql_hostgroup_attributes, native Group Replication monitoring support for MySQL 8.0. (2.6 2024-03): initial support for caching_sha2_password, new web interface, support for warnings. (2.7 2024-09): PROXY Protocol V1 support.	2.7.1	2019-01	2024-09
1	Old	High performance, high availability, protocol aware proxy for MySQL and its forks. (1.2): scheduler. (1.3 2016-10): several performance improvements, support for millions of connections. (1.4.1 2017-08): Native Support for MySQL Group Replication mysql_group_replication_hostgroups, more complex routing. (1.4.2 2017-09): Initial ProxySQL Cluster support. (1.4.3 2017-09): ClickHouse support, SQLite3 internal server. (1.4.4): HTTP server for statistics. (1.4.7 2018-03): mysql_query_rules_fast_routing.	1.4.16	2015-12	2020-01

PgBouncer

PgBouncer is lightweight connection pooler for PostgreSQL.

(Sources: Official Site Changelog GitHub )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
1	Production	(1.6 2015-08): load user password from PostgreSQL, pooling mode per-database and per-user	1.24.0	2007-03	2025-01
0	EOF		0

Pgpool-II

Pgpool-II is a powerful proxy and connection pooler for PostgreSQL.

(Sources: Downloads History Version EOF )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
4	Production	(4.1 2019-10). (4.2 2020-11). (4.3 2021-12). (4.4 2022-12). (4.5 2023-12).	4.5.3	2018-10	2028-12
3	Production	(3.2): watchdog. (3.5): watchdog quorum, external mode. (3.7 2017-11): quorum failover	3.7.25	2016-07	2022-12
2	EOF		2
1	EOF	Public project renamed as pgpool-II. More than two server support, parallel query mode, PCP commands.	1	2006
pgpool 2.0	EOF	Load balancing, PG protocol 3 support. (2005): automated fail over, master slave mode.	2	2004
pgpool 1.0	EOF	Native replication (SQL statement based replication).	1	2004
pgpool	EOF	Personal project by Tatsuo Ishii for connection pooling.	0	2003

Cloud computing

Distribuited architectures and virtual enviroments are not new (eg. OSs; Physical/Logical Partitioning, Workload Manager, Terminal Server, Client/Server, ...; Tarantella, Citrix, ...; Cygwin, Wine, ...; ...) they were available since the beginning of IT.
But now Public or Private Clouds can handle complex services:

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon (Simple Storage Service) S3, Rackspace Cloud, Eucaliptus, OpenNebula, Reservoir...
PaaS (Platform as a Service): Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon Relational Database Services (RDS), Google App Engine, Azure, Rackspace Cloud, Citrix, ...
AaaS (Application as a Service): Google Apps, Salesforce.com, Fedena, ...

For innovation, completeness and time to market Amazon Web Services (AWS) and their APIs are THE reference in Cloud Computing.

On-premise deployment opens the possibility to hybrid cloud... In the following we list some of the IaaS solutions that can be deployed On-Premise: vSphere, XenServer / XCP; OpenStack, CloudStack, OpenNebula, Eucaliptus.

vSphere

Initialy called VMware Infrastructure 4 (VI 4), vSphere manage VMware ESX/ESXi with many Internet and Cloud features.
vSphere 5 is very comprehensive and widely used.

(Source: Official Site)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
5	Stable	vShield 5, Recovery Manager 5, vCloud Director 1.5 5 Update 1 (2012-03): guest customization for new OS (eg. Windows 8, Ubuntu 11.10, ...)	5.5 upd 3e	2011-8
4	Stable	Many Internet and cloud features, very stable (Update1 2009-11): Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 support (4.1 2010-08): parallel vmotion (4.1 Update1): RHEL 6, RHEL 5.6, Ubuntu 10.10, ... support	4.1 upd 1	2009-5

The cloud architecture is managed by vCloud Director and can be programmed by vCloud REST API.

(Source: Official Site)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
5.5			5.5.6.1	2013-9
1.5			1.5	2011-9
1.0			1.0.1	2010-8
0.9			0.9	2010-4

Xen Cloud Platform / XenServer

XCP stands for Xen Cloud Platform.
XCP and XenServer were closely related and now they are the same product mantained by Citrix.

(Sources: XCP XenServer Xen Wikipedia)

XCP Version	XenServer	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
	7.2	Production	Desupport: Windows Vista, XP, 2003, CentOS 4.x, RHEL 4.x, SLES 10	7.2.0	2015-05	2018-03
	7.1	Production	Xen 4.7.1. LTRS (Long Term Service Release).	7.1.0	2017-02	2022-08 2027-08 EOES	Suggested
	7.0	Production	Xen 4.6.1.	7.0.0	2016-05	2021-05
	6.5	Production	Xen 4.4.1.	6.5 SP1	2015-01	2018-06
6.2	6.2	Production	XCP merged with the product XenServer. Monitoring pack integrated. Xen 4.1.5. Limit for VM: 16 vCPU, 7 VDI, 7 vNIC, 128GB RAM, 2TB LVM, 2TB NFS. Limit for Host: 160 CPU, 12000 vCPU, 650 concurrent VMs, 1TB RAM.	6.2 SP1	2013-06	2018-06
1.6	6.1	Beta2	Xen 4.1.2, Storage XenMotion, performance and scalability enhancements, IPv6	1.6	2012-10
1.5	6.0	Beta4	Xen 4.1, vSwitch as default stack; AP NIC bonding on vSwitch; Ubuntu guest, SLES 10 SP4 support. Will remain Beta	1.5	2012-02
1.1	5.6 FP2	Production	Many fixes; IntelliCache; support for RHEL6; reset-on-boot disks; full SCSI support	1.1	2011-07
1.0	5.6 SP1	Production		1.1	2011-02
0.5	5.6	Prod		0.5	2010-07

OpenStack

OpenStack is an Open Source Project launched in 2010 by Rackspace and NASA to provide IaaS software.
Many important companies have joined the OpenStack project since then.
OpenStack modular architecture has several components: Nova (computing), Swift (Object Storage), ...
OpenStack fully supports XenSever and KVM while there is a limited support for VMware and Hyper-V.

(Sources: Official site Releases Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
Dalmatian	Future		2024-10
Caracal	Dev	Skip Level Upgrade Release Process (SLURP) release	2024-04
Bobcat	Mantained		2023-10
Antelope	Mantained	Skip Level Upgrade Release Process (SLURP) release	2023-03
Zed	Mantained	Added components: Skyline-apiserver, Skyline-console, Venus	2022-10
Yoga	Unmantained		2022-03
Xena	Unmantained		2021-10
Wallaby	Unmantained		2021-04
Victoria	Unmantained	Added components: Aodh	2020-10
Ussuri	EOL	Added components: Adjutant	2020-05	2024-02
Train	EOL		2019-10	2024-02
Stein	EOL	Added components: freezer, monasca-events-api, placement, searchlight	2019-04	2024-01
Rocky	EOL	Added components: Cyborg, ec2-api, Masakari, Qinling	2018-08	2023-08
Queens	EOL	Added components: blazar, ceilometer-powervm, karbor, octavia, storlets, tricircle, zun	2018-02	2023-01
Pike	EOL	Add storage to an existing Cinder volume without shutdown, Ironic and Neutron Integration, Live VM Migration.	2017-08	2022-10
Ocata	EOL	Stability, scalability, and performance of the core compute and networking services.	2017-02	2021-06
Newton	EOL	Focused on high availability, self-healing, and versatility for both bare metal, virtualization and containers. Internal component Kolla (containers for internal services). Added components: aodh, cloudkitty, congress, freezer, mistral, monasca-api, monasca-log-api, murano, panko, senlin, solum, tacker, vitrage, Watcher	2016-10	2017-10
Mitaka	EOL	Added components: Magnum (Containers)	2016-04	2017-04
Liberty	EOL	Added components: Zaqar (Messaging), Manila (Shared FS), Designate (DNS), Barbican (Key Manager), Searchlight	2015-10	2016-11
Kilo	EOL	Added components: Ironic (Bare Metal)	2015-04	2016-05
Juno	EOL	Added components: Sahara (Data Processing)	2014-10	2015-12
Icehouse	EOL	Added components: Trove (Database)	2014-04	2015-07
Havana	EOL	Added components: Heat (Orchestration), Ceilometer (Telemetry). Quantum component has been renamed as Neutron.	2013-10	2014-09
Grizzly	EOL		2013-04	2014-03
Folsom	EOL	Added components: Quantum (Networking), Cinder (Block Storage)	2012-09	2013-11
Essex	EOL	Added components: Horizon (Dashboard), Keystone (Identity Service)	2012-04	2013-05
Diablo	EOL		2011-09	2013-05
Cactus	EOL		2011-04
Bexar	EOL	Added components: Glance (Image Service)	2011-02
Austin	EOL	Based on NASA's Nebula and Rackspace Cloud File Platform. Availabile components: Nova (Computing), Swift (Object Storage)	2010-10

CloudStack

CloudStack was initially developed as proprietary software by Cloud.com.
The software become Open Source in several steps, released under GNU by Cloud.com,
then Citrix acquired Cloud.com and donated CloudStack to Apache, and now it is a project by Apache SF.
CloudStack has a broad support for Hypervisors: XenServer, VMware, KVM, Hyper-V, Oracle-VM, ... bare metal!

(Sources: Official site Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
4.0	Stable	By Apache Software Foundation (4.2): convergence with Citrix CloudPlatform.	4.17.0.1	2012-11		Current LTS
3.0	Stable	Swift (S3 like)		2012-02
2.0	Stable		2.2.14
1.0	Stable

OpenNebula

OpenNebula is a toolkit to manage IaaS supporting different technologies.

(Sources: Official site Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
6.0	Production		6.4.1		2021-11
5.0	Production		5.12.0.4	2016-06	2019-07
4.0	Production		4.14.2	2013-05	2015-11
3.0	Production		3.8.5	2011-10	2013-10
2.0	Production		2.2.1	2010-10	2011-06
1.0	Production		1.4	2008-07	2009-12

Eucaliptus

Eucaliptus is an cloud environment that can manage Xen, KVM and VMware
virtual resources to build an IaaS. The interface is 100% AWS compatible.
Eucaliptus is Open Source but they also offer a paided subscription for support.

(Sources: Official site Compatibility Matrix Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
4.0	Stable		4.4.5	2014-08	2018-12
3.0	Stable		3.4.2	2012-02
2.0	Stable		2.0	2010-08
1.6	Stable	Multiple clusters support, components (cloud, walrus, nc, cc) can be installed on different machines. (1.6.2 2010-02): better scalability, S3 server logging API (beta), Windows Brocker (beta). Available in Debian.	1.6.2	2009-11
1.0	Old	(1.1): URL query interface, network control configuration, in memory DB (1.2): RPM, image caching (1.3): EC2 support (1.4): Walrus (Amazon S3 compatible) (1.5.1): Elastic Block Store (EBS), Available in Ubuntu (1.5.2): pre-packaged images	1.0	2008-05	2009-07

Browsers


Browsers allow the navigation of the World Wide Web. Enjoy!

(Sources: StatCounter Browser StatCounter Mobile )

Browsers' versions always change... please do not put Your blame on me if the following tables are not updated!

Firefox (Mozilla)
(Sources: Mozilla Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
	Future	Development channels: Beta, Aurora, Nightly
11.+	Production	Page Inspector, Add-on Sync; Better HTML5 support (muted and loop attribute for audio and video); (12.0 2012-04): line numbers in page source (13.0 2012-06): feature full Page Inspector, most visited site on new tab opening, SPDY protocol (13.0.1 2012-06): Many fixes (14.0 2012-07): URL auto-completion, stability fixes (15.0 2012-08): Silent update, debugger, SPDY (16.0 2012-10): Web Apps (basic support), HTML5 (unprefixed CSS Animations, TAG meter, ...) (29.0 2014-05): New menu (45.0 2016-03): ESR (52.0 2017-03): Removed support for Netscape Plugin API (NPAPI): Java, Silverlight, and Acrobat are no longer supported. ESR (57.0 2017-11): Quantum. Fast! (60.0 2018-03): ESR	124.0.1	2013-10	2024-03
> 4.0	Production	Rapid release like Chrome! (5.0 2011-06) HTML5, CSS, security, WebGL, ... (6.0 2011-08): domain highlight, scratchpad, ... (7.0 2011-09): MemShink, no http:// in URL, ... (9.0 2011-12): many bug fixes, ... (10.0 2012-01): ESR, HTML5 full video API, style inspector, ...	10.0.1	2011-06
4.0	Production	Gecko 2.0 Engine (HTML5, CSS3, WebM, WebGL); Enhanchements: Speed, Account Manager and Security, New interface, Sync; Acid3 97/100	4.0.1	2011-03
3.6	Production	Skins (Personas)	3.6.26	2010-01
3.5	Production	HTML 5 (audio, video tag), better performances: TraceMonkey (JavaScript), native JSON, ...	3.5.19	2009-06
3.0	Production	New download Manager, ACID2	3.0.14	2008-06
2	Production	Spell check, anti-phishing	2.0	2006-10
1.0	Production	Tabs	1.5	2004

Since Firefox 10 has also an Extended Support Release (ESR) with freezed functionalies. A Firefox ESR lasts for 54 weeks. Latest releases: Firefox 10 ESR, .., Firefox 45 ESR, Firefox 52 ESR, Firefox 60.5.0 ESR, ... Firefox 102.11.0 (Sources: Firefox ESR FAQ Download Calendar).

Tor Browser is based on ESR Firefox releases; Tor (The Onion Router) provides anonymous communication through tunnels between thousand of relays. Latest browser version is 10.0.2 (2020-10 based on Mozilla Firefox 78.4.0esr).

IE: Internet Explorer (Microsoft)
(Sources: Wikipedia Windows Blogs )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
11.0	Production	Many HTML5 features. Fast.	11.0.220	2013-10	2022-06	Windows 8.1
10.0	Production	Better standard support: HTML5 Drag&Drop, CSS3 gradients. Vista not supported	10.0.9200.16521	2012-10		Windows 2012 Server, Windows 8
9.0	Production	Standard compliance: CSS 3, Acid3 95/100... Faster JScript Engine (Chakra); Pinned Site, secure download; (2011-09) Acid3 100/100. XP not supported	9.0.26	2011-03
8.0	Production	Some web standard compliance (ACID2), at least!	8.0.7601.17514	2009		Windows 7
7.0	Production	Tabs, anti-phishing,PNG alpha	7.0.6002.18005	2006		Windows Vista
6.0	Production	W3C compliance; (SV1): Popup blocker	6.0 SV3	2001		Windows XP; (SV1): Windows Server 2003
5.0	Production	XML/XSL, favicons	5.5	1999		Windows 2000
4.0	Production	MS-DOM	4.01 SP2	1997		Windows 98
3.0	Production	VBScript, JScript, CSS, Java	3.03	1996
2.0	Production	SSL, cookies	2.01	1995		Windows NT 4.0
1.0	Production		1.5	1995		Windows95 Plus!

Microsoft Edge (Microsoft)
(Sources: Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
79.+	Production	New Edge "Anaheim" is based on the Chromium source code using Blink engine instead of EdgeHTML. Support for Windows 7, 8, and 8.1, Windows Server 2008 R2, 2012, 2012 R2, 2016, and 2019, and macOS.	122.0.2365	2020-01	2024-02
40	Production	Advanced Tab Management, support for: CSS Custom Properties, EPUB file format, WebRTC 1.0, ...	44.19041	2017-04	2020-05
38	Production	Default browser for Windows 10. based on EdgeHTML has a good support for HTML5. Dropped support for ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects	38.14393	2016-08		Windows 10
25	Production		25.10586	2015-11		Xbox One
20	Production	Initial release with engine EdgeHTML rendering engine. Edge does not support NPAPI (mainly for security reasons).	20.10240	2015-07

Chrome (Google)
(Sources: Google Chrome Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
40.+	Production	(45 2015-09): Removed support for NPAPI	123.0.6312.87	2015-07	2024-03
36.0	Production		3.26.31.8	2014-07
32.0	Beta	WebApps Home support on Android, Vibration API	31-0-165
31.0	Production	Web payments, Portable Native Client, security fixes	31-0-165	2013-11
25.0	Production	Desktop and Android versions are aligned
24.0	Production
23.0	Production
22.0	Production		22.0.1229.94	2012-10
21.0	Production		21.0.1180.79	2012-08
17.0	Production		17.0.963	2012-03
13.0	Production		13.0.782	2011-08
12.0	Production	3D hw acceleration. Better security	12.0.742	2011-07
11.0	Production	HTML5 Speech. New Icon	11.0.696	2011-04
10.0	Production	Faster JS	10.0.648	2011-03
9.0	Production	WebGL by default	9.0.597	2011-02
8.0	Production	Chrome Instant, Cloud Printing	8.0.558	2010-12
7.0	Production	WebGL, HTML5 pgm. interface, late binding for SSL	7.0.517.41	2010-10
6.0	Production	New UI; native pdf; (63) Skins	6.0.472.63	2010-08
5.0	Production	Performance: JavaScript; native Flash Player	5.0.375	2010-07
4.0	Production	ACID3 100/100	4.1.249	2010-01
3.0	Production		3.0.195	2009-10
2.0	Production	Faster	2.0.172	2009-05
1.0	Production	Fast, stable, ACID1&ACID2 100/100 Rapid Release (changes without user intervention) since the first release	1.0	2008-12

Safari (Apple)
(Source: Apple site Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
18.0	Production		18.3	2024-09	2025-01
17.0	Production		17.4.1	2023-09	2024-03
16.0	Production		16.6.1	2022-09	2023-08
15.0	Production		15.6.1	2021-09	2022-08
14.0	Production		14.1.2	2020-09	2021-07
13.0	Production		13.1.2	2019-09	2020-07
12.0	Production	Removed support for NPAPI except Adobe Flash	12.1.2	2018-09	2019-07
11.0	Production		11.1.2	2017-09	2018-07
10.0	Production		10.1.2	2016-09	2017-07
9.0	Production		9.1.3	2015-09	2016-09
8.0	Production		8.0.8	2014-10	2015-08
7.0	Production		7.1.8	2013-10	2015-08
6.0	Production		6.2.8	2012-07	2015-08
5.0	Production	Extentions; HTML5 features, faster Javascript. (5.1) Reading list, better privacy, resume facility	5.1.10	2010-06	2013-09
4.0	Production	ACID3	4.1.3	2009-06	2010-11
3.0	Production	MAC OS X, MS Windows	3.2.3	2007-10	2009-05
2.0	Production	ACID2	2.0.4	2005-04	2006-01
1.0	Production	MAC OS X 10.2, MAC OS X 10.3	1.3.2	2003-01	2006-01

Opera (Opera)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
10	Production	ACID3, Turbo (by compression), Visual tabs, web integration (mail, RSS, ...), spell checking, ...	10.00	2009
9	Production	Fast! ACID2	9.64	2006		Also on Nintendo DSi, Wii (as Internet Channel)
4.0	Production	Multiplatform		2000
2.0	Production			1996
1				1994

Lynx (Open Source)
(Sources: Last Stable)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2	Production	Developed at The University of Kansas. Small, fast, fully featured command line text browser. Developlment is still active!	2.9.2	1992	2024-05

Upgrade: my Lynx scripts are still working after 20 years without any difference...

Tor (Free Software)
(Sources: Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2	Production	Based on Firefox (7.5 2018-02): based on Firefox ESR 52.6.0. (8.0 2019-01): Firefox ESR 60.5.0. (12.5.2): Firefox ESR 102.14.0. (13.0.1): Firefox ESR 115.4.0. (13.0.13): Firefox 115.9.1esr.	13.0.13		2024-03
	Production	Tor project network	0.3.1.7	2002-09	2017-09

Tor (The Onion Router) Browser uses the TOR network

to allow secure and anonymous browsing preserving users' privacy.

Other browsers: WorldWideWeb (1990) ➡️ Nexus, Mosaic (1993) ➡️ Netscape Navigator (1994) ➡️ Mozilla, Chromium ➡️ Brave, ...

Last but not least: wget (1996, ... 2024-11, 1.24.5), curl (1998, ... 2025-02, 8.12.1).

Web Servers

The first httpd server was the CERN httpd (1990), the NCSA httpd was the following and, since 1996, Apache HTTPD is the most widespread web server although others are gaining popularity recently.

Apache HTTPD

Apache is the most widely used web server and... it's free software!
Many commercial products (eg. Oracle AS, IBM WebSphere) use Apache too.

(Source: Download Documentation SVN Archives Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2.4	Production	MPM support, per-module and per-directory LogLevel configuration, AllowOverrideList, better memory management	2.4.62	2012-02	2024-07	Suggested
2.3	Dev	Apache uses the odd releases (eg. 2.1, 2.3) as development...	2.3.16	2010-08	2011-12
2.2	Production	New cache and proxy modules. Very stable and widely used	2.2.34	2006-07	2017-07	Legacy
2	Production	Unix threads, IPv6, new API, improved support for non-Unix OS	2.0.65	2002-04	2013-07
1	Production	Powerfull web server based on NCSA httpd (0.6.2 1995-04). (0.8.8) new engine. Many modules (Perl, Python, PHP, rewrite engine, access, ...)	1.3.42	1995-12	2010-02

The Apache license is very open. Many proprietary HTTP Servers contain an embedded Apache HTTPD Web Server.

NGINX

NGINX is a fast, small footprint, Open Source web server widely used as a reverse proxy and load balancer too.
NGINX company was founded on 2011 to provide Nginx support and Nginx Plus. F5 Networks acquired the company on 2019-03.

(Sources: Official site Github Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
1	Production	Very fast and efficient since the beginning; it uses an asynchronous event-driven approach (instead threads like in Apache). (1.9.11 2016-02): dynamic module loading.	1.25.3	2004-10	2023-10

OpenResty

OpenResty is an open source platform based on NGINX and LuaJIT for building scalable, high-performance web applications and services.

(Sources: Official site Github Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
1	Production	Based on NGINX uses an event-driven approach also with remote resources, such as databases.	1.21.4.3	2011-06	2023-11

LiteSpeed

LiteSpeed Web Server is proprietary web server with an event driven architecture.
LiteSpeed gives high-performance and great scalability for high-traffic websites. LSWS uses Apache configuration files.
OpenLiteSpeed is the Open Source version available since 2013-05.

(Sources: Offical site Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2+	Production	(2007-03): 3.0. (2009-03): 4.0. (2015-04): 5.0. (2021-03): 6.0.	6.2	2005-03	2023-06
1	Production		1.5.x	2003-07	2004-06

IIS

IIS is an other important Web Server but it's described later. Latest version is 10.

Application Servers

Tomcat

Apache Tomcat is a free, powerful Servlet/JSP engine.

(Sources: Apache Tomcat Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
10.1	Production	Servlet 6.0, JSP 3.1, EL 5.0, WebSocket 2.1, Authentication 3.0; Java 11 and later	10.1.0-M18 (beta)	2022-02
10	Production	Servlet 5.0, JSP 3.0, EL 4.0, WebSocket 2.0, Authentication 2.0; Java 8 and later	10.0.22	2021-02
9	Production	Servlet 4.0, JSP 2.3, EL 3.0, WebSocket 1.1; Java 8 and later	9.0.64	2018-01
8	Production	Servlet 3.1, JSP 2.3, EL 3.0, WebSocket 1.1; Java 7 and later (8.5 2016-06): backported from Tomcat 9; support for: HTTP/2, OpenSSL for JSSE	8.0.53 8.5.81	2014-06 2016-06	2018-06
7	Production	Servlet 3.0, JSP 2.2, EL 2.2, WebSocket 1.1; Java 6 and later	7.0.109	2011-01	2021-03
6	Archived	Servlet 2.5, JSP 2.1; JDK 1.5; Java 5 and later	6.0.53	2006-12	2016-12
5.5	Archived	Performance optimizations	5.5.36	2004-08	2012-10
5.0	Archived	Servlet 2.4, JSP 2.0; Deployment and management (JMX) enhachements; JDK 1.4	5.0.30	2002	2004-08
4	Archived	Servlet 2.3, JSP 1.2, Catalina (container), Jasper (compiler); JDK 1.3; (4.1): Coyote connector	4.1.40	2001	2009-06
3	Archived	Servlet 2.2, JSP 1.1; JDK 1.1	3.3.2	1999	2004-03
2	Archived	Servlet reference implementation		1998

JBoss

JBoss (now WildFly) is a free, powerful, pure java 100% EJB Container.
JBoss platforms contain an embedded Apache Tomcat Server.

The following table refers to the JBoss community version who merged into the RH product and had a fork with a new name: WildFly
(Source: WildFly WildFly download page Wikipedia Old JBoss AS download page )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
WildFly		(8 2014-10) up to 8.2.11. (9 2015-07) up to 9.0.2. (10 2016-02). (11 2017-10)... (14 2018-08)... (24 2021-07).	26.1.1	2014-10	2022-01
EAP 6.3		Built from AS 7.4	6.3.0	2014-08
EAP 6.2		Built from AS 7.3	6.2.0	2013-12
EAP 6.1		Built from AS 7.2	6.1.0	2013-05
7.1		Java EE 6 (Full Profile)	7.1.1	2012-02
7.0		Smaller and faster startup than 6.0. JMS resources (eg. datasources) can not be defined in .ear .war.	7.0.2	2011-07
6.0		Java EE 6 (Web Profile)	6.1.0	2010-12
5.0		Java EE 5 (partial), new architecture: JBoss Microcontainer; (5.1) Java EE 5 (certified), Web Console, Web Beans Update, Farming Service (the return)	5.0.1 / 5.1.0	2008-12
4.0		J2EE 1.4	4.0.5 / 4.2.3	2004-09
3.0			3.0.8 3.2.8.SP1	2002-05

On April 2006 JBoss had been acquired by Red Had. The following table refers to the JBoss Enterprise Application Platform (JBoss EAP) with precisely defined Support Policies and Supported Configurations (eg. EAP 6) by Red Hat.

(Sources: Red Hat Support)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
7.x	Production		7.4 upd. 05	2016-05	2020-05 (MS 2023)	Suggested
6.4	Production		6.4 upd. 16	2015-04	2016-06 (MS 2019)	Suggested
6.3	Production		6.3 upd. 03	2014-08	(Last 2015-01)
6.2	Production		6.2.4	2013-12	(Last 2014-06)
6.1	Production		6.1.1	2013-05	(Last 2013-09)
6.0	Production	Based on JBoss AS 7.1.2. J2EE 6. Modular classloading, managed domains, Management API (REST+JSON), fast start/restart Test integration with: Oracle 11g R1/R2 Standalone/RAC, 10g R2 Standalone; MySQL 5.1, 5.5; PostgreSQL 8.4, 9.1; DB2 9.7; ...	6.0.1	2012-06	(Last 2012-12)
5.0	Production	JDK 1.6, J2EE 5 (Java Servlet 2.5, JSP 2.1, JSF 1.2, EJB 2.1/3.0, ...), SOAP 2.1, WSDL 1.1/2.0, JDBC 3.0; (5.1): J2EE 6 Certified with: Oracle 11g R1/R2 Standalone/RAC, 10g R2 Standalone; MySQL 5.0, 5.1; PostgreSQL 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1; PostgreSQL Plus AS 9.0; DB2 9.7; ...	5.0.1 5.1.2 5.2.0	2009-11	2013-11 (MS 2016)
4.3 CP10	Production	JDK 1.5/1.6 Certified with: Oracle 11g R2 Standalone/RAC, 10g R2 Standalone; MySQL 5.0, 5.1; PostgreSQL 8.2, 8.3, 8.4; DB2 9.1, 9.7; ...	4.3	2008-01	2011-01 (MS 2013)
4.2	Production	JDK 1.5	4.2 CP09	2007-06	2010-06 (MS 2012)
4	Unsupported	J2EE 1.4, EJB 3.0, clustering, failover, distributed deployment, distributed cache	4.0.4	2004-09	2007-10 (MS 2009)

Websphere Application Server

WebSphere is a large IBM web product family.
WebSphere Application Server is the... Application Server!

(Sources: Wiki IBM)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
9.0	Production	JSE 8, JEE 7.	9.0.0.4	2016-06
8.5	Production	JSE 6 and 7; Java EE 6. (8.5.5 on 2012-06): JSE 8	8.5.0.2 8.5.5.12	2012-06 2013-06
8	Production	JSE 6, Java EE 6, Servlet 3.0, JSP 2.2, EJB 3.1, JDBC 4.0	8.0.0.13	2011-06	2018-04
7	Production	Java EE 5, Servlet 2.5, JSP 2.1, EJB 3.0, JDBC 4.0	7.0.0.43	2008-09	2018-04
6	Production	J2EE 1.4, Community Edition; (6.1): JDK 1.5 JSR 168 Portlets	6.0.2.43 6.1.0.47	2004-12 2006-06	2010-09 2013-09
5	Unsupported	J2EE 1.3; (5.1): JDK 1.4.2, Jython scripts	5.0.2.18 5.1.1.19	2003-01 2004-01	2006-09 2008-09
4	Unsupported	J2EE 1.2, several Editions	4.0.7	2001-08	2005-04
3	Unsupported	JDK 1.2, J2EE 1.0 (with enhancements)	3.5.7	2000-08	2003-11
2	Unsupported	JavaBean support
1	Unsupported	A simple servlet engine		1998

IBM contributes also to Open Software with Apache Geronimo (1.0 JEE 5, 2.0 JEE 6).

WebLogic

WebLogic is the Oracle (formerly BEA) application server product.
Now it is core component of the Oracle Fusion Middleware.

(Source: Support Policy)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
12c 12.2	Production	See Oracle Fusion Middleware	12.2.1.2	2015-10	2023-12 (2025 ES)
12c	Production	See Oracle Fusion Middleware. Full Java EE 6: Servlet 3.0, JAX-RS 1.1, Java Server Faces 2.1, EJB 3.1	12.1.3	2011-12	2017-12 (2019 ES)
11gR1	Production	Oracle Fusion Middleware WebLogic Server	10.3.6	2009	2014 (2017 ES)
10	Production		10.3	2008	2014 (2017 ES)
9	Production	Stable; (9.2 2006): WebLogic Portal, WebLogic Workshop	9.2.2	2006	2011 (2013 ES)
8.1	Production	JDK 1.4	8.1.6 SP6	2003	2009 (2011 ES)
7.0	Production	JDK 1.3	SP7	2002	2009 (2011 ES)
6	Unsupported		6.1	2001
5	Unsupported	Hot deployment	5.1
4	Unsupported		4.0
3	Unsupported		3.1	1998

BEA acquired WebLogic on 1998. Oracle acquired BEA on 2008. The certification matrix can be found here.

IAS: Oracle Internet Application Server

Oracle Application Server again!

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
10.1.4	Production	Portal only WSRP	10.1.4			Suggested
10g R3	Production	J2EE only J2EE 1.4, EJB 3.0, ADF Struts 1.2, SOAP 1.1 and 1.2, Oblix	10.1.3			BAD
10g R2	Production	Very stable release, Forms, Portlets struts, HA migration, larger HW support (eg. AIX)	10.1.2.0.2			Suggested
10g SE	Production	SEO version	10.1.2.0.1
10g R2	Production	Stable release, JDK 1.5, Discoverer integration, farm topology	10.1.2
OAS 10g	Production	Optimized web cache; (9.0.4.1): OPatch	9.0.4.2
9iAS R2	Production	JDK 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 EJB 1.1, OC4J; (9.0.3): EJB 2.0	9.0.3.1
...		see above table

IIS

IIS (Internet Information Server) is a web/application server
by Microsoft and is widely used on Windows OS.

(Sources: MS Support, Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
10	Production	Included in Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10. HTTP/2 support.	10.0 v1809	2016-10
8.5	Production	Included in Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1. Dynamic Site Activation, Enhanced Logging, ...		2013-11	2023-10
8.0	Production	Available only in Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8.		2012-10	2023-10
7.5	Production	Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7		2009-10	2020-01
7.0	Production	Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista		2007-01	2020-01
6.0	Production	Windows Server 2003; XML configuration		2003-05	2015-07
5.1	Production	Windows XP Professional, XP Media Center Ed.; 32/64 bit		2001-12
5.0	Production	Windows 2000		2000-05
4.0	Production	Windows NT 4 Option Pack		1997
3.0	Production	Windows NT 4 Service Pack 3; Active Server Pages (ASP)		1997-03	2000
2.0	Production	Windows NT 4		1996-10	1997
1.0	Production	Windows NT 3.51 add-on		1996-05	1996

Node.js

Node.js is an Open Source environment for executing JavaScript code server-side.
Node.js uses an event-driven architecture for asynchronous I/O serving thousands of requests as a single thread: It's very fast!

(Sources: Releases Release schedule Changelogs)

Version	Status	LTS Nickname	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
v23	Current			23.7.0	2024-10	2025-04
v22	LTS	Jod	ESM graphs, WebSocket client, updates of the V8 JavaScript engine, ... LTS on 2024-10	22.3.0	2024-04	2027-04
v21	EOL		V8 JavaScript engine 11.8, stable fetch and WebStreams, ...	21.7.3	2023-10	2024-11
v20	Maintenance	Iron	New permission model, synchronous import.meta.resolve, stable test_runner, V8 JavaScript engine 11.3, Ada 2.0, ...	20.12.2	2023-04	2026-04
v19	EOL			19.9.0	2022-10	2023-06
v18	Maintenance	Hydrogen	Native Fetch API, watch, V8 Version 10.1	18.20.2	2022-04	2025-04
v17	EOL			17.9.0	2021-10	2022-06
v16	EOL	Gallium	V8 --> 9.1.269.36, Async hooks, DNS ordering	16.20.2	2021-04	2023-09
v15	EOL			15.1.0	2020-10	2021-06
v14	EOL	Fermium	V8.1, Stable Diagnostic Report, experimental: Async Local Storage API, Web Assembly System Interface. LTS.	14.21.2	2020-04	2023-04
v13	EOL			13.14.0	2019-10	2020-06
v12	EOL	Erbium	Import/export support, V8 7.4 engine, private class fileds, TLS 1.3 (TLS 1.0 and 1.1 disabled by default), ...	12.22.12	2019-04	2022-04
v11	EOL			11.15.0	2018-10	2019-06
v10	EOL	Dubnium	(2018-10): LTS	10.23.0	2018-04	2021-04
v9	EOL			9.11.2	2017-05	2018-06
v8	EOL	Carbon	npm 5.0, v8 comp. 5.8 (2017-10): LTS	8.17.0	2017-05	2019-12
v7	EOL			7.10.1	2016-10	2017-06
v6	EOL	Boron	New Buffer constructors, v8 comp. 5.0.	6.14.4	2016-04	2019-04
v5	EOL		npm 3.3, v8 compiler 4.6.85.25	5.12.0	2015-10	2016-06
v4	EOL	Argon	Convergence from io.js 3.3 fork and Node.js.	4.9.1	2015-09	2018-04
v0.12	EOL			0.12.18	2015-02	2016-12
v0.10	EOL			0.10.48	2013-03	2016-10
v0	EOL		Originally written by Ryan Dahl	0.8.28	2009-11	2014-07

Express

Express is a minimalist web framework for Node.js

(Sources: Releases Changelog)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
4	Production	API version 4, app.router(), removed Node 0.8 support	4.18.2	2014-04	2022-10
3	Deprecated	API version 3	3.21.2	2012-10	2015-07
2	Deprecated	HTTPS support	2.5.9	2011-03	2012-04
1	Obsolete	Faster	1.0.8	2010-07	2011-03
0	Obsolete		0.14	2010-01	2010-06

ENSEMBLE

ENSEMBLE is the InterSystems application server product.
It uses the Cache' database and shares the version number since 2008.

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
2008	Prodution	See Cache'		2008		Cache' 2008
2007	Production	X12, SSL; Additions: BPL, DTL, HL7, Utility Functions, Message Management		2007		Cache' 2007
4	Production	Enanchements: BPL, Management Portal		2006		Cache' 5.2.2
3.0	Production	First publicy available release; Monitoring Dashboard, Workflow management; HL7 (3.1)	3.1	2004		Cache' 5.0.5 (5.0.16 for 3.1)
2	Unsupported	Message Engine, BPL, DTL	2.1	2003
1	Unsupported	Application Integration, SQL Gateway, Studio		2002

FORTE'

FORTE' was a successful 4GL development environment and Application Server.
It is not longer supported.

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
5.2	Old	Sun ONE Unified Development Server Support Matrix (5.2.4): Support Matrix	5.2.4	2004	2009
3.5	Old	Acquired by SUN Support Matrix: SQL*Net (Oracle 7, 8 only)	30N0	2000
1	Old			1994

J2EE

J2EE or Java EE is a programming platform for developing
and running multitier architecture Java applications. J2EE includes
several API and features: JDBC, XML, RMI, JNDI, EJB, Servlet, Portlets, JSP, ...
Of course is based on the Java Language and on its development kit (JDK on J2SE).

(Source: Oracle J2EE Wikipedia)

Version	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Certified Application Servers
Jakarta EE 8	Fully compatible with Java EE 8	1.8	2019-08
Java EE 8	Servlet 4.0, JSP 2.3, EJB 3.2, JSF 2.3, JPA 2.2, WebSocket 1.1, JSON-P 1.1	1.8	2017-08	Full Profile: GlassFish 5, WildFly 14, IBM WebSphere Application Server 18.0.0.2, Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2 Web Profile: Full Profile: GlassFish 5, WildFly 14, IBM WebSphere Application Server 18.0.0.2, Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.2
Java EE 7	Servlet 3.1, JSP 2.3, EJB 3.2 lite, JSF 2.2, JPA 2.1, WebSocket 1.0, JSON-P 1.0	1.7	2013-05	Full Profile: GlassFish 4, WildFly 8, Tmax Jeus 8, Oracle Weblogic Server 12.2.1, IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5.5.6 and 9.x, Red Hat JBoss EAP 7.0, Cosminexus: Hitachi Application Server v10.0, InforSuite Application Server Enterprise Edition V10.0, NEC WebOTX Application Server V10.x, Fujitsu Interstage Application Server v12.0 Web Profile: GlassFish 4 Web Profile, WildFly 8 Web Profile, ...
Java EE 6	JSR 316: Servlet 3.0, JSP 2.2, EJB 3.1 lite, JSF 2.0, JPA 2.0, Connector 1.6, Web Beans 1.0, JDBC 4.0	1.6	2009-12	Full Profile: GlassFish 3 (both CE and Oracle), WebLogic 12c, WebSphere AS v8, WebSphere CE v3, Geronimo 3.0, ... Web Profile: JBoss 6.0, JBoss 7.0, TomEE, ...
Java EE 5	JSR 244: EJB 3.0, JAXB 2.0, JavaServer Faces 1.0, JPA (Persistance API) 1.0	1.5	2006-05	GlassFish v2, JBoss 5, JBoss EAP, Apache Geronimo 2, IBM WebSphere AS 7, Oracle WebLogic 10, Oracle OC4J 10, Oracle Application Server 11, ...
J2EE 1.4	JSR 151: JSP 1.3, Servlet 2.4, JAXP 1.2, JDBC 3.0	1.4	2003-11	JBoss 4, Geronimo 1, Oracle OAS 10g, IBM WebSphere AS, BEA WebLogic 9
J2EE 1.3	JSR 58: JAAS, EJB 2.0, Servlets 2.3, JSP 1.2, enhanced XML and WebDAV, JDBC 2.1	1.3	2001-09
J2EE 1.2	EJB 1.1, Servlets 2.2, JSP 1.1, JDBC 2.0	1.2	1999-12
Java	The Java language!	1.0	1996

Java JSE JRE JDK

JSE or JRE are the Java language runtime enviroment while JDK is the Java development kit.
Starting with JDK 11 accessing the long time support Oracle JDK/Java SE will now [2019-01] require a commercial license,
Oracle OpenJDK can be used instead.

(Sources: Oracle Support Wikipedia Java Wikipedia Java versions )

Version	Date (from)	Date (to)	ES (to)	Notes
Java SE 21	2023-09	2028-09	2031-09	LTS
Java SE 18-20	2022-03	2023-09		non-LTS.
Java SE 17	2021-09	2026-09	2029-09	LTS
Java SE 12-16	2019-03	2021-09		non-LTS. 19.3. Unicode 11.0.0.
Java SE 11	2018-09	2023-09	2026-09	18.9 LTS release. Epsilon garbage collectore, HTTP client, Flight recorder. Unicode 10.0.0. Deprecation: Nashorn. Desupport: Applet, Java Web Start
Java SE 10	2018-03	2018-09		18.3 non-LTS. Time-based release versioning, application class-data sharing, root certificates
Java SE 9	2017-09	2018-03		non-LTS. Better multigigabyte support, self-tuning, jshell. Deprecation: Applet
Java SE 8	2014-03	2017-09	2025-03	Lambda expressions (closures), Nashorn (JavaScript rutime), InitialRAMPercentage, MinRAMPercentage, MaxRAMPercentage. End of Public Updates process: 2019-01 (Commercial Users), 2020-12 (Personal Users)
Java SE 7	2011-07	2015-04	2022-07	Autoupdate
Java SE 6	2006-12	2013-04	2018-12	JDBC 4.0, performance
JSE 5.0	2004-09	2009-10	2015-05	Compile-time type safety, enum, better multi-threading
JSE 1.4	2002-02			Assert
JSE 1.3	2000-00			HotSpot JVM, JNDI
JSE 1.2	1998-12			Swing in core classes
JDK 1.1	1997-02			JDBC, RMI, JIT compiler
JDK 1.0	1996-01

OpenJDK
(Sources: OpenJDK JDK Project Wikipedia Java SE Downloads EndOfLife )

Version	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
JDK 23	2024-10		Latest: 23.0.2
JDK 22	2024-03		Latest: 22.0.2
JDK 21	2023-09	2031-09	LTS. Latest: 21.0.6
JDK 20	2023-03	2023-09	Latest: 20.0.2
JDK 19	2022-09	2023-03	Latest: 19.0.2
JDK 18	2022-03	2022-09	Latest: 18.0.2.1
JDK 17	2021-09	2029-09	LTS. Latest: 17.0.9
JDK 16	2021-03
JDK 15	2020-09
JDK 14	2020-03
JDK 13	2019-09
JDK 12	2019-03
JDK 11	2018-09	2032-01	LTS. Latest: 11.0.25
JDK 10	2018-03
JDK 9	2017-09
JDK 8	2014-03	2030-12	LTS. Latest 8u391
JDK 7	2011-07

Java SE 12	2019-03		JSR 386
Java SE 11	2018-09		JSR 384
Java SE 10	2018-03		JSR 383
Java SE 9	2017-09		JSR 379
Java SE 8	2014-03		JSR 337; LTS
Java SE 7	2011-07		OpenJDK 7 is based only on the JDK 7 version of the Java platform. JSR 336

JInitiator

JInitiator or Jinit is the Oracle JSE used for SQL*Forms and in EBS.
Now is desupported (since 2010-01) and Java SE should be used instead.

(Sources: Wikipedia Desupport )

Version	Date (from)	Date (to)	ES (to)	Last	Notes
1.3	2002	2010-01	2013-01	1.3.1.30	Based on JDK 1.3, EBS desupport on 2009-07
1.1	1999	2008-12		1.1.8.27	Based on JDK 1.1

Content management systems (CMS)

Joomla!

Joomla! is a successful Open Source CMS written PHP as a fork of Mambo.
It is very feature rich and can be easly extended with thousands of Extensions (8K).
There are 5 different types of extensions: components, modules, plugins, templates, and languages.

(Source: Joomla! Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
5.1	Production	Dark mode enhancements, SEO optimisation. TUF (The Update Framework)	5.1.1	2024-04	2026-10
5.0	Production	Improved security. Requires MySQL 8.0 and PHP 8.2	5.0	2023-10	2024-04
4.4	Production	Bridge Version between 4.x and 5.x	4.4.4	2023-10	2025-10
4.3	Production	Guided tours	4.3.4	2023-04	2023-10
4.2	Production	Multi-factor authentication	4.2.9	2022-08	2023-04
4.1	Production	Task scheduler; inline help	4.1.5	2022-02	2022-08
4.0	Production	PHP 8 support. Desupport: PHP 5, Microsoft SQL Server	4.0.6	2021-08	2022-02
3.10	Production	Joomla! 4 compatibility layer	3.10.12	2021-08	2023-08
3.9	Production	Privacy Tool Suite (GDPR)	3.9.28	2018-10	2021-08
3.8	Production	New Routing System, PHP 7.2 Encryption Support, faster codebase	3.8.13	2017-09	2018-10
3.7	Production	Custom Fields, Improved Workflow, Multilingual Associations Manager, Backend Menu Manager, improved update system, cache systems and package/extension management, Easier Extension Maintenance, and UX improvements	3.7.5	2017-04	2017-09
3.6	Production	Joomla! Update improvments, new Sub Form Field function, Menu type ACL (3.6.2 2016-08): PHP 5.3 fix	3.6.5	2016-07	2017-04
3.5	Production	PHP7 support, drag&drop images, system info	3.5.1	2016-03	2016-07
3.4	Production	Collapsible Sidebar, reCAPTCHA (3.4.5): security revision	3.4.8	2015-02	2015-12
3.3	Production	Better password hashing, microdata. New versioning (semantic).	3.3.6	2014-04	2014-09
3.2	Production	Content Versioning	3.2.7	2013-09	2014-10
3.1	Production	Content tagging	3.1.6	2013-04	2013-12
3.0	Production	Added PostgreSQL backend	3.0.4	2012-09	2013-05
2.5 (LTS)	Production	Added SQL Server backend	2.5.28	2012-01	2014-12
1.7	Production	Enhanced security and improved migration tools.	1.7.5	2011-07	2012-02
1.6	Production	Ddmin interface improvements	1.6.6	2011-01	2011-08
1.5 (LTS)	EOL	PHP 5	1.5.26	2008-01	2012-09
1.0	EOL	Based on Mambo. MySQL backend, witten with PHP 4	1.0.15	2005-09	2009-07

Joomla!, like many other CMS, is very subject to attacks (eg. SQL injection, session exploit). For this reason is very important to upgrade to the latest version or, at least, to the last patch level of a supported version.
Upgrading Joomla! is generally easy. In 1.5 You have to migrate manually, since 1.6 You can use the One-click upgrade: 1.5 should migrate to 2.5; 1.6, 1.7 should one-click upgrade to 2.5; 2.5, 3.x should one-click upgrade to the latest version;

Drupal

Drupal is a successful Open Source CMS written PHP.
Core functionalities can be extended with thousands of addons (30K) like Modules or Themes.

(Source: Drupal Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
10.3	Production		10.3.0	2024-06	2024-06	Suggested
10.2	Production		10.2.7	2023-12	2024-06
10.1	Production		10.1.8	2023-06	2024-01
10.0	Production		10.0.10	2022-07	2023-04	Supported until 2023-12
9.0	Production	Backward compatibility, faster, improved headless CMS. Deprecation: Panelizer Planned: Symfony 4.0, Twig 2.0	9.5.11	2020-06	2023-09	Supported until 2023-11
8.0	Production	Symfony 3.0 based. Drupal core modules: CKEditor, Multilingual, Views UI, Configuration Manager, Media, ...; Twig theme engine; Security; Breakpoint media queries for responsive design	8.9.20	2015-11	2023-03	EOL 2021-11
7.0	Production	Entities, Overlay Admin Theme, better Database integration, SQLite support. (7.31 2014-08). (7.32 2014-10): important security fix for CVE-2014-3704	7.101	2011-01	2024-06	Supported until 2025-01
6.0	Production	6.33 (2014-08).	6.38	2008-08	2016-02
5.0	Production		5.23	2007-01	2010-08
4.0	Production	4.5 (2004-10). 4.6 (2005-04). 4.7 (2006-05).	4.7.11	2002-06	2008-01
3.0	Production			2001-09
2.0	Production			2001-03
1.0	Production			2001-01

Minor release upgrades are always suggested (eg. Drupal 7 SQL injection fix) while major release updates (eg. v7 to v8) require a big effort but can be delayed. Migration to v9 is now suggested.

WordPress

WordPress is a successful Open Source CMS written PHP.
The interface can be easly modified with Themes and functionalities can be easly extended with Plugins.

(Source: WordPress Releases Wikipedia MySQL Versions PHP Versions Requirements )

Version	Nickname	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
6.5	Regina Carter	Production	Requires MySQL 5.5+	6.5.5	2024-04	2024-06
6.4	Shirley Horn	Production	Supports PHP 8.3	6.4.5	2023-11	2024-06
6.3	Lionel Hampton	Production	Requires PHP 7.0+	6.3.5	2023-08	2024-06
6.2	Eric Dolphy	Production		6.2.6	2023-03	2024-06
6.1	Misha	Production	"Twenty Twenty-Three", supports PHP 8.2	6.1.7	2022-11	2024-06
6.0	Arturo O'Farrill	Production	Gutenberg writing improvements, additional design tools, ...	6.0.9	2022-05	2024-06
5.9	Josephine Baker	Production	New default theme "Twenty Twenty-Two". Supports PHP 8.1	5.9.10	2022-01	2024-06
5.8	Art Tatum	Production		5.8.10	2021-07	2024-06
5.7	Esperanza Spalding	Production		5.7.12	2021-03	2024-06
5.6	Nina Simone	Production	New default theme "Twenty Twenty-One". Supports PHP 8.0	5.6.14	2020-12	2024-06
5.5	Billy Eckstine	Production		5.5.15	2020-08	2024-06
5.4	Nat Adderley	Production		5.4.16	2020-03	2024-06
5.3	Rahsaan Roland Kirk	Production	Block Editor Improvements, PHP 7.4 full support [NdA PHP 7.4 supports MySQL 8.0]	5.3.18	2019-11	2024-06
5.2	Jaco Pastorius	Production	Requires PHP 5.6.20+. "White screen of death" better handling, Site Health enhancements, new Dashboard Icons, plugin compatibility checks	5.2.21	2019-05	2024-06
5.1	Betty Carter	Production	Site Health, cron API	5.1.19	2019-02	2024-06
5.0	Bebo Valdés	Production	Block-based new editor. Supports PHP 7.3	5.0.22	2018-12	2024-06
4.9	Billy Tipton	Production	More developer friendly. Supports PHP 7.2 (4.9.6 2018-05): GDPR fixings	4.9.26	2017-11	2024-06
4.8	Bill Evans	Production	Link boundaries, widget updates	4.8.25	2017-06	2024-06
4.7	Sarah Vaughan	Production	Twenty Seventeen, theme starter, video headers, custom CSS, PDF Preview, WP REST API; supports PHP 7.1	4.7.29	2016-12	2024-06
4.6	Pepper Adams	Production	Native fonts, editor improvements, browser resource hints, faster multisite	4.6.29	2016-08	2024-06
4.5	Coleman Hawkins	Production	Device Previewer	4.5.32	2016-04	2024-06
4.4	Clifford Brown	Production	Twenty Sixteen, Responsive images, supports PHP 7.0	4.4.33	2015-12	2024-06
4.3	Billie Holiday	Production	Menu management, site icons, improved password, editor shortcuts	4.3.34	2015-08	2024-06
4.2	Bud Powell	Production	Better language support, Theme customizer, Plugin Screen	4.2.38	2015-04	2024-06
4.1	Dinah Washington	Production	Twenty Fifteen, supports PHP 5.6	4.1.41	2014-12	2024-06
4.0	Benny Goodman	Production	Localized installation	4.0.38	2014-09	2022-11
3.9	Jimmy Smith	Production	HTML5 markup, image management	3.9.40	2014-04	2022-11
3.8	Charlie Parker	Production	Twenty Fourteen, new admin	3.8.41	2013-12	2022-11
3.7	Count Basie	Production	Automatic background updates, supports PHP 5.5	3.7.41	2013-10	2022-11
3.x	Thelonious Monk, ...	Production	Twenty Ten default theme. (3.2): requires MySQL 5.0.15 or sup., requires PHP 5.2.4+ (3.4): supports PHP 5.4	3.6.1	2010-06	2013-09
2.x	Duke Ellington, ...	Production	Requires MySQL 3.23.23 or sup., requires PHP 4.2+, support up to PHP 5.1- (2.0.5): Ronan Boren (2.1): requires MySQL 4.0 or sup., supports PHP 5.2 (2.5): requires PHP 4.3 or sup. (2.9): requires MySQL 4.1.2 or sup., supports PHP 5.3	2.0.11 2.9.2	2005-12 2009-12	2007-08 2010-02
1.5	Billy Strayhorn	Production		1.5.2	2005-02	2005-08
1.2	Charles Mingus	Production	Since 1.2.2 a database version fingerprint is available	1.2.2	2004-04	2004-03
1	Miles Davis	Production	(1.0.2): Art Blakey	1.0.2	2004-01	2004-03
0		Pre-Production		0.72	2003-05	2003-10

It is always suggested to upgrade to the newest WordPress version. Since 2.7 one-click upgrade is available. Since 3.7 the automatic upgrade of minor and security fixes is available.
It is also important to check themes and plugins compatibility and upgrades.

Moodle

Moodle is a successful e-learning software written PHP.

(Source: Moodle Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
4.4	Production		4.4.1	2024-04	2025-12	Current Stable
4.3	Production		4.3.0	2023-10	2025-04	Current Stable
4.2	Production		4.2.1	2023-04	2024-10	Current Security
4.1	Production	LTS.	4.1.4	2022-11	2025-12	LTS Current Security
4.0	Production		4.0.9	2022-04	2023-12
3.11	Production		3.11.15	2021-05	2023-12
3.10	Production		3.10.11	2020-11	2022-05
3.9	Production	LTS.	3.9.22	2020-06	2023-12	LTS
3.8	Production		3.8.9	2019-11	2021-05
3.7	Production	Requires PHP 7.1 For all: Dynamic Forums, Personalized Messaging, new Classic Theme For teachers: Analytics	3.7.9	2019-05	2020-11
3.6	Production	For all: course overview, new messanging For teachers: group messanging, quiz improvements For admins: privacy enhancements	3.6.10	2018-12	2020-05
3.5	Production	LTS. For all: GDPR. For devel: All plugins must implement Privacy API, Boostrap v.4	3.5.18	2018-05	2021-05	LTS
3.4	Production	For all: Better calendar management, Drag and drop calendar events, Private files storage display, Improved Global search, Easier activity navigation, Moodle from your Mobile! For teachers: More efficient user management, Mark activities as complete, Helpful file type selector, Tag database entries. For admins: Inspire Analytics in core (previously was a plugin), New filters for user tours, HTTPS conversion, OAuth2 services trusted email, Manage all Tokens, Site registration.	3.4.9	2017-11	2019-05
3.3	Production	For all: Better Office integration, Improved dashboard, Font Awesome, Emoji support. For teachers: Set a 'Grade by' reminder, Specify assignment file types, Collapse comments in assignments, Better activity completion management, Drag and drop media, 'Stealth' activities - available but not shown, More tag areas. For admins: OAuth2 authentication, Document file converters, Improved MySQL support (utf8mb4), New "Stealth" mode setting, Learning analytics plugin.	3.3.9	2016-12	2018-11
3.2	Production	For all: User-friendly messaging and alerts, improved Mobile app. For teachers: Better navigation and Easier editing with Boost, Media player improvements, Interactive report charts, Discussion locking, Assignment overrides, Workshop portfolio export, Select for students in Choice, Negative scores for rubrics. For admins: New customisable Boost theme, User tours, Competency frameworks import and export New media player plugins, LTI 2 compliance, Course end dates.	3.2.9	2016-12	2018-05
3.1	Production	LTS. For all: Bulk download files in a zipped folder, Search everywhere, Message others more efficiently, Easily link to forum posts. For teachers: Competencies, Assignment grading, Download selected assignments, Easily restore deleted content, Pinned forum discussions, Workshop enhancements, Share activities on your site, Tag course activities, Easier section editing, Search metalinked courses. For admins: Competency frameworks, Learning plan templates, Global search Assignment file conversion, Search the file system repository, Lesson default settings, Tagging enhancements.	3.1.18	2016-05	2019-05	LTS
3.0	Production		3.0.10	2015-11	2017-05
2.9	Production		2.9.9	2015-05	2016-11
2.8	Production		2.8.12	2014-11	2016-05
2.7	Production	LTS.	2.7.20	2014-05	2017-05	LTS
2.6	Production		2.6.11	2013-11	2015-05
2.5	Production		2.5.9	2013-05	2014-11
2	EOL		2.0.10 2.4.11	2010-11 2012-12	2012-06 2014-06
1.0	EOL		1.0.9 1.9.19	2002-08 2008-03	2003-05 2013-12

Magento

Magento is the most famous ecommerce software. It's written in PHP with the Zend framework.
Magento Inc. has been acquired by Adobe on 2018-05. Magento Enterprise Edition is now called Adobe Commerce
and is available both as a Cloud Service and on-premises.

(Source: Release notes Download Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
2.4	Production	PHP 7.4 support, MySQL 8.0 support, MariaDB 10.4 support, Elasticsearch 7.6 support. Deprecated: PHP 7.1, PHP 7.2 Desupport: MySQL 5.6, MariaDB 10.0, MariaDB 10.1	2.4.3-p1	2021-08
2.3	Production	Inventory management, PWA studio	2.3.7	2018-12	2020-04
2.2	Production	Upgraded technology stack	2.2.11	2018-06	2019-12
2.1	Production	PayPal and management interfaces enhancements	2.1.15	2016-06	2018-09
2.0	Production		2.0.18	2015-11	2018-02	Requires MySQL 5.6 or later
1.9	Production		1.9.3.2	2014-05	2016-11
1.8	Production		1.8.1	2013-09	2013-12
1.7	Production		1.7.0.2	2012-04	2012-07
1.6	Production		1.6.2	2011-08	2012-01
1.5	Production		1.5.1	2011-02	2011-04
1.4	Production		1.4.2	2010-02	2010-12
1.3	Production		1.3.3	2009-03	2010-04
1.2	Production		1.2.1.2	2008-12	2009-03
1.1	Production		1.1.9	2008-07	2008-11
1.0	Production		1.0.0	2008-03	2008-03

Search Engines (Source: Wikipedia)

Logo	Name	Date (from)	Notes
	WebCrawler	1994
	Lycos	1995
	Yahoo!	1995
	Excite	1995
	AltaVista	1995	Redirects to Yahoo!
	Yandex	1997	Initially only for Russia
	Google	1998
	MSN Search	1998	Active as Bing
	Baidu	2000	For China
	DuckDuckGo	2008
	Bing	2009
	Brave Search	2021
	SearchGPT	2024

There are much more Search Engines than the listed ones...

Social Networks (Source: Wikipedia)

Logo	Name	URL	Date (from)	Notes
	Sixdegrees	www.sixdegrees.com	1997-12	First social-circles network
	LinkedIn	www.linkedin.com	2003-05	Business and career social media. Acquired by Microsoft on 2016-12
	Facebook	www.facebook.com	2004-02	The most famous social media and social networking service. The Like button was first enabled on 2009-02 and was expanded into Reactions on 2016-02. In October 2021 the company name changed to Meta Platforms Inc.
	Twitter	www.twitter.com	2006-07	Information and message sharing network. In 2017 the post message size was increased from 140 to 280 characters. Acquired by Elon Musk on 2022-10 Twitter changed its name to X on 2023-07.
	X	x.com	2023-07	New Twitter name and logo. With X users can share and post text messages, images, and videos known as tweets.
	YouTube	www.youtube.com	2005-02	Video sharing network. Acquired by Google on 2006-10.
	VKontakte	www.vk.com	2006-09	Russian online social media and social networking service.
	WhatsApp	www.whatsapp.com	2009-02	Voice-over-IP and Instant Messaging service. Acquired by Facebook on 2014-02.
	Pinterest	www.pinterest.com	2010-03	Image sharing service.
	Instagram	www.instagram.com	2010-10	Photo and video sharing social networking service. Initially photos where 1:1, 640 pixels sized. Instagram allows sharing of Stories since 2016-10, with post accessible for 24 hours only, and changed video format to Reel on 2022-07. Acquired by Facebook on 2012-04.
	WeChat	www.wechat.com	2011-01	Chinese instant messaging and mobile payment APP.
	Messenger	www.messenger.com	2011-08	Evolution of Facebook Chat (2018) allows one-to-one and group video calls.
	Snapchat	www.snapchat.com	2011-09	Multimedia instant messaging.
	Telegram	www.telegram.org	2013-08	Instant messaging service available on several platforms. Telegram provides end-to-end encryption and private chats called Secret Chats. Can be programmed with an open API to create custom bots.
	TikTok	www.tiktok.org	2016-09	Short video sharing network. Known as Douyin in China.
	Threads	www.threads.net	2023-07	Information sharing network. Initially available for Instagram users. For EU users since 2023-12.

Others: QQ (1999-02), Friendster (2003-03), MySpace (2003-08), Skype (2003-08), Vimeo (2004-11), Reddit (2005-06), Tumblr (2007-02), Weibo (2009-08), Kuaishou (2011-03), Twitch (2011-06), Google+ (2011-06), RED (2013-06), Mastodon (2016-03), OnlyFans (2016-11), Hive Social (2019-06), BeReal. (2020-01), Lemon8 (2020-05), BlueSky Social (2023-02), ...

Metaverse (Source: Wikipedia)

Logo	Name	URL	Date (from)	Notes
	Second Life	www.secondlife.com	2003-06
	Roblox	www.roblox.com	2006-09
	Decentraland	www.decentraland.org	2020-03
	The Sandbox	www.sandbox.game	2021-02
	Horizon Worlds	www.meta.com	2021-12

Others: The Sims, AltspaceVR, Dreams, Fortnite, Minecraft, Axie Infinity, Illuvium, ...

GenAI Chatbot (Source: Wikipedia)

Logo	Name	Company	URL	Date (from)	Notes
	ChatGPT	OpenAI	chatgpt.com	2022-11	Initially based on the LLM GPT-3.5, then updated to use GPT-4.
	Copilot	Microsoft	copilot.microsoft.com	2023-02	Based on GPT-4, replaced Cortana and had been integrated in many Windows software.
	Llama	Meta AI	www.llama.com	2023-02	Family of autoregressive large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI.
	Gemini	Google	gemini.google.com	2023-03	Bard was the first release of the Google chatbot then replaced by Gemini in 2023-12.
	Claude	Antropic	claude.ai	2023-03	Claude is a family of large language models fine tuned with Constitutional AI.
	Qwen	Alibaba	huggingface.co/spaces	2023-04	Qwen is a LLM developed by Alibaba, it does not have an official chatbot but huggingface has one.
	Ernie	Baidu	yiyan.baidu.com	2023-08	Ernie Bot is AI chatbot, mainly for chinese language, built on a large language model called ERNIE (Enhanced Representation through Knowledge Integration).
	Grok	xAI	x.ai/grok	2023-11	Initially called TruthGPT has a direct access to X.
	Apple Intelligence	Apple		2024-10	Available from iOS 18.1 and Sequoia 15.1, bundled to applications. Currently non available in Europe and in China.
	Le chat	Mistral	chat.mistral.ai/chat	2024-11	Mistral AI, a French artificial intelligence startup, produces open-source AI models.
	DeepSeek	High Flyer	chat.deepseek.com	2025-01	Chinese chatbot based on the Open Source DeepSeek-V3 foundation model.
	Metis	Amazon		2024-??	Maybe it'll be integrated with Alexa.

A more serious list should compare the LLMs (Large Language Models) on benchmarks... but chatting is more fun!

Asterisk

Asterisk is a powerful Open Source PBX.
Asterisk was initially developed in 1999 by Mark Spencer of Digium; Digium was acquired by Sangoma in 2018.

(Sources: All versions Asterisk svn archives (old) Documentation Downloads Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Date (to)	Notes
22 LTS	Production		22.2.0	2025-01	2025-02	2029-01 (SecFix 2027)	Suggested
21	Production		21.7.0	2023-10	2023-12	2024-10
20 LTS	Production		20.12.0	2022-10	2023-12	2026-10 (SecFix 2027)	Suggested
19	Production		19.8.1	2021-11	2021-11	2022-11
18 LTS	Production	STIR/SHAKEN standard support, add/remove video durign the call, video conference bridge, configurable SIP logging	18.20.1	2020-10	2023-12	2024-10 (SecFix 2025)	Suggested
17	Production	Application event filtering, RTP/ICE, BlindTransfer, DUNDi, MWI	17.9.4	2019-10	2021-08	2020-10 (SecFix 2021)
16 LTS	Production	REMB and NACK support for WebRTC, PJSIP AMI, Conference Text Messaging	16.30.1	2018-10	2022-12	2022-10 (SecFix 2023)
15	Production	Streams management (SFU: selective forwarding unit), simplified WebRTC support	15.7.4	2017-09	2019-09	2018-10 (SecFix 2019)
14	Production	Pluggable API for DNS, media play on file and on HTTP/HTTPS, ARI: separation for channel creation and dial, list media playback	14.7.8	2016-09	2018-09	2017-09 (SecFix 2018)
13 LTS	Production	Based on 12 new architecture, enhanced REST Interface (ARI), new funtionalities in AMI, dialplan applications	13.38.3	2014-10	2021-07	2020-10 (SecFix 2021)
12	Production	New architecture with an perfomant SIP channel driver built on pjsip Asterisk REST Interface. WebRTC: VP8 video codec support (Chrome), Opus codec support (audio)	12.8.2	2013-12		2014-12 (SecFix 2015)
11 LTS	Production	Call Identifier Logging, Hangup Handlers, Pre-dial routines, WebRTC (initial support)	11.25.3	2012-10		2016-10 (SecFix 2017)
10	Production	High-performance conferencing application for 8-192kHz clients New Media negotiation framework supporting for an array of common sampling rates SKYPE's SILK codec Pass-ThroughSupport for the CELT low-latency audio codec at 32 and 48kHz Support for the SPEEX codec at 32kHz Receive-side jitter buffer capabilities CCSS Device State Information	10.12.4	2011-12		2013-12
1.8 LTS	Production	Secure RTP, IPv6 Support, Connected Party Identification Support, Calendaring Integration, Channel Event Logging (CEL), Distributed Device State using Jabber/XMPP PubSub, Call Completion Supplementary Services support, Advice of Charge support	1.8.32.1	2010-10		2015-10
1.6	Production	SIP over TCP and TLS support, Distributed presence, T.38 FAX over SIP improvements	1.6.0.28 1.6.1.25 1.6.2.24	2008-10
1.4 LTS	Production	Generic Jitter Buffer, Asterisk Extension Language Version 2, T.38 (IP FAX), Jabber/Jingle/GoogleTalk compatibility, Increased language capabilities, Unified Messaging (central mailbox with voicemail, email, ...), AJAM (HTTP access to Asterisk Manager Interface (AMI))	1.4.44	2006-12		2012-04
1.2	EoL	Many fixes. Improved performances and memory management	1.2.40	2005-11		2010-11
1.0		First production release	1.0.12	2004-09

Asterisk patching is generally painless.
Asterisk upgrades are not very commons: You generally install and configure a new server!
Anyway the process is well documented.

xCALLY

xCALLY is a powerful Customer Care solution based on Asterisk produced by XeniaLAB. The xCALLY suite is a complete multi channel solution for Inbound, Outbound and Blended Contact Centers.

(Sources: xCALLY Motion v2 xCALLY Motion v3 xCALLY Shuttle )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
Motion v3	Production	Based on Asterisk 18 LTS, Debian 11 Bullseye, Docker (3.0.1 2022-03): many fixes	3.28.1	2022-01	2023-12
Motion v2	Production	New dialer, security enhancements. (2.0.6): Incompatible change: license manager. (2.0.52 2018-04): Security Suite fully GDPR compliant. (2.0.71 2018-12): DialogFlow integration for chat channels (chatbot). (2.0.75 2019-02): important fixes: MOTV2-2525 (security). (2.0.76 2019-02): performance: Emptied sessions table. (2.0.78 2019-03): Japanese GUI, Amazon LEX support. (2.1.0 2019-07): major change: user profiles (2.2.0 2019-07): videosupport option (2.3.0 2019-09): MS Dynamics CRM integration, Service Now integration (2.4.0 2019-12): new General Search, Screen Recording (2.5.0 2020-08): AI tools, WhatsApp connector (2.5.22 2021-03): mail performance improvements (upgrade may require some time), removed API /api/notifications (2.5.32 2021-03): autoreply improvements (upgrade may require some time) (2.5.44 2021-12): timezone for single contect (upgrade may require some time) (2.5.49 2022-01): auto answer for connector channels (2.6.0 2022-01): multiple contact numbers for outbound dialer (upgrade may require some time) (2.6.11 2022-07): many components require Node.js 6.13+, downgrade is not possible	2.6.34	2017-06	2023-05	End of support 2023-03
Motion	Production	Multichannel: Voice, Chat, eMail	1.0.38	2016-12	2018-11
Shuttle v2	Production	Asynchronous architecture based on node.js and angular.js. Real Time dashboards and Business Intelligence section for reporting. On click upgrade. (2.4.74 2018-06): compatible with xCally Universal Bar/Motion Bar that implement GDPR compliant security updates	2.4.89	2014-10	2020-09
Shuttle v1	Production	New HTML5 responsive supervisor interface. External SIP phone support. Full package installer for Linux CentOS available.
2.0	Production	Fast and Distributed phone bar provisioning, Analytics and Call Center Reports improvements, Mobile CTI App	2.0.1.11	2012-09
1.5	Production	Easy to use desktop interface, CTI phone bar, multiSkill and multiCampaign improvement, several timer management improvements	1.5.21	2012-02
1.0	Production	First version, CTI support	1.0.7	2010-11

Call-center operators generally use the xCALLY Phone Bar and a professional headset.

(Sources: Motion Phone Bar Shuttle Phone Bar )

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
MotionBAR 5.0	Production	New SIP stack (5.1.1): SIP stack upgrade (5.1.22 2018-05): xCALLY Universal Bar GDPR compliant (5.1.31 2020-01): Screen Recording, TLS 1.2 support	5.1.31	2017-05	2020-01
MotionBAR 4.0	EOL		4.0.0.32	2016-10	2017-05
ShuttleBAR 3.0	Production		3.7.2.17 3.6.3.6 3.5.0.9	2016-02	2018-06

xCALLY release changes require reinstall.

Zabbix

Zabbix is a powerful Open Source monitoring tool for systems, applications, and networks. Zabbix is feature rich and suitable for very large enterprise environments. Agents are written in C Language, the web interface is written in PHP and Java Script. The database is generally MySQL but many others are supported.

(Source: Release Notes, Release Policy, Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
6.4	Production		6.4.5	2023-03	2023-10
6.2	Production	Official AWS EC2 template, extended VMware monitoring, enhanced host discovery, ...	6.2.1	2022-07	2023-02
6.0 LTS	Production	Advanced SLA calculation logic, root cause analysis, machine learning, k8s monitoring, new widgets (eg. Geomap, SLA, ...); cluster mode (HA), performance improvements, new Agents	6.0.20	2022-02	2025-02 (LS 2027-02)
5.4	Production	Scheduled PDF reports, new trigger syntax, advanced data aggregation, multipage dashboards, ...	5.4.12	2021-05	2022-02 (LS 2022-05)
5.2	Production	User roles, MQTT and Modbus support, HAproxy for HA, syntetic monitoring, insights, ...	5.2.7	2020-10	2021-07
5.0 LTS	Production	Advanced automated discovery, new go Agents, scalability, on Cloud/on Premises, new GUI, ITSM integration, new templates, ...	5.0.36	2020-05	2023-05 (LS 2025-05)	Suggested
4.4	Production	zabbix_agent2, container deploy, metric documentation, ITSM integration,...	4.4.9	2019-10	2020-03
4.2	Production	TimescaleDB support	4.2.8	2019-04	2019-10
4.0 LTS	Production	Enhanced visualization, Time range selection, Tag management, Workflows, HTTP/HTTPS data collection, Kiosk mode, ...	4.0.47	2018-10	2021-10 (LS 2023-10)	Suggested
3.4	Production	Collected data preprocessing, command execution througt Proxies, customizable Dashboard, parallel alerts, time period macros, problem acknowledgement notification	3.4.15	2017-08	2018-10
3.2	Production	Event tags.	3.2.11	2016-09	2017-10
3.0 LTS	Production	(2015-08) 2.5 First Alpha. (2015-09) 3.0 Alpha2. (2016-02) New Web Interface, forecasting, per-process monitoring, private maps	3.0.32	2016-02	2019-02 (LS 2021-02)	Suggested
2.6	Production	Cancelled
2.4	Production	Multiple filters for low level discovery, Advanced WEB monitoring, SNMP bulk requests, Host menu changes Desupport: Node-based distribuited monitoring	2.4.8	2014-09	2016-01 (LS 2016-03)
2.3	Development		2.3.5	2014
2.2 LTS	Production	vCenter and vSphere integration, Internal events, Macro processing, Performance improvements, API improvements, Discovery and auto-registration, Access to historical data for disabled hosts, Windows events collection Desupport: Unknown events	2.2.23	2013-11	2017-08 (LS 2019-08)	Suggested
2.1	Development		2.1.9	2013
2.0 LTS	Production	SNMP traps, new default templates, WEB monitoring by proxies	2.0.21	2012-05	2015-05 (LS 2017-05)
1.9	Development		1.9.9	2010
1.8	Production	DB Cache, more efficient polling, flexible maintenance periods	1.8.22	2009-12	2014-12
1.7	Development		1.7.4	2009
1.6	Production	Escalations, IPv6, ZABBIX Proxy, Dashboard	1.6.4	2008-09	2013-09
1.5	Development		1.5.4	2008
1.4	Production	Distribuited monitoring, Installation Wizard, Auto-discovery, Web monitoring	1.4.7	2007-05	2011-05
1.3	Development		1.3.8	2007
1.1	Production	SNMP v3, New GUI, Localization, Templates	1.1.7	2006-02	2011-02
1.0	Production	First version	1.0	2004-03	2009-03
0.1	Alpha	Alpha but works fine!	0.x	2001	2004

Some Zabbix versions are labeled LTS indicating Long Term Support.

Zabbix upgrades must be planned. First versions upgrades had a long manual procedure.
Current version upgrades are generally smooth if You follow the standard procedure.
Since 2.2.0 database upgrades are automatic.
Agents are generally compatible for many releases (of course without the newest features)
while proxies must be in the same major release of the Zabbix server.

Grafana

Grafana is a powerful Open Source analytics platform for metrics on Time Series DB.

(Source: Downloads, GitHub, Breaking changes, Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Features	Last release	Date (from)	Date (last)	Notes
11	Production	Subfolders, Scenes, LLM plugin for AI generated titles, colored rows in tables, PDF export improvements, Explore metrics for Prometheus, Explore logs for Loki, ... Deprecation: AngularJS based plugins disabled by default (angular_support_enabled=false) Desupport: legacy alerting, endpoints and fields in Reporting, Input data source	11.3.2	2024-05	2024-12
10	Production	React 18. Region support for time series, annotation filtering, Canvas panel, Azure monitoring datasource, ... Many previews: public dashboards, Subfolders, Scenes, Correlations, trend panel, Datagrid panel, ...	10.4.3	2023-06	2024-05
9	Production	Prometheus and Loki new query builders, new heatmap, improvements to: alerting, dashboard search, security and authentication. (9.3 2022-12): improved navigation, localization, improved alerting. (9.3.4 2023-01): security fix (CVE-2022-23498).	9.5.19	2022-06	2024-05
8	Production	Library panels, panel visualization (eg. Time Series instead of Graph! Beta: Bar, Node, State timeline, Histogram, ...), v8.0 alerts, plugin catalog, ... (8.1.6): security fix (CVE-2021-39226). (8.3.1): security fix (CVE-2021-43798). (8.3.2): security fix (CVE-2021-43798, CVE-2021-PENDING). (8.3.5): security fix (CVE-2022-21702, CVE-2022-21703, CVE-2022-21713). (8.5.3): security fix (CVE-2022-29170).	8.5.20	2021-06	2023-01
7	Production	Data transformations, new table panel, new IDE, CloudWatch support, ... (7.0.2): security fix (CVE-2020-13379). (7.2.0): date formats. (7.5.11): security fix (CVE-2021-39226). (7.5.12): security fix (CVE-2021-43798, CVE-2021-PENDING). (7.5.16): security fix (CVE-2022-29170).	7.5.16	2020-05	2021-10
6	Production	New query workflow, Grafana Loki (log aggregation), new Gauge Panel, new Panel Editor UX. (6.1 2019-04): multi value data source variables for repeating panels, filtering on Prometheus, editors ownership. (6.1.6): security fix. (6.2.0): lazy loading, multi series gauge, bar gauge, ... (6.3.0): data link, graph gradients, new time picker, loki/Elasticsearch/InfluxDB log support, ... (6.3.4): security fix (CVE-2019-15043). (6.4.0): Log panel, data links improvements, go back. (6.6.0): stat panel, custom data units. (6.7.0): Google sheets datasource, OAuth integration, dashboard minimum refresh interval, query history. (6.7.4): security fix (CVE-2020-13379).	6.7.4	2019-02	2020-06
5	Production	New dashboard grid layout engine, first steps from AngularJS to React, Light theme, Dashboard and folder permissions, Teams, Datasource and Dashborad provisioning, persistent URLs (5.1): Microsoft SQL Server datasource plugin. (5.2): Eleasticsearch alerting. (5.2.3): important security fix. (5.3): TV & Kiosk mode changes, Postgres graphical query builder, TimescaleDB support, Google Stackdriver datasource (5.4.0): Team preferences, highlighting weekdays and timespans in the graphs, MySQL Query Builder, for clause in Alerts, templating query editor for all datasources (5.4.5): security fix (CVE-2019-15043).	5.4.5	2018-03	2019-08
4	Production	Alerting, notifications, annotations. (4.1): shared tooltip, Elasticsearch 5.x support. (4.3): MySQL, PostgreSQL data source plugins. (4.6.4): important security fix	4.6.4	2016-12	2018-08
3	Production	Panel and APP Plugins, Playlists, grafana CLI	3.1.1	2016-05	2016-08
2	Production	(2.1): LDAP integration, InfluxDB 0.9 full support, KariosDB plugin (2.5): Mixed datasources, new time picker, invite users	2.6.0	2015-04	2015-12
1	Production	First public release. Grafana is the dashboard replacement for Graphite.	1.9.1	2014-01	2014-12

Upgrades are generally painless (eg. yum update grafana) even if a DB backup is recomended.

Eclipse

Eclipse is the most used IDE for Java programming and... it is Open Source!

Eclipse is used for many other languages too.

(Sources: Eclipse Wikipedia)

Version	Status	Name	Last release	Date (from)	Date (to)	Notes
4.x	Production		4.21	2018-09	2021-09	... 2020-06: 4.16, ... 2021-06: 4.20
4.9	Old	SimRel		2018-09		Simultaneous Release (every tree months)
4.8	Old	Photon	4.8	2018-06
4.7	Old	Oxygen	4.7	2017-06
4.6	Old	Neon	4.6.3	2016-06
4.5	Old	Mars	4.5.2	2015-06
4.4	Old	Luna		2014-06		Java 8 support
4.3	Old	Kepler		2013-06
4.2	Old	Juno		2012-06
3.7	Old	Indigo		2011-06
3.6	Old	Helios		2010-06
3.5	Old	Galileo		2009-06
3.4	Old	Ganimede		2018-06
3.3	Old	Europa		2007-06
3.2	Old	Callisto		2006-06
3.1	Old		3.1	2005-06
3.0	Old		3.0	2004-06

Last but not least...

Programming Languages Duke

SELECT programmingLanguage FROM theOnesIWorkedWith ORDER BY myPersonalPreference; +----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+ | Language | From | Notes | Latest Version | +----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+

Language	From	Notes	Latest version
C	1972	Still my favourite one Versions: C17 C11 C99 C95 C90 C89 (ANSI C) K&R (Kernighan Ritchie on 1978)	C17
SQL	1977	Database Query Language... and much more! Versions: SQL/2023 SQL/2016 SQL/2011 SQL/2008 SQL/2006 SQL/2003 SQL/1999 SQL/92 SQL/89 SQL/86	SQL/2023
Bourne Shell	1969	On any Unix box	bash-5.1
HTML	1989	You are reading an HTML file...	HTML5
Python	1991	Latest supported versions: ... 3.12.5 3.11.9 3.10.14 3.9.19 3.8.19 Unsupported: 3.7.17 3.6.14 3.5.10 3.4.9 3.3.7 3.2.6 3.1.5 3.0.1 2.7.18 2.6.9 2.5.6 2.4.6 2.3.7 2.2.3 2.1.3 2.0.1 1.6 1.5.2p2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9.9	3.12.5
PHP	1998	Great web scripting language.	8.4.4 5.6.10 discontinued
Perl	1986	Make the easy things easy, and the hard things possible	5.36
C++	1980	More than C language but I was too old to learn it
Objective-C	1986	Mac & iPhone programming
Java	1995	Great job Duke!
C#	2000	Microsoft OOL similar to Java
Tcl/Tk	1988
Java Script	1997
Cobol	1959	Never dies!
Pascal	1971
Delphi	1995
Prolog	1970	Logical programming
BASIC	1964
Visual Basic	1991
LISP	1964	Lambda calculus
Fortran	1954

"Your Servers Stink" Theory

Does Your server really stink?
Yes, it can be mathematically, physically and philosophically proved that both Your Hardware and Software need an upgrade. Let's see the theory behind this truth.

Does Your Hardware stinks?
If a CPU is 2 years old then current HW is twice faster (by Moore's law: performance increases exponentially over time). If You have read this document so far then you are worried by Your Hardware oldness. Applying the first Aristotle syllogism gives the following conclusion:
Conclusion: Your Hardware is slow, You have to upgrade Your Hardware!

Does Your Software stinks?
The halting problem is undecidable over computer programs (by Turing's theorem). By Gödel's second incompleteness theorem no software con be proved to be correct. Applying the first Murphy law to both theorems gives the following conclusion:
Conclusion: You Software is buggy and perhaps will hang, You have to upgrade Your Software!

These two thesis allow us to write the First Server Stinks Theorem (1SST):
Your Server really stinks, You have to upgrade it!

By Hofstadter's law the upgrade task takes more than expected but applying the Pareto principle we see that upgrading the 20% of the systems solves the 80% of the problems. This allow us to write the Second Server Stinks Theorem (2SST):
Your Server really stinks, You have to upgrade it now!

Using the Occam razor on both sentences give us the definitive form of the Third and Last Server Stinks Theorem (3SST):
Your Server stinks, You must upgrade it!

Applying the Amdahl's law on the number of servers and system engineers an important corollary (YAAL: you're always late) of the previous theorem is:
Your Servers stink, You must upgrade!

Recent researches applied the CAP Theorem on 3SST obtaining the Fouth Cloud and not Least Server Stinks Theorem (4CSST):
Your Cloud stinks, You must upgrade!

Copyright Notice

This page has been prepared mainly with publicy available documents but it may contain copyrighted, reserved material and personal biased comments (eg. my hints: Suggested / BAD).
I'm trying to keep this page updated and to fix any error... if You find something wrong or missing please send an email to meo.

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Titolo: Your Server stinks!
Livello: Esperto (4/5)
Data: 1 Aprile 1998 🐟 Fools' Day
Versione: 1.0.33 - 14 Febbraio 2024 ❤️ San Valentino Special Edition
Aggiornamento: .G - 31 Ottobre 2024 🎃 Halloween Supplemental Update
Autore: mail [AT] meo.bogliolo.name

Oracle Version	11.2	11.1	10.2	10.1	9.2.0	9.0.1	8.1.7	8.1.6	8.1.5	8.0.6	8.0.5
AIX OS	AIX 5L V5.3 TL 09 SP1 or higher, 64 bit kernel AIX 6.1 TL 02 SP1 or higher, 64-bit kernel AIX 7.1 TL 00 SP1 or higher, 64-bit kernel	AIX 6.1L, AIX 5L version 5.3, TL 05, Service Pack 06, AIX 6L version 6.1, TL 00, Service Pack 04 or later	5.2 ML4 or higher, 5.3 ML2 or higher, 6.1 For AIX 6.1, only 10.2.0.3 or higher are certified CRS with 10.2.0.4 or higher require AIX 5.3 TL5 or higher	5.2 ML1 or higher, 5.3	o 4.3.3 (64bit only) 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 (5L)(64bit only)	4.3.3 (64bit)	o 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit) 5.1, 5.2 (5L) (32bit) [patch 2896876 is required if kernel is running in 64bit mode] 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)	4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32 or 64bit)	o 4.2.1 , 4.3.0, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit) 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)	o 4.2.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit) 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)	o 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.2.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (32bit) 4.3.2, 4.3.3 (64bit)
HP OS	HP-UX 11i V3 patch Bundle Sep/ 2008 (B.11.31.0809.326a) or higher	11.23 and 11.31 (Itanium,PA-RISC)	11.11 (PA-RISC) (64bit) 11.23 (PA-RISC) (64bit) 11.23, 11.31 (PA-RISC / Itanium / IPF)	11.11 (PA-RISC) (64bit) 11.23 (PA-RISC) (64bit) 11.23, 11.31 (IA64 - Itanium)	11.0 (64bit) 11.11 (64bit) 11.23 (PA-RISC) (64bit) 11.31 (PA-RISC) (64bit)(10/30) 11.22, 11.23, 11.31 (IA64 - Itanium)	11.0 (64bit) 11.11 (64bit)	11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)	11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)	11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)	10.20 (32bit) 11.0, 11.11(11i) (32bit/64bit)	10.20 (32bit) 11.0 (32 or 64)
Oracle Solaris	Solaris(64bit) 10 (update 6 or higher), Solaris 11 On Solaris 11, only 11.2.0.3 is certified export AWT_TOOLKIT=XToolkit	2.9 Update 7 (09/04), 2.10	2.8 Update 7 (02/02), 2.9 Update 6 (04/04), 2.10 (64bit) Solaris 10 on x86_64	Solaris SPARC 2.8, 2.9 (64bit) Solaris SPARC 10 (64bit) requires 10.1.0.3.0 patchset Solaris x86 2.9, 10	o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (32bit) Solaris 10 (32bit) requires 9.2.0.4.0 patchset 2.8, 2.9 (64bit) Solaris 10 (64bit) requires 9.2.0.5.0 patchset	o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (32bit) 2.8, 2.9 (64bit)	o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 (32bit) 2.8, 2.9 (64bit)	o 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 (32bit) 2.7, 2.8 (64bit)	2.6, 2.7, 2.8 (32bit) 2.7 (64bit)	2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8	2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8
Oracle Version	11.2	11.1	10.2	10.1	9.2.0	9.0.1	8.1.7	8.1.6	8.1.5	8.0.6	8.0.5
Linux x86_64 EM64T AMD64 OS	RHEL4,OEL4 - update 7 or greater RHEL5,OEL5 - 5.2 or greater RHEL6,OEL6 - 6.0 or greater SLES10 - Kernel 2.6.16.21-0.8 or greater SLES11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater Asianux Server 3 SP2 On Asianux Server 4, only 11.2.0.3 is certified On RHEL6/OEL6, only 11.2.0.3 is certified On RHEL7/OEL7, only 11.2.0.4 is certified On RHEL8/OEL8, only 11.2.0.4 is certified	Asianux 2.0, [Red Hat,Oracle] Enterprise Linux 4.0: 2.6.9 Asianux Server 3, [Red Hat,Oracle] Enterprise Linux 5.0: 2.6.18 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10: 2.6.16.21 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11: 2.6.27.19-5 or greater	Red Hat Enterprise Linux ( RHEL 3 ) AS/ES (Update 4 or later) 2.4.21-27.EL RHEL4 AS/ES (Update 1 or later) or OEL4 2.6.9-11.EL RHEL5 AS/ES or OEL5 2.6.18-8 or higher SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 (SLES9) with SP2 or later 2.6.5-7.201 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (SLES10) 2.6.16.21-0.8 (or later) SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 (SLES11) 2.6.27.19-5 or greater Asianux 2.0	Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0 (Update 2 or higher) 2.4.21-15.EL Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or higher) 2.6.9-11.EL smp SuSE SLES8 (Service Pack 3 or higher) 2.4.21-185-smp SuSE SLES9 2.6.5-7.97 Asianux 1.0 requires 10.1.0.3	Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0 2.4.21-9 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4.0 minimum patchset level is 9.2.0.7.0 SuSE SLES8 2.4.21-185 SuSE SLES9 9.2.0.6 Required - needed for EM64T patch 4261532 patch 4233179
Linux x86 OS	RHEL4,OEL4 - Update 7 or greater which is Kernel 2.6.9-78 or newer RHEL5, OEL5 - 5.2 or greater which is Kernel 2.6.18-92 or newer SLES10 - Kernel 2.6.16.21 or higher SLES 11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater Asianux Server 3 SP2 On Asianux Server 4, only 11.2.0.3 is certified On RHEL6/OEL6, only 11.2.0.3 is certified	RHEL4, OEL4, Asianux 2.0 2.6.9 RHEL5, OEL5, Asianux Server 3 2.6.18 SuSE SLES10 2.6.16.21 SuSE SLES11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater	RHEL 3 AS/ES ( RHEL3 ) (Update 4 or later) 2.4.21-27.EL or higher RHEL 4 AS/ES ( RHEL4 ) and Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 ( OEL4 ) 2.6.9-5.0.5.EL or higher RHEL 5 AS/ES ( RHEL5 ) and Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 ( OEL5 ) 2.6.18-8 or higher SuSE SLES9 2.6.5-7.201 or higher SuSE SLES10 SuSE SLES11 - Kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or greater Asianux 1.0 2.4.21-27.EL or higher Asianux 2.0 2.6.9-5.0.5.EL or higher	RHEL AS/ES 2.1 (Update 3 or higher) 2.4.9-e34 or higher RHEL AS/ES 3.0 (Update 2 or higher) 2.4.21-15.EL or higher RHEL4 (10.1.0.3.0 patchset required) SuSE SLES8 (Service Pack 3 or higher) 2.4.21-138 SuSE SLES9 2.6.5-7.5 Red Flag Advanced Server 4.0 (China only) Miracle Linux Std Ed 2.1 (Japan only) Asianux 1.0	Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 2.1 2.4.9-e34 or higher Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0 2.4.21-15 RHEL4 (9.2.0.6.0 patchset required or 9.2.0.5.0 patchset and Patch 4276910 required) SuSE SLES8 2.4.21-138 SuSE SLES9 2.6.5-7.97 United Linux 1.0 (SP3 or higher) Red Flag DC Server 4.0 (China and Hong Kong only) Monta Vista Carrier Grade Linux 3.0 (embedded) Miracle Linux Std Ed 2.1 (Japan only) 2.4.7 Asianux 1.0	Caldera OU8+LKP, Red Hat 7.1, Advanced Server 2.1, SuSE 7.1, 7.2, SLES7, Kernel 2.4.4	Caldera OU8+LKP, Miracle 1.0, 2.0, Red Hat 6.1,6.2, EE 6.2, 7.0, 7.1, Advanced Server 2.1, SuSE 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, SLES7, Kernel 2.2.16	Miracle 1.0, Red Hat 6.0,6.1,6.2, EE 6.2, SuSE 6.3, 6.4, 7.0, VA 6.2, Kernel 2.2	Red Hat 6.2, EE 6.2, SuSE 6.3, 6.4, Kernel 2.2	Red Hat 6.2, SuSE 6.4, 7.0, Kernel 2.0.34	2.0.34
Oracle Version	11.2	11.1	10.2	10.1	9.2.0	9.0.1	8.1.7	8.1.6	8.1.5	8.0.6	8.0.5
Linux Itanium OS	Not Available	Not Available	RHEL AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or higher) 2.4.21-20.EL RHEL AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or higher) 2.6.9-11.EL SuSE SLES9 (SP2 or higher) 2.6.5-199 SuSE SLES-10 RHEL 5.0 (Note 748378.1) 2.6.18-8 or higher	RHEL AS/ES 2.1 (Update 6 or higher) 2.4.18-e52 RHEL AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or higher) 2.4.21-27.EL RHEL AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or higher) 2.6.9-11.EL.smp Red Flag Advanced Server 4.0 for Itanium 2 (China and Hong Kong only) SuSE SLES8 (SP4 or later) 2.4.21-278 SuSE SLES9 (SP1 or later) 2.6.5-7.139	Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 2.1 2.4.18-e.14 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 3.0 Red Hat Enterprise AS/ES 4.0 2.6.9-11 SuSE SLES8 SuSE SLES9 United Linux 1.0 Red Flag Advanced Server 4.0 for Itanium 2 (China and Hong Kong only) 2.4.18-e14.ia64.rpm
Linux on 64-bit zSeries	Note:1306889.1 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 on RHEL 5 Note:1290644.1 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 64-bit on SLES 11 Note:1308859.1 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 on SLES 10	Not available	Note:415182.1 DB Install Requirements Quick Reference - zSeries based Linux	Note:415182.1 DB Install Requirements Quick Reference - zSeries based Linux
Oracle Version	11.2	11.1	10.2	10.1	9.2.0	9.0.1	8.1.7	8.1.6	8.1.5	8.0.6	8.0.5
Linux on Power PC OS	Not Available	Not Available	o Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 5.0 (Update 1 or later) 2.6.18-53.el5 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4.0 (Update 1 or later) 2.6.9-11.EL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 2.6.5-7.191-pseries64 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0 Asianux 2.0
Tru64 OS	Not Available	Not Available	5.1b	5.1b	5.1a, 5.1b	5.0a, 5.1, 5.1a, 5.1b	4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1, 5.1a, 5.1b(EV5.6 processor or higher) do '/usr/sbin/psrinfo -v'	4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1	4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1	4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a, 5.1, 5.1a	4.0D-G, 5.0, 5.0a
Mac OS X	Not Available	Not Available	Mac OS X Server 10.5.4 (Intel x86-64) Only 10.2.0.4 is available and certified only on Mac OS X Server 10.5.4 (Intel x86-64)	Mac OS X Server 10.4(PowerPC) Mac OS X Server 10.3.9(PowerPC) Mac OS X Server 10.3.6(PowerPC)